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Topic: Gastric varices

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	Esophageal varices - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine (gastroenterology), esophageal varices are extreme dilations of sub-mucosal veins in the mucosa of the esophagus in diseases featuring portal hypertension, secondary to cirrhosis primarily.
		Varices can also form in other areas of the body, including the stomach (gastric varices), duodenum (duodenal varices), and rectum (rectal varices).
		In cases of refractory bleeding, balloon tamponade may be necessary, usually as a bridge to further endoscopy, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), or a distal splenorenal shunt procedure or a liver transplantation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esophageal_varices (372 words)

	Varices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The anatomical substrate for gastro-oesophageal varices is provided by the anastomoses between the coronary vein and the short gastric veins with the oesophageal and perioesophageal veins and with the splenic vein.
		The radiographic features of "downhill" varices is similar to that of "uphill" varices but they are characteristically located in the upper and middle third of the thoracic oesophagus because of the underlying venous anatomy whereas "uphill" varices are most prominent in the distal third of the thoracic oesophagus.
		Gastric varices are usually associated with oesophageal varices but are detected radiologically in less than 50% of patients with oesophageal varices on barium study.
	radiologynotes.servehttp.com /caseofweek_files/37a.htm (627 words)

	Detection of submucosal gastric fundal varices with multi-detector row CT angiography -- Willmann et al. 52 (6): 886 -- ...
		Detection of submucosal gastric fundal varices with multi-detector row CT angiography -- Willmann et al.
		Detection of submucosal gastric fundal varices with multi-detector row CT angiography
		varices were detected in 16 of 22 patients (73%) and perigastric
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/52/6/886 (429 words)

	s050718a - Isolated Gastric Varices & Portal Hypertension
		Small varices were regarded as those which flatten with insufflation or slightly protrude into the lumen, while large varices are those which protrude into the lumen or touch each other.
		In patients with cirrhosis, the presence of splenomegaly is associated with the presence of larger oesophageal varices.
		Gastric varices are another common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients and these can be managed with cyanoacrylate glue injection or surgery.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch05/s050718a.html (4257 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Gastric varices are most commonly located in the cardia in continuity with esophageal varices.
		Isolated gastric varices are most commonly located in the fundus and can be seen in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, as well as in patients with splenic vein thrombosis (e.g., from pancreatic disease) or portal vein thrombosis.
		Bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with portal hypertension (B).
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=8208&nbr=4583 (2133 words)

	Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices -- Hirota et al. 211 (2): 349 -- Radiology
		Grade 1 gastric varices and collateral veins in a 48-year-old man with a history of two episodes of esophageal variceal bleeding.
		Grade 2 gastric varices and collateral veins in a 69-year-old woman with a history of bleeding from esophageal varices.
		Because the gastric varices (open arrow) could be visualized in their entirety, however, we judged this case to be one of grade 2 collateral veins.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/figsonly/211/2/349 (1009 words)

	Esophageal Varices
		The mortality rate for esophageal variceal bleeding, on the first event, is between 40 and 70 percent.
		Gastric varices are dilated blood vessels that are found predominantly in the stomach.
		When gastric varices are identified without coexisting esophageal varices, a splenic vein thrombosis may be present.
	www.indiasurgeons.com /esophageal_varices.htm (565 words)

	Transcatheter Obliteration of Gastric Varices: Part 1. Anatomic Classification -- Kiyosue et al. 23 (4): 911 -- ...
		Type 1 gastric varices are supplied by a single afferent gastric vein, type 2 are supplied by multiple afferent gastric veins, and type 3 are supplied by single or multiple gastric veins with coexistent gastric veins that are directly contiguous with the shunt (arrow) but do not contribute to the varices.
		Type A gastric varices are contiguous with a single shunt alone, type B are contiguous with a single shunt and collateral veins, type C are contiguous with both the gastrorenal and gastrocaval shunts, and type D are not contiguous with a catheterizable shunt.
		Type C gastric varices are contiguous with both shunts, as in this case.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/figsonly/23/4/911 (1831 words)

	eMedicine - Esophageal Varices : Article Excerpt by: Cenon Buencamino, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Paraesophageal varices are collateral veins beyond the adventitial surface of the esophagus that parallel intramural esophageal veins.
		The resulting varices are most prominent in the lower-to-mid thirds of the esophagus, especially at the gastroesophageal junction.
		Solitary gastric varices identified with either endoscopy or barium techniques are also usually a result of portal hypertension.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/esophageal-varices.htm (474 words)

	Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Fundal Varices with Hemorrhage -- Kitamoto et al. 178 ...
		Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Fundal Varices with Hemorrhage
		Gastric varices were completely obliterated by 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol injected in retrograde manner during balloon occlusion.
		from gastric varices, the usefulness of retrograde transvenous obliteration
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/178/5/1167 (4003 words)

	Gastric Cancer IV, EL SALVADOR ATLAS of Gastrointestinal VideoEndoscopy.
		Some isolated gastric varices were found at the fundus.
		obstructed the gastric antrum, infiltrated the gastric angle.
		Endoscopically a gastric carcinoma of the corpus is seen.
	www.gastrointestinalatlas.com /English/Stomach/Gastric_Cancer_IV_/gastric_cancer_iv_.html (522 words)

	eMedicine - Esophageal Varices : Article by Cenon Buencamino, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He found that the patient's Child classification was a major factor in predicting variceal hemorrhage; for example, the risk of hemorrhage in a patient with Child class A and grade 3/3 varices and no red wheals is only 15% compared with 42% in a patient with Child class C varices with identical endoscopic appearances.
		Varices are identified as multiple, well-circumscribed, hypoechoic or anechoic structures that have a tubular or serpiginous appearance; they are located in the submucosal layer.
		Nelson SW: The roentgenologic diagnosis of esophageal varices.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic269.htm (8401 words)

	Gastric Varices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bleeding from this region of the stomach was seen at endoscopy.
		Varices from portal hypertension: correlation of CT and angiography.
		CT evaluation of esophageal and upper abdominal varices.
	home.earthlink.net /~radiologist/tf/012901.htm (258 words)

	DAVE Project: Stomach - Gastric Varices Injection with Cyanoacrylate
		Multiple large gastric varices can be seen in the gastric cardia and fundus.
		Next, 1 ml of pure lipoidol is aspirated into the needle, this is followed by a mixture of cyanoacrylate with lipoidol at a 1:1 or 7:3 concentration.
		The varices seen on the left side of the screen are very large, however, 2 ml of mixed cyanoacrylate is sufficient.
	dave1.mgh.harvard.edu /ViewFilms.cfm?Film_id=145 (264 words)

	Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices with Gastrorenal Shunt: Long-Term Follow-Up in ...
		Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices with Gastrorenal Shunt: Long-Term Follow-Up in 78 Patients -- Ninoi et al.
		Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices with Gastrorenal Shunt: Long-Term Follow-Up in 78 Patients
		prognostic factors for worsening of esophageal varices and survival.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/abstract/184/4/1340 (341 words)

	Long-term Results of Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for the Treatment of Gastric Varices and ...
		Grade 4 gastric varices and collateral veins in a 69-year-old man with liver cirrhosis.
		The initial procedure means the relapse-free survival rate after complete clotting of the gastric varices on CT was confirmed at the first procedure, and the secondary one means the relapse-free survival rate after two or three B-RTO procedures.
		of HCC, 1.375 for worsening of esophageal varices, 1.015 for
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/12/3/327 (5113 words)

	ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF OESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES
		The variceal endoscopic ligation developed from the concept of haemorrhoidal ligation by using a rubber band to strangulate a superficial blood vessel, resulting in vessel thrombosis; inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of the mucosa and scar formation.
		In patients with actively bleeding varices, one frequently encountered difficulty is the pooling of blood near the fundus and the cardia, obscuring the endoscopic view.
		The methods used to assess the success of variceal obliteration include palpating the varix with a blunt instrument (soft versus hard), radiographic visualization of varices filled with lipiodol and cyanoacrylate mixture, and endoscopic ultrasound[105] (absence of hypoechoic vascular channels in fundus and cardia).
	www.bhj.org /journal/2002_4404_oct/therap_517.htm (7931 words)

	Transportal Intravariceal Sclerotherapy with N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate for Gastric Varices -- Kiyosue et al. 15 (5): 505 ...
		Six coils were placed in both the inflow and outlet of the gastric varices, and the NBCA-lipiodol mixture was injected via the microcatheter.
		Lunderquist A, Vang J. Transhepatic catheterization and obliteration of the coronary vein in patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices.
		Adherence of cyanoacrylate which leaked from gastric varices to the left renal vein during endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: a histopathologic study.
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/15/5/505 (1876 words)

	Gastric Varices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Left: 31 year-old man with end-stage liver disease secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis, with a recurrent episode of bleeding from gastric and esophageal varices.
		Seen on retroflexion are pendulous varices in the gastric cardia and fundus, covered with fresh-appearing blood.
		Polyp-like varices are shown here in the gastric cardia, seen on retroflexion of the endoscope.
	www.endoatlas.com /st_gv_02.html (218 words)

	Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices -- Hirota et al. 211 (2): 349 -- Radiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		gastric varices, and the presence of dilatation of the gastrorenal
		or bleeding from the gastric varices, with the longest survival
		the gastric varices because of the absence of collateral veins.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/211/2/349 (5311 words)

	TIPS for gastric varices -- Ryan et al. 52 (5): 772 -- Gut
		The role of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) in the management of bleeding gastric varices: clinical and haemodynamic correlations.
		A study in 230 patients with esophageal and/or gastric varices using portal vein catheterization.
		Endoscopic use of human thrombin in bleeding gastric varices.
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/52/5/772 (928 words)

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