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	Palaeos Metazoa: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Gastropoda
		Gastropods, the group of mollusks that include the terrestrial snails and slugs and the marine limpets, periwinkles, abalones, whelks, and their relatives, are the largest and most varied class of mollusks, with more than 75,000 extant species in addition to 15,000 fossil forms that are known.
		The bellerophontiform gastropods he considers to be bi-phyletic, with one group perhaps ancestral to, and another an off-shoot of, a very early paraphyletic assemblage called the Sinuopeidae (latest Cambrian to middle of the Early Ordovician).
		Gastropod systematics and phylogenetic understanding has undergone radical revision in the last few decades, and the old three-fold classification of Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia, and Pulmonata, with the Prosobranchia divided into Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, and Neogastropoda, is no longer accepted by recent workers in this field, who have adopted a cladistic perspective based on more thorough recent research.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Molluscs/Gastropoda/Gastropoda.html (1802 words)

	Gastropod Meeting in Pittsburgh
		Freshwater gastropods will be the focus of the AMS meeting in Charleston, August 2002.
		Unionacean mussels were unquestionably the primary focus of the meeting, although there were a few gastropod talks, and even a bit of interest in pisidiid/sphaerid clams.
		Plans are currently underway for two workshops in 2002 - Mussel propagation in Sheperdstown WV (March), and gastropod conservation with the AMS in Charleston (August).
	www.cofc.edu /~dillonr/22Mar01.htm (544 words)

	Gastropod, any mollusk of the class Gastropoda, which includes snails and slugs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Originally the gills and anus of a gastropod were at the hind end of the body.
		The gut of a gastropod is a coiled tube with various glands and sometimes a gizzard.
		Among the gastropods eaten by humans are the abalone, other marine snails, such as the conch and the periwinkle, and land snails of various types.
	www.student.loretto.org /zoology/Gastropod.html (925 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for gastropod (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Apical Sensory Organ of a Gastropod Veliger Is a Receptor for Settlement Cues.
		Gastropods and rostroconchs (Mollusca) from the Maxville Limestone (Upper Mississippian) in Ohio (1).
		Intracapsular feeding by embryos of the gastropod genus Littorina.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=gastropod (1021 words)

	gastropod - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gastropod, any mollusk of the class Gastropoda, which includes snails and slugs.
		Slug, terrestrial gastropod mollusk, related to the snail, but with the shell represented by an internal horny plate overlying the respiratory...
		Whelk, common name applied to marine gastropod, also known as a sea snail, having a spiral shell.
	encarta.msn.com /gastropod.html (110 words)

	Empty Gastropod Shells Synopsis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the SE Bering Sea, the gastropods that leave large calcareous shells behind when they die are members of the "true snail" Orders Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda.
		Gastropod shell is important both as cover for motile (free-living) organisms, and attachment substrate for sessile (attached) organisms.
		Gastropod egg cases are also commonly laid on gastropod shell.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /groundfish/hapc/EmptyGastropodShell_synopsis.htm (299 words)

	Gastropod Morphology and Biology
		Reproduction in the gastropods is extremely diverse; the sexes are separate in nearly all prosobranchs, but opisthobranchs and pulmonates (classification page) often exist at sexual majority as hemaphrodites.
		Finally, the gastropod's easily recognizable foot is a broad, flat muscular organ used primarily for locomotion.
		Modification and ornamentation of the shell are highly diverse and reflective of the gastropod's environment.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Gastropoda/higgins_gast2.html (729 words)

	Gastropod shells in 3D –
		Photography of larger gastropod shells is conducted with a digital camera selecting the ‘macro’ setup, while small shells are photographed either with a magnifying glass placed in front of the camera objective or under a stereomicroscope.
		The gastropod primarily colonizes the shores of large ponds and lakes being rich of submerged vegetation.
		The gastropod may be characterized as a specialist that colonizes waters in the alpine foreland, but does not occur in any mountain lakes.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artmar07/gs-gastro3d.html (1550 words)

	gastropod - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The shell of gastropods is of one piece (called univalve) and usually coiled or spiraled as in snails, periwinkles, conches, whelks, limpets, and abalones ; however, in some forms, as in slugs and sea slugs, it is reduced or completely absent.
		Ancient gastropods were probably bilaterally symmetrical, but living species undergo a process known as torsion in which most of the body behind the head rotates 180° so that the anal and urinary openings are relocated behind the head, and the digestive tract and nervous system become U-shaped.
		Most gastropod species are marine but many groups, notably the pulmonate (lung-bearing) snails, have successfully invaded freshwater and moist terrestrial habitats.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-gastropo.html (935 words)

	RARE GASTROPOD FOSSILS
		Specimens such as these are never sold to the public so this is an excellent opportunity to add a unique fossil gastropod to your collection from a region of the world that most fossil collectors have no knowledge of nor specimens from.
		Gastropods have bodies that are soft made up of a large flat mucus-covered 'foot' on which the animal slowly glides, and a head with eyes, tentacles and mouth.
		The ones that are carnivorous use these teeth to drill a hole in their victim's shell to allow the gastropod to eat the soft flesh within.
	www.paleodirect.com /ga-021.htm (506 words)

	Gastropod - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gastropod, any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, which includes snails and slugs.
		Periwinkle (gastropod), also winkle, common name applied to gastropod molluscs common on seashores around the world.
		Cowrie, small gastropod mollusc common to the tropical waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Gastropod.html (105 words)

	Gastropod Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gastropod's diversity is highly evident in its ecology.
		Estimates to the number of gastropod species run as high as 65,000, with 30,000 being marine, 5,000 living in fresh-water environments, and another 30,000 living terrestrially.
		Oceanic gastropods are most diverse in tropical habitats but are not uncommon in such extreme environments as arctic and subarctic coasts, as well as in deep-water hydrothermal vents.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Gastropoda/higgins_gast3.html (238 words)

	gastropod — Infoplease.com
		Gastropods and rostroconchs (Mollusca) from the Maxville Limestone (Upper Mississippian) in Ohio (1).
		Ecology of meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (nematoda), in white-tailed deer and terrestrial gastropods of Michigan's Upper......
		Salinity tolerance of larval rapana venosa: implications for dispersal and establishment of an invading predatory gastropod on the......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0820305.html (343 words)

	Digimorph - Athleta toumeyi (fossil gastropod)
		Gastropods (such as snails and slugs) are the most diverse group in the phylum Mollusca.
		While their body form is the least modified from the ancestral molluscan body plan (similar to a cap-like limpet form), they occupy the widest variety of habitats and have successfully infiltrated the plankton, intertidal zone, nearshore to abyssal marine, freshwater and terrestrial (modified lung to breathe air on land) realms.
		Curiously, some other molluscs (bivalves and other gastropods) are known to develop extreme callus on the parietal area of the shell.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Athleta_toumeyi (522 words)

	Digimorph - Athleta toumeyi (fossil gastropod)
		Gastropods (such as snails and slugs) are the most diverse group in the phylum Mollusca.
		While their body form is the least modified from the ancestral molluscan body plan (similar to a cap-like limpet form), they occupy the widest variety of habitats and have successfully infiltrated the plankton, intertidal zone, nearshore to abyssal marine, freshwater and terrestrial (modified lung to breathe air on land) realms.
		Curiously, some other molluscs (bivalves and other gastropods) are known to develop extreme callus on the parietal area of the shell.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Athleta_toumeyi (522 words)

	The Wet World of Sponges - Studies - Hermit Crabs - Introduction
		Until studies confirmed and incurred new insight, it was generally believed that hermit crabs were crabs that inhabited gastropod shells for the purpose of shelter and defense from predators.
		A gastropod shell commonly involved in this phenomena is that of snails.
		The gastropod may be alive, or its shell may be devoid of any living form.
	library.thinkquest.org /26502/level2/Studies/Hermit/intro.htm (499 words)

	NMITA Gastropod Diets Bibliography
		Feeding behaviour of the sessile gastropods Vermicularia pellucida and Stephopoma pennatum (Turritellidae, Vermiculariinae).
		Observations on the systematics and biology of a turrid gastropod assemblage in the British Virgin Islands.
		Predation of Pelecypods and Gastropods by Fasciolaria hunteria (Perry).
	nmita.geology.uiowa.edu /database/mollusc/gastdietbib.htm (3423 words)

	Gastropod Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com
		Gastropod (also called univalves) are a type of mollusk that have a single valve (a shell, which is sometimes reduced or even absent) and a muscular foot.
		The limpet is a marine invertebrate (a gastropod) with a flattened, cone-shaped shell.
		The Knobbed Whelk is a marine invertebrate with a spiral shell.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/gastropod/Gastropodprintouts.shtml (227 words)

	Modern insights on gastropod development: Reevaluation of the evolution of a novel body plan Integrative and ...
		The result has been a concept of gastropod torsion that I call the "rotation hypothesis." Under the rotation hypothesis, gastropods originated when all components of the visceropallium (shell, mantle, mantle cavity with contained structures, and viscera) rotated by 180° relative to the head and foot.
		The gastropod fossil record and the inventory of extant species tell us that gastropod mollusks are a stellar example of evolutionary diversification within a clade.
		The theory is known as gastropod torsion, or what I prefer to call the "rotation hypothesis." A description of the rotation hypothesis and a brief overview of its history follow.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200604/ai_n16123377 (752 words)

	Gastropod Movement
		Gastropod movement in the intertidal is the object of intrigue for many ecologists.
		Chapman (2000) has done a study comparing the movement of three intertidal gastropods and the only similarity found among the three species was that they were able to move greater distances on simple topographic sites than on complex topographic sites, and this was only determined after two weeks.
		The snails he studied, Bembicium, were generally found in association with oyster beds and he found that juvenile patterns of dispersal could be used to predict their movement, but since adults were less dependent on the shelter of the oysters these patterns could not be used to predict the movement of adults.
	www.clarku.edu /departments/biology/biol201/2002/LBrentner/gastropod_movement.htm (566 words)

	* Gastropod - (Animals): Definition
		Discussion This is the largest gastropod in our range, and one of the largest in the world.
		It feeds mainly on larger gastropods, such as the Tulip Shell, Lightning Whelk, and Lace Murex, and on the bivalve pen shells.
		Its prey may include insects and their larvae, bivalves, gastropods, freshwater crustaceans, and the like.
	en.mimi.hu /animals/gastropod.html (231 words)

	Gastropoda
		Aestivation - the state of dormancy some gastropods undertake to escape especially dry or hot periods; this may last up to 6 years in some desert species, with no intake of food or water.
		The material a gastropod's shell is made up of.
		Radula - a belt of serially arranged teeth in a gastropod's mouth, often replaced from the rear as front teeth are worn down.
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /gastropoda/glossary1.html (621 words)

	Gastropod Family Index
		Generally, the gastropods have an asymmetrically spiral shell, which functions as a portable retreat.
		Their body consists of a head, foot, visceral hump, and mantle.
		Nevertheless, extensive variations are found in the gastropod's basic body plan, chief among them being the loss of bilateral symmetry in the visceral organs.
	shells.tricity.wsu.edu /ArcherdShellCollection/Gastropods.html (537 words)

	Gastropod Restaurant
		Gastropod is a modern European restaurant that serves the best of seasonal products.
		The innovative dishes of Gastropod not only burst with unique and unexpected flavors and textures, they also dazzle the diners visually with the minimalist presentation.
		Although the cuisine is cutting edge in terms of technique, Gastropod pays tremendous amount of respect to traditional and classical cuisine.
	www.opentable.com /rest_profile.aspx?rid=7969 (241 words)

	Gastropod fast radiative transfer operator for satellite infrared sounders
		Gastropod is an Open Source Free Software Fortran 90 library of forward and gradient routines for fast radiative transfer calculations for the advanced infrared sounders.
		Gastropod was initially developed at The Met Office (UK).
		Gastropod regression coefficients are derived from the University of Maryland Baltimore County convolved transmittance database.
	gastro.sourceforge.net (306 words)

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