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Topic: Gastrotrich

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	Gastrotrichs. An introduction with photomicrographs.
		Gastrotrichs are small (most commonly 0.1 - 0.5mm) transparent creatures with about the same order of bodily complexity as rotifers and tardigrades, but sufficiently different from them to warrant a phylum of their own.
		Gastrotrichs are not quite as entertaining as rotifers and tardigrades, but almost.
		A gastrotrich in a field of filamentous algae.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/gastrot/gastro/gast0100.htm (221 words)

	Marine Phyla Pages
		Gastrotrichs are small (0.5mm to 4mm in length), generally colorless worms that are related to both nematodes and tubellarian flatworms.
		Gastrotrichs have a small brain and a pair of longitudinal nerves as well as various ciliary sense organs.
		Sperm is transferred from a functionally male gastrotrich to a functionally female one via a spermatophore.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/302/phyla/gastrotricha.htm (250 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Chaetonotus (Gastrotricha)
		The Chaetonotus genus is the largest gastrotrich that occurs in freshwater and can be found in plant-choked ditches and mossy ponds.
		Gastrotrichs are microscopic multicellular animals, ranging in size from 0.1 to 1.5 millimeters (0.004 to 0.06 inch).
		Like many other gastrotrichs, Chaetonotus is parthenogenetic, producing unfertilized eggs that, in turn, produce females.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/pondscum/gastrotrich/chaetonotus (228 words)

	The Skeptical Aquarist
		(Gastrotrich means "hairy belly:" the kind of scientific name that's handy for your dissing vocabulary.) They move rapidly on cilia, stretching and bending with the aid of some simple muscle fibers, as you can see in a video clip.
		I found my first gastrotrichs in the very first sample of Java Moss I put under the 'scope, but you'd also find them in the floc of fine sediments where they hunt bacteria and algal cells that they suck in by a rapidly pumping pharynx that you might mistake for a heart.
		Gastrotrichs develop from eggs, or they can produce thick-walled drought-resistant eggs that can remain dormant for long periods of time.
	www.skepticalaquarist.com /docs/invertebrates/targas.shtml (313 words)

	The Gastrotrichs (Phylum Gastrotricha)
		Gastrotrichs are small 0.5mm to 4mm in length, generally colourless worms that are related to both nematodes and tubellarian flatworms.
		They are free living in aquatic environments, either marine or freshwater and feed on a variety of living and dead organic matter, anything small enough to be swept into their mouths by the 4 tufts of beating cilia on the head.
		Most marine species are hermaphroditic possessing both male and female gonads, though only one set is functional at a time, so an individual is either functionally a female or functionally a male.
	www.earthlife.net /inverts/gastrotricha.html (537 words)

	Phylum Gastrotricha
		It is believed that this serves as an adaptation to particularly unstable sediment- since interstitial animals in sand, whether they are nematodes, loriciferans, gastrotriches, or kinorhyncs, tend to have knobby body walls or spines, or both.
		4) Gastrotriches have ventral cilia situated in distinct rows that are used for moving across a substratum.
		Like gastrotriches and rotifers, they may have a reduced pseudocoel due to their small size.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture17.htm (2789 words)

	Marine Phyla Pages
		Classification of the gnathostomulids is an area of conjecture, with a number of features being shared with the turbellarian flatworms, with whom they were formerly included.
		However, the presence of monociliate cells, and a cross-striated musculature is more indicative of cnidarian or perhaps gastrotrich affiliations.
		The most appealing line of argument is that the gnathostomulids form a missing link between the cnidarians and the turbellarians.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/302/phyla/gnathostomulida.htm (294 words)

	Phylogeny of Gastrotricha: a morphology-based framework of gastrotrich relationships -- Hochberg and Litvaitis 198 (2): ...
		Phylogeny of Gastrotricha: a morphology-based framework of gastrotrich relationships -- Hochberg and Litvaitis 198 (2): 299 -- The Biological Bulletin
		Phylogeny of Gastrotricha: a morphology-based framework of gastrotrich relationships
		gastrotrich systematics and phylogeny, we performed the first cladistic
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/abstract/198/2/299 (242 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Movie Gallery - Pond Life (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They are well known for their painful bites to humans and animals, but some species bite only other insects.
		Gastrotrichs - A group of aquatic invertebrates that live in both seawater and freshwater, gastrotrichs commonly inhabit stagnant waters and bottom muds.
		Chaetonotus - Chaetonotus is the largest freshwater gastrotrich and can be found in plant-choked ditches and mossy ponds.
	www.microscopyu.com.cob-web.org:8888 /moviegallery/pondscum (1613 words)

	Chaetonotus
		Chaetonotus is a gastrotrich an belongs to the phylum
		Gastrotrichs are found in the interstitial waters of fine sediments, or on overlying detritus.
		Most are less than a mm in length, although a few reach sizes up to 3mm.
	www.microscope-microscope.org /applications/pond-critters/animals/chaetonotus.htm (145 words)

	IngentaConnect Interrelationships of the Gastrotricha and their place among the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In order to best estimate the position of Gastrotricha among the Metazoa and to shed some light on the ingroup phylogenetic relationships, small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from 15 species of Chaetonotida (eight genera) and 28 species of Macrodasyida (26 genera) were included in an alignment of 50 metazoan taxa representing 26 phyla.
		Of the gastrotrich SSU rDNA sequences, eight are new and, along with published sequences represent eight families, including the five marine most speciose.
		The study highlights the problems in working with small species, the need for voucher specimens and the confused taxonomic status and membership of various gastrotrich families.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/zsc/2006/00000035/00000003/art00004 (429 words)

	Gastrotrich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		gastrotrich is a valid word in this word list.
		The word "gastrotrich" uses 11 letters: A C G H I O R R S T T.
		Words within gastrotrich not shown as it has more than seven letters.
	www.morewords.com /word/gastrotrich (202 words)

	USATODAY.com - Spit spares tongues, gastrotriches gulp microbes, cold fusion languishes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A gastrotrich, which is about as wide (50 micrometers) as the groove in a long-playing record.
		It's a tiny worm — a microscopic aquatic wormlike invertebrate — whose 400 species live in salt and fresh water and also on sandy seashores.
		A gastrotrich (meaning "hairy stomach") uses myriad hairs over its head and belly to glide, wriggle, and squirm, looking for food.
	usatoday.com /tech/columnist/aprilholladay/2004-06-18-wonderquest_x.htm (766 words)

	Sinclair Stammers - Micromacro Cinematography - Micro-organism photographs
		Photomicrograph of a Gastrotrich swimming between algal filaments magnification about 500x
		A large Gastrotrich from the River Teifi in West Wales.
		The name means "hairy stomach" as the ventral surface is covered in cilia which allow it to glide smoothly over objects such as algal filaments.
	www.micromacro.co.uk /micro_organisms/micro_organisms.htm (623 words)

	Worm Movies (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A gastrotrich swims into a tangle of pond debris; under phase contrast illumination at a magnification of 600x
		A gastrotrich swims through vegetation and debris in search of food; under darkfield illumination at a magnification of 600x
		A gastrotrich swims across the microscope field; under darkfield illumination at a magnification of 600x
	www.junglewalk.com.cob-web.org:8888 /video/Worm-movie.htm (644 words)

	Publications (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		First Record of Polymerurus (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Australia with the Description of a New Species from Queensland and of Cuticular Ultrastrucure in P.
		Hochberg, R. Musculature of the primitive gastrotrich Neodasys (Chaetonotida): functional adaptations to the interstitial environment and phylogenetic significance.
		Structure, Ultrastructure, and Function of the Terminal Organ of a Pelagosphera Larva (Sipuncula).
	www.sms.si.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /publications.htm (11235 words)

	Gastrotricha
		The Systematics Association and Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.
		The muscular system of Dactylopodola baltica and other macrodasyidan gastrotrichs in a functional and phylogenetic perspective.
		Diagram showing the major external features of a gastrotrich.
	tolweb.org /Gastrotricha (455 words)

	ZO 402 Guide to Scientific Names
		Scientific names are said to be "anglicized" when the endings are changed to English format.
		For example, the phylum name Gastrotricha becomes "gastrotrich" when anglicized, Gyraulidae becomes "gyraulid," and Coleoptera becomes "coleopteran."
		Anglicized names are treated the same as common names (see below).
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/zo403/scinames.html (1107 words)

	Longest and shortest life spans
		Q: Which animal has longest and which the shortest life span?
		The giant tortoise lives the longest, about 177 years in captivity, and the gastrotrich (a minute aquatic animal) lives the shortest
		This question brings up intriguing matters, such as: what is an animal, can we compare all animals together, when does life begin and end, what can we actually observe?
	www.wonderquest.com /LifeSpan-MaxMin.htm (505 words)

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