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Topic: Gastrula

Related Topics

Gastrulation

Morula

Cellular differentiation

Cell growth

Invagination

Blastocyst

Embryogenesis

Oocyte

Mammalian embryogenesis

Mesoderm

Developmental biology

Blastomere

Mitosis

Protostome

Embryo

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	ZFIN Gastrula Period Description
		DEL cells in both layers of the early shield distribute along the entire length of the AP axis, from the pericardial region, ventral to the head, to the end of the tail.
		Anteriorwards movement in the axial hypoblast of cells deriving from the shield is similarly remarkable: To form the hatching gland, located on the pericardium (on the yolk sac ventral to the head), prechordal plate cells must first move anteriorwards along the dorsal midline.
		This seems to be due to the presence dorsally of axial hypoblast, for sections through the gastrula reveal that the epiblast does not appear regionally distinctive until late in the gastrula period (Schmitz et al., 1993; R. Warga, unpublished observations).
	zfin.org /zf_info/zfbook/stages/gast.html (2151 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Gastrula
		gastrula The stage of embryonic development of an animal, following the blastula stage, at which distinct germ layers are present, the archenteron opens to the exterior by the blastopore, and gastrulation movements occur.
		At the end of the blastula stage, cells of the embryo are arranged in the form of a hollow ball.
		A Dictionary of Biology; 1/1/2004; 53 words; germ layers (primary germ layers) The layers of cells in an animal embryo at the gastrula stage, from which are derived the various organs of the animal's body.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Gastrula (1259 words)

	Gastrulation: From Cells To Embryo
		These regions of two embryos are cut out with eyebrow hair knives and sandwiched with their inner, deep surfaces together; these explants here were made of the dorsal 120 degree sector of the gastrula; larger explants consisting of the entire 360 degrees can also be made (giant explants).
		A timelapse recording of the vegetal region of the Ambystoma gastrula shows formation of the bottle cells and initial invagination and the subsequent involution of the involuting marginal zone.
		A high magnification timelapse movie of fluorescently labeled cells shows the initial epithelial state of the superficial mesodermal cells of the Ambystoma gastrula (right side), and their subsequent apical constriction, de-epithelialization and ingression to form mesenchymal cells (left side).
	www.gastrulation.org (3615 words)

	gastrula - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The gastrula phase of embryonic development is seen in all animals except the sponges.
		Gastrulation of a diploblast: The formation of germ layers from a (1) blastula to a (2) gastrula.
		Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis.
	encarta.msn.com /gastrula.html (150 words)

	Lab Practical Study Guide
		Early gastrula – The early gastrula is beginning to form the archenteron at the marginal zone of the embryo.
		You should be able to distinguish the difference between the archenteron and the blastoceol of a frog embryo in the early gastrula stage.
		You should also be able to identify the archenteron and the remnants of the blastopore.
	pages.cabrini.edu /ddunbar/Bio430/lab_practical_study_guide.htm (460 words)

	Gastrulation I
		When this occurs, the internal layer of cells formed (called the hypoblast or mesendoderm) are the cells which gives rise to the endoderm and mesoderm germ layers.
		The cells who remain on the outer surface of the gastrula become the epiblast (ectoderm).
		The cavity created by the invagination is called the gastrocoel or archenteron (primitive gut), whose opening at the vegetal pole is called the blastopore.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/gastrulation1.html (516 words)

	Sea Urchin Glossary
		Germ layers become distinguishable during late blastula/early gastrula stages of embryogenesis, and each gives rise to a characteristic set of tissues, the ectoderm to external epithelia and to the nervous system for example, although some tissues contain elements derived from two layers.
		In the original Keller sandwich, two such strips of tissue, containing both superficial and deep cells, are placed together such that their deep cells are in contact and their animal and vegetal ends are aligned.
		Vogt placed small vital dye marks on the surface of amphibian embryos at various stages of decelopment to studyt the movements and fates of various regions of the embryo.
	worms.zoology.wisc.edu /urchins/SUglossary.html (3265 words)

	LvNotch
		By the late gastrula (16 hours), when most of the SMCs have migrated away from the tip of the archenteron, apical LvNotch extended to the tip of this structure.
		Notably, throughout most of gastrulation the highest levels of apical LvNotch were distributed along one side of the archenteron, except in the last presumptive endoderm cells to invaginate, where LvNotch was expressed at high levels in a symmetric manner.
		At late gastrula all of these embryos had higher levels of apical LvNotch along the dorsal side of the presumptive endoderm.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/genomics/mirror/Urchin/u1notc.htm (1361 words)

	Gastrula
		English words defined with "gastrula": Archaeostomatous, archenteron ♦ Gastraea, Gastrulae, gastrulation, Germinal layers ♦ Planula ♦ segmentation cavity, Stomapoda.
		"Gastrula" is used about 4 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
		Words beginning with "gastrula": gastrulae, gastrular, gastrulas, gastrulate, gastrulated, gastrulates, gastrulating, gastrulation, gastrulations.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Ga/Gastrula.html (510 words)

	The Daily Californian
		In vertebrates, one of the most important steps in the development of embryos is the origination of the gastrula, which has three germ layers and permits the eventual creation of tissues.
		The UC Berkeley team studied the underlying controls governing the eventual formation of the gastrula, and found that the same control mechanism used in early development is also used in the later stages.
		They then studied what happened to the gastrula when the molecule was not functioning in its normal capacity.
	www.dailycal.org /printable.php?id=2503 (600 words)

	Hans Spemann - Nobel Lecture
		It is therefore possible, and W. Vogt did this to perfection by means of staining, to show in the blastula or early gastrula, as it were, a topography of the rudiments of the presumptive organs.
		Now, when random samples were taken from the whole surface of the gastrula and transplanted in this way in an indifferent place it became apparent that a limited area, namely the region of the upper and lateral blastopore lip did not conform.
		Now it could be that the substratum of the head also determines the brain character of the anterior end of the neural plate ("head-organizer") and the substratum of the trunk area determines the character of the spinal cord ("trunk-organizer").
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/spemann-lecture.html (4873 words)

	HpTa
		A distinct band was found at the mesenchymal blastula and gastrula stages, at which time the intensity of the band was maximal.
		At the early gastrula stage, the signals were found in cells of the invaginating tip of the vegetal plate or newly formed archenteron.
		At the late gastrula stage, the archenteron has almost reached the wall of the most anterior part of the oral ectoderm and some secondary mesenchyme cells have separated from the archenteron wall into blastocoel.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/genomics/mirror/Urchin/u1hpta.htm (510 words)

	27
		Gastrula: Further rearrangement of cells converts the blastula into a three-layered structure with a new cavity (archenteron) and is called gastrula.
		The developmental steps and stages in sexually reproducing animals are gametogenesis,cleavage, blastula and gastrula, followed by morphogenesis and organogenesis.
		Gastrula has the three germinal layers from which all tissues and organs are derived.
	www.nos.org /bio12/b4h27.1.htm (2518 words)

	Definition of Gastrula from dictionary.net
		They have a large and elongated abdomen, which contains a part of the stomach and heart; the abdominal appendages are large, and bear the gills.
		(Biol.) In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula.
		Define gastrula and 150,000 other words at dictionary.net
	www.dictionary.net /gastrula (176 words)

	Contribution of early cells to the fate map of the zebrafish gastrula -- Helde et al. 265 (5171): 517 -- Science
		Contribution of early cells to the fate map of the zebrafish gastrula -- Helde et al.
		Previously, a tissue-specific fate map was compiled for the gastrula stage of the zebrafish embryo, indicating that development subsequent to this stage follows a reproducible pattern.
		However, the final contribution that any early blastomere makes to the fate map in the gastrula cannot be predicted because of variability in both the position of the future dorsoventral axis with respect to the early cleavage blastomeres and the scattering of daughter cells as the gastrula is formed.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/265/5171/517 (546 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Evaluation of developmental phenotypes produced by morpholino antisense targeting of a sea ...
		The expression of 22 genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation was analyzed in the latter embryos by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
		However, in the gastrula-stage embryo the highest levels of SpRunt mRNA are found not in aboral ectoderm, but rather in oral ectoderm and endomesoderm, a spatial pattern that is essentially isomorphic with that of continued growth and cell proliferation [5].
		The data in Table 1 indicate that SpRunt is required for the expression of differentiation genes in each of the four major territories of the embryo (that is, oral ectoderm, aboral ectoderm, vegetal plate endomesoderm, and skeletogenic mesoderm).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/2/6 (4385 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Genomic analysis of Xenopusorganizer function
		Moreover, cluster 4 is largely comprised of genes involved in gastrula and neurula stage patterning of ventral, lateral, and posterior tissues – all tissue types that are repressed by organizer activity (Figure 5).
		Many of these are known gastrula patterning genes, including important organizer regulators such as Xnot [29] and cerberus [30], and ventral fate inducers that are repressed by organizer signaling, such as vent-2 [31], vox-1 (Xbr-1) [32], Xvex-1 [33].
		Moreover, genes that have no clear relationships to development were largely segregated from the known gastrula patterning genes (clusters 1 and 2, Figure 3), highlighting the value of combining a statistical test with hierarchical clustering.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-213X/6/27 (9471 words)

	Baker Lab Interests
		Although an incredibly rich source of cell signaling, the mouse gastrula has not been used by molecular biologists to mine for molecules.
		This is mainly due to the size (100 µm) and inaccessibility of the mouse gastrula, which therefore precludes the effective use of biochemistry, embryology and molecular assays in general.
		We have devised a screen that identifies molecules involved in cell-fate specification during mouse gastrulation.
	www.stanford.edu /group/bakerlab/interests.htm (190 words)

	Gallery of Echinoderm Larvae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When the eggs develop into a so-called gastrula you can see the anus being formed from the opening.
		This is quite amazing since in most multicellular creatures without a backbone the mouth is formed from this opening.
		Since all these gastrulas look alike it is not yet possible to determine whether this is becoming a starfish, sea-urchin of other echinoderm.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjul00/echino3.html (124 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| Zebrafish promoter microarrays identify actively transcribed embryonic genes
		Since the gastrula stage embryo expresses thousands of genes [32,33], using H3K4Me3 allows us both to confirm the usefulness of the technique and our microarray design and to identify those genes that are potentially actively transcribed in the embryo.
		Five out of the nine non-expressed genes in fact proved to be expressed at gastrula stages to varying degrees (Figure 3), which when extrapolated to all 15 genes leads to an apparent false-positive rate of approximately 9%.
		The gastrula stage embryo is sub-divided into three germ layers and many genes expressed in just one of these germ layers, or even in a subset of cells within a germ layer, were identified as being marked by H3K4Me3 at their 5' ends.
	genomebiology.com /2006/7/8/R71 (7330 words)

	Serial Transplantation of Embryonic Nuclei.
		In some clones all embryos were arrested at the gastrula stage, in others they displayed a fairly uniform set of deficiencies in post-gastrula development, and in a few clones almost all embryos developed normally throughout.
		Furthermore, within any given clone the development in the second and later generations were generally of the same type as that observed in the first generation.
		In three clones, all consisting of embryos arresting at early gastrula stage, a few small ring chromosomes were present.
	www.euchromatin.org /King01.htm (506 words)

	Sea Star Embryology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the late blastula stage a few cells on one side of the developing embryo begin to push into the blastocoel (8).
		When this process (gastrulation) becomes visible as an indentation, the developing embryo is termed a gastrula (9).
		At this time the gastrula transforms itself into a free swimming (via cilia bands) (18) and feeding larva (15).
	www.jburroughs.org /science/resources/SeaStarembryology/starfishembryology.html (382 words)

	[No title]
		List 3 differences between a blastula and a gastrula stage in the sea star.(3 pts) 4.
		During embryonic development, the amount of organic material in the embryo of the sea star (increases or stays the same).
		At the (blastula, gastrula, larva, juvenile) stage does the individual begin to eat and grow.
	www.geneseo.edu /~Bosch/EmbryoQuestions.doc (680 words)

	Animal Development (starfish), Laboratory Notes in BIO 1003 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This slide shows the early developmental stages from single cell through early gastrula.
		gastrula in which the surface pushes into the interior at a point called the blastopore to form a tube that will become the digestive system.
		In a gastrula the cells on the outside are ectoderm, those lining the inner tube are endoderm, and cells that migrate and multiply between these layers will become the mesoderm.
	faculty.baruch.cuny.edu /jwahlert/bio1003/development.html (257 words)

	Pharyngula: Basics: Gastrulation
		Cells divide repeatedly to generate a multicellular mass, but there isn't a lot of coordinated cell movements occurring, except that some sorting goes on into a mass or sheet on one side called the epiblast, and another called the hypoblast.
		The organizer is so called because it is a focal site that has the property of 'organizing' all the migrating tissues, with the inward moving cells making that longitudinal distribution of fates from anterior mesoderm to pre-chordal mesoderm to chordamesoderm, and specifying the fates of other tissues along the way.
		Transplanting just that patch of organizer tissue to other regions of the gastrula is enough to trigger additional whole body axes, making twinned amphibians.
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2007/02/basics_gastrulation.php (1734 words)

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