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Topic: Gastrulation

	Gastrulation
		Gastrulation includes a series of morphogenetic movements that re-arrange the animal embryo and and result in the establishment of the primary "germ layers" from which tissues will develop and differentiate.
		This time-lapse sequence of the dorsal lip formation during early gastrulation in Xenopus (seen from the vegetal pole) was taken by students of the Developmental Biology lab at the University of Utah.
		This time-lapse sequence of the gastrulation in Xenopus (seen from the vegetal pole) was taken by students of the Developmental Biology lab at the University of Utah.
	courses.biology.utah.edu /gard/development/Html/Images_movies/gastrulation.html (306 words)

	Gastrulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the beginning of vertebrate gastrulation, the embryo is a hollow ball of cells known as the blastula, with an animal pole and a vegetal pole.
		This epiboly is driven by the migration of nuclei and cytoplasm in the YSL and attachments between the YSL and the EVL.
		Gastrulation in mammals is similar to that in birds with the formation of the primitive streak and Hensen's node and the ingression of cells through the primitive groove to form the endoderm and the mesoderm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastrulation (1803 words)

	Chapter 14A. Gastrulation
		During gastrulation, cell movements result in a massive reorganization of the embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the blastula, into a multi-layered organism.
		Although the details of gastrulation differ between various groups of animals, the cellular mechanisms involved in gastrulation are common to all animals.
		During gastrulation in birds and mammals, epiblast cells converge at the midline and ingress at the primitive streak.
	biology.kenyon.edu /courses/biol114/Chap14/Chapter_14A.html (790 words)

	Gastrulation: From Cells To Embryo
		During gastrulation, the germ layers of an embryo are formed and the body plan of the mature organism is established.
		A detailed glossary of the language of embryology, a historical overview of the study of gastrulation, and a look at future research directions complete a volume that is essential for anyone interested in developmental biology, and is also a valuable source of information for scientists in other fields who study cell movement and differentiation.
		Gastrulation begins at the 26-cell stage with the ingression of the endodermal cells (asterisks), which move from the surface of the embryo into the interior before dividing.
	www.gastrulation.org (3615 words)

	twisted gastrulation
		The functions of various forms of the Dpp antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog) were examined using the discriminating assay of Drosophila wing development.
		Evidence is provided that Twisted gastrulation functions in the embryo to generate a Supersog-like activity, perhaps by modifying the enzymic activity of Tolloid, the enzyme that processes Sog (Yu, 2000).
		In any case, it is proposed that Supersog acts in the late blastoderm embryo or during early gastrulation stages rather than in the early blastoderm embryo, and that during this latter period, it is able to block the activity of a BMP not recognized by Sog (Yu, 2000).
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/torstoll/twistgas.htm (1550 words)

	Gastrulation in C. elegans
		The cell movements of gastrulation begin at the 26-cell stage when the two endodermal precursors, Ea and Ep, move from the surface of the embryo into a small interior cavity called the blastocoel (Sulston et al., 1983).
		Prior to the 26-cell stage, the embryo is organized as a hull of cells one cell in radius that is surrounded by a vitelline envelope and eggshell.
		Hypodermal cells are born on the dorsal surface of the embryo and migrate ventrally to encase the embryo in skin.
	www.wormbook.org /chapters/www_gastrulation/gastrulation.html (4293 words)

	Chapter 14. Gastrulation and Neurulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During gastrulation, cell movements result in a massive reorganization of the embryo from a simple spherical ball of cells, the blastula, into a multi-layered organism.
		Although the details of gastrulation differ between various groups of animals, the cellular mechanisms involved in gastrulation are common to all animals.
		During gastrulation in birds and mammals, epiblast cells converge at the midline and ingress at the primitive streak.
	www2.kenyon.edu /Depts/BioEllipse/courses/biol114/Chap14/Chapter_14.html (1610 words)

	Gastrulation I
		The process of gastrulation is affected, as was cleavage, by the amount and the distribution of yolk.
		During gastrulation, some of the cells from the surface of the embryo move to the interior and replicate, thereby forming new layers of cells.
		During microlecithal gastrulation, a blastula with a relatively large blastocoel is usually formed.
	www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/gastrulation1.html (516 words)

	gastrulation
		Gastrulation has been celled "the most important time of your life" (Lewis Wolpert); without it you would be flat like a pancake!
		It is the process by which the simple structure of the blastula is transformed into the complex, 3-dimensional structure of the basic body plan by a series of cell shape changes and rearrangements.
		models depicting sequential stages of gastrulation of a particular organism (sea urchin, chordate, fish, amphibian, chick or mouse) using the colored clay that is available.
	www.swarthmore.edu /NatSci/sgilber1/DB_lab/Course/gastrulation.html (359 words)

	Xenopus Sprouty2 inhibits FGF-mediated gastrulation movements but does not affect mesoderm induction and patterning -- ...
		Djiane, A., Riou, J., Umbhauer, M., Boucaut, J., and Shi, D. Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis.
		Rossant, J., Ciruna, B., and Partanen, J. FGF signaling in mouse gastrulation and anteroposterior patterning.
		Sun, X., Meyers, E.N., Lewandoski, M., and Martin, G.R. Targeted disruption of Fgf8 causes failure of cell migration in the gastrulating mouse embryo.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/15/9/1152 (7532 words)

	Chapter 14. Gastrulation and Neurulation
		Mammalian neurulation is similar to that of birds, however the bulky anterior neural plate seems to resist closure - the middle of the tube closes first, followed by both ends.
		You should recognize the beginning of the film from our discussion of gastrulation.
		The open neural plate on the dorsal side has formed by the time the blastopore closes.
	biology.kenyon.edu /courses/biol114/Chap14/Chapter_14.html (1610 words)

	Gastrulation: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Gastrulation is a crucial time in the development of multicellular animals.
		The basic body plan is established, including the physical construction of the rudimentary primary body axes.
		As a result of the movements of gastrulation, cells are brought into new positions, allowing them to interact with cells that were initially not near them.
	worms.zoology.wisc.edu /frogs/gast/gast_intro.html (96 words)

	The Panda's Thumb: Haeckel on gastrulation
		Yet only after cleavage and gastrulation does a vertebrate embryo reach the stage that Haeckel labeled the “first.” If it were true (as Darwin and Haeckel claimed) that vertebrates are most similar in their earliest stages, then the various classes would be most similar during cleavage and gastrulation.
		As a consequence of this the embryo, even when the parent-form undergoes a great amount of modification, is left only slightly modified; and the embryos of widely-different animals which are descended from a common progenitor remain in many important respects like each other and their common progenitor.
		In all other extent Vertebrates these fundamental processes have been more or less modified by adaptation to the conditions of embryonic development (especially by changes in the food yolk); they exhibit various cenogenetic forms of the formations of the germlayers, and thus develop by means of a metagastrula.
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2006/11/haeckel_on_gast.html (1393 words)

	Essential role of MARCKS in cortical actin dynamics during gastrulation movements -- Iioka et al. 164 (2): 169 -- The ...
		regulating gastrulation movements is mesendoderm extension (Davidson et al., 2002).
		Mesendoderm extension and mantle closure in Xenopus laevis gastrulation: combined roles for integrin alpha(5)beta(1), fibronectin, and tissue geometry.
		Coactivation of Rac and Rho by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/164/2/169 (3244 words)

	Definition of gastrulation - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "gastrulation" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "gastrulation" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "gastrulation" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=gastrulate (36 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tsg can promote the dissociation of chordin cysteine-rich-containing fragments from the ligand to inhibit BMP signalling [1, 2].
		Mason E.D. Konrad K.D. Webb C.D. Marsh J.L. Dorsal midline fate in Drosophila embryos requires twisted gastrulation, a gene encoding a secreted protein related to human connective tissue growth factor.
		Ross J.J. Shimmi O. Vilmos P. Petryk A. Kim H. Gaudenz K. Hermanson S. Ekker S.C. O'connor M.B. Marsh J.L. Twisted gastrulation is a conserved extracellular BMP antagonist.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR006761 (199 words)

	C. elegans Gastrulation Movies
		Movies of gastrulation of the endodermal precursor cells from:
		Mechanisms of cell positioning during C. elegans gastrulation
		Ea and Ep, the endoderm precursors, sink in towards the center of the embryo.
	www.bio.unc.edu /faculty/goldstein/lab/gastr.html (91 words)

	Entwicklungsbiologie - Die Gastrulation und ihre Grundbewegungen
		Während der Gastrulation wandern Einzelzellen oder ganze Zellverbände im Embryo an bestimmte Positionen, an denen später die entsprechenden Organe/Strukturen ausgebildet werden.
		Bei Ersteren entwickelt sich der Urmund (Anfang der Gastrulation) zum späteren Mund, bei Letzteren bildet der Urmund den späteren After.
		Der Ablauf der Gastrulation ist innerhalb der Eumetazoa z.T. sehr unterschiedlich, dennoch liegen ihm fünf Grundbewegungen zugrunde:
	www.dev-biologie.de /grundlagen/gastrulation/gastrulation.htm (350 words)

	CiteULike: Alan's gastrulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Recent papers added to Alan's library classified by the tag gastrulation.
		Comparison of the expression patterns of several fibroblast growth factors during chick gastrulation and neurulation.
		posted to fgf18 gastrulation neurulation by Alan as
	www.citeulike.org /user/Alan/tag/gastrulation (51 words)

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