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	Gathas
		Gathas are short verses that help us practice mindfulness in our daily activities.
		A gatha can open and deepen our experience of simple acts which we often take for granted.
		Gathas are nourishment for our mind, giving us peace, calmness and joy which we can share with others.
	www.plumvillage.org /practice/gathas.htm (219 words)

	The Gathas ("Hymns") of Zarathushtra
		Ahunavaiti Gatha (Y28, Y29, Y30, Y31, Y32, Y33, Y34)
		The importance of the Gathas to Zoroastrianism cannot be emphasized enough.
		The Gathas are also filled with word plays and deliberate ambiguities, and they were likely intended to be used by initiates as meditative instruments to enlightenment (ibid pg.
	www.avesta.org /gathas.htm (333 words)

	Iranica.com - GATHAS
		This obviously reflects the Gatha interpretation by the priests of the Sasanian period, the general view of which is closer to the original than what is somtimes taught about the Gathas in our time.
		The avalanche of emendations of the transmitted text, released by Fredrich Carl Andreas (q.v.) and which was absolutely unsuited to cope with the difficulties of the Gathas, dominated Gatha scholarship untill the middle of the 20th century.
		In the Gathas, the ethical quality aæáa- is not only a manifestation of human piety and divine mercy, but it is also an immaterial or material aspect of the offerings made to Ahura Mazda@; by the pious and the boons received by them from him in recompense.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v10f3/v10f3112a.html (4437 words)

	Zoroastrianism - MSN Encarta
		The doctrines preached by Zoroaster are preserved in his metrical Gathas (psalms), which form part of the sacred scripture known as the Avesta.
		The basic tenets of the Gathas consist of a monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda (the “Lord Wisdom”) and an ethical dualism opposing Truth (Asha) and Lie, which permeate the entire universe.
		The Gathas and the Seven Chapters form part of the larger liturgy called the Yasna, the remainder of which is composed in another, closely related, dialect.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558789/Zoroastrianism.html (730 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Gathas
		The Gathas (GÄÎ¸Äs) are the most sacred of the texts of the Zoroastrian faith, and are traditionally believed to have been composed by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) himself.
		The Gathas are in verse, metrical in the nature of ancient Indo-Iranian religious poetry, which is extremely terse, and in which grammatical constructs are an exception.
		The language of the Gathas, Gathic or Old Avestan, belongs to the old Indo-Iranian language group which is a sub-group of Eastern families of the Indo-European languages.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Gathas (815 words)

	The Zoroastrian Gathas
		The Gathas as a text are the metrical compositions ascribed to Prophet Zarathushtra himself.
		The division of Gathas in five groups is on the basis of their metre, and not on the basis of its contents or subject matter.
		To sum up, although the Gathas are a very important component of the sacred scriptures of the Zoroastrians, there are a lot of things, which they do not allude to due to the intrinsic nature of their content matter and composition.
	www.zawa.asn.au /religion-05.shtml (1876 words)

	ooBdoo
		The most important portion, the Gathas, in Gathic Avestan, are the hymns thought to have been composed by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) himself, and dates linguistically to around 1000 BCE.
		The Book of Arda Viraf, a work composed in the 3rd or 4th century CE, suggests that the Gathas and some other texts that were incorporated into the Avesta had previously existed in the palace library of the Achaemenid kings (648–330 BCE).
		The Gathas are structurally interrupted by the Yasna Haptanghāiti ("seven-chapter Yasna"), which makes up chapters 35-42 of the Yasna and is almost as old as the Gathas, consists of prayers and hymns in honour of the Supreme Deity, Ahura Mazda, the Angels, Fire, Water, and Earth.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Avesta (1908 words)

	The Gathas The Hymns of Zarathushtra
		The Gathas are the hymns composed by Zarathushtra, the Prophet or the founder of the religion of ancient Iran, who lived around 1700 BCE.
		The language of the Gathas is one belonging to the old Indo-Iranian group which was part of the Eastern families of the Indo-European languages.
		Life after death in the Gathas is viewed as a state, the character of which is a consequence of the moral quality of one's life.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/Zarathushtrian/gathas_the_hymns_of_zarathushtra.htm (4349 words)

	Teachings
		The basic tenets of the Gathas consist of a monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda (the "Lord Wisdom") and an ethical dualism opposing Truth (Asha) and Lie, which permeate the entire universe.
		The Gathas and the Seven Chapters form part of the larger liturgy called the Yasna, the remainder of which is composed in another, closely related, dialect.
		The Gathas are abstract sacred poetry, directed towards the worship of the One God, understanding of righteousness and cosmic order, promotion of social justice and individual choice between good and evil.
	shiraz.freeservers.com /zr4.htm (1790 words)

	Mindfulness Gathas from 'Beginning Mindfulness' by Andrew Weiss -- Beliefnet.com
		Gathas are small poems designed to help us in meditation practice, whether we are sitting, walking, or slicing potatoes.
		A gatha accomplishes several aims: It occupies our thinking; it sets a direction for our practice at that moment; and, if used correctly, it helps us to be mindful of our breathing.
		Each gatha encourages mindfulness and also seeks to awaken us to the true nature of the world as it is contained in that action.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/140/story_14066_1.html (414 words)

	Cappuccino \| Persian Online Magazine \| Zarathushtra and His Religion
		The language of the Gathas, as well as the text known as Yasna Haptanghaiti (the Seven Chapter Sermon), is called “Old Avestan” and is significantly different and more archaic than the language of the other parts of the Avesta, “Young Avestan”.
		Furthermore, a look at the Gathas and their composition shows us that the society in which they were composed was a nomadic society that lived at a time prior to settlement in large urban areas and depended greatly on pastoralism.
		However, everything in the Gathas points us to conclude that Zarathushtra was born in a pastoral society of the Bronze Age and lived somewhere in the steppes of eastern Caspian or Transoxiana in the court of a major chief called Kavi Wishtaspa.
	www.cappuccinomag.com /iranologyenglish/001414.shtml (2443 words)

	KEO - RELIGION
		The Gathas are in the Gothic dialect of the Avesta language.
		The original concept of good and evil in the Gathas is a moral duo, which is understood as having imaginary twins on good and bad thoughts, words, and deeds.
		Gathas do not state that the two mentalities, good and bad, are engaged in a conflict or war.
	www.kurdistanica.com /english/religion/articles/rel-articles-02.html (4317 words)

	Manual of Zen Buddhism: I. Gathas and Prayers
		Gatha is a Sanskrit term meaning "verse" or "hymn".
		The gathas collected here are not exclusively those of the Zen sect; some belong to general Buddhism.
		For the sake of the second half of this gatha the Buddha is said to have been willing to sacrifice his own life.
	www.sacred-texts.com /bud/mzb/mzb01.htm (1203 words)

	JODO SHU English
		Eika (go-eika) are verses or gathas of praise composed in a 31 syllable (tanka) form of 5-7-5-7-7.
		These gathas originally were written in Chinese characters from Chinese compositions, but were popularized in Japanese script among the common people of Japan as Buddhist gathas of praise composed in a 7-5 rhythm.
		Gathas of the Buddha's teachings and gathas of praise influenced the establishment of individual temples in the middle ages, and it is thought that practice of one eika for every grave site comes from the beginning of the Edo era (1600-1868).
	www.jodo.org /teachings/hymns.html (892 words)

	Gathas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Gathas (GÄÎ¸Äs) are the most sacred of the texts of the Zoroastrian faith, and are traditionally believed to have been composed by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) himself.
		The Gathas are in verse, metrical in the nature of ancient Indo-Iranian religious poetry, which is extremely terse, and in which grammatical constructs are an exception.
		The language of the Gathas, Gathic or Old Avestan, belongs to the old Indo-Iranian language group which is a sub-group of Eastern families of the Indo-European languages.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FGathas (735 words)

	Culture of Iran
		Gathas are inspired passionate utterances many addressed directly to God and their poetic form is the most ancient in Iranian literary works.
		In the Gathas he calls himself a ‘zaotar’ a fully qualified priest and a ‘manthra’, one able to compose ‘manthra’ (Sanskrit mantra), inspired utterances of power.
		In Gathas and in later Pahlavi works it is mentioned that he was thirty when revelation came to him.
	www.cultureofiran.com /zoroastrianism.php (5611 words)

	Dualism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The two principles in the Gatha passages are described in what we would now call "psychological" language: the better and the bad in thoughts, words and deeds, worst mind and best mind, wrongful and progressive.
		In the Gathas, the mythical elements are muted in favor of abstract moral philosophy and worship.
		Though Zarathushtra did contemplate pairs of opposites in the natural world in his Gathas (light and darkness, sleep and waking, night and day, in Yasna 44) the only true Zoroastrian dualism, whether in the Ethical or the Cosmic view, is the dualism of Good and Evil.
	www.sullivan-county.com /z/dualism.htm (5449 words)

	Webindia123.com-Religion of India-Zoroastrianism-Parsi Scripture
		This is the gist of the fourth Gatha, the 'Vohu Kshathra'.
		The fifth Gatha, the 'Vahishtoishti', is the gatha of fulfillment where in a series of admonitions are laid down for men to follow.
		The Gathas were written when Zarathushtra was meditating in a mountain probably Demavand whereas other Avesta were written by his disciples in Eastern Iran.Yashts which is long poems of praise and Nyaeshes which is shorter poems of praise were composed during this period.
	www.webindia123.com /religion/zoroast/script.htm (537 words)

	WOMAN IN THE GATHAS AND THE LATER AVESTA
		The Gathas and supplementary texts in the Gathic dialect are explicit on the subject.
		The male yazatas, Tishtrya and Verethraghna, both pre-Zarathushtrian gods, bar "the robber, the jahi, the person who does not chant the Gathas, and the antagonist to this religion which is divine and Zarathushtrian" from partaking their libations.
		However, while the Gathas show that a woman chose her husband through sound consultations, the Vendidad reveals that it was the father or the brother who gave away the girl to a righteous man seeking wife.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/Zarathushtrian/woman_in_the_gathas.htm (4396 words)

	gathas
		These 'Gathas' are ways both to practice formal meditation, as well as tools to bring the spirit of meditation and mindfulness into everyday life and action.
		We often hear from people who may have been meditating for a while that at first the practice of gathas seemed to be simplistic and superficial.
		Some of these gathas go back centuries to the monastic practice of China and Vietnam; some were created recently at Manzanita Village and elsewhere.
	www.manzanitavillage.org /articles/gathas.html (610 words)

	An Annotated Bibliography on Zoroastrian Studies
		The Gatha is the oldest portion of the Yasna (Yajna) section of the Avesta, and being the composition of Zarathushtra himself, is also the most sacred portion.
		Gathas or the Hymns of Atharvan Zarathushtra; Gujarati tr.
		Based on arranged texts from the Avesta with a new rendering of the Gathas, held to be original scriptures of the great Prophet of Iran, with a brief introduction on the life and work of the Prophet.
	ignca.nic.in /bibzs002.htm (4324 words)

	Zoroastrian Identity California Zoroastrian Center
		Gathas de Zoroastre, un recueil d’hymnes et de chants qui répandent des paroles de sagesse et de méditation proclamées par le fondateur d’une religion née il y a environ 4000 ans.
		Gathas sont le nom donné aux chants de méditation d’Ashu Zarathustra, constituant les fondements de la religion zoroastrienne.
		Les Gathas nous disent que le bien et le mal sont les deux forces qui s’opposent dans le monde, et souvent, le produit de l’esprit humain.
	www.californiazoroastriancenter.org /z_identity_fr.htm (2470 words)

	PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION by Dr. Helmuth von Glasenapp
		There also exist a Commentary on the Gathas, Balavabodhas written in Gujarati by Maticandra, Yasahsoma 1* and his pupil Jayasoma, which is printed in the collection Prakaranaratnakara (Bombay, Samvat 1937) Vol.
		The most important commentary appears to be that by Malayagiri 3 (according to Kielhorn in the 12th century A.D.), 4 which in the edition employed is added to the text; here the number of the gathas is 75.
		The variation in the number of the verses shows that this book has been the object of extensive activity on the part of commentators, so that it is to be supposed that divergence between the views of different teachers has taken in it particularly acute forms.
	www.jainworld.com /jainbooks/images/24/PREFACE_TO_THE_GERMAN_EDITI.htm (1535 words)

	New Page 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The modern estimate of Zarathushtra's date is anywhere from 1500 to 1000 B.C.E. The basic scripture of Zoroastrianism is a set of 5 poetic songs called the "Gathas", which were composed by Zarathushtra himself and have been preserved through the millennia by Zoroastrian priests.
		The Gathas are still the core text of the faith.
		In the Gathas Spenta Mainyu, the "Holy Creative Spirit," is opposed to Angra Mainyu, the Hostile Spirit.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /zor.htm (899 words)

	What are the Gathas? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Gathas are the hymns composed by the Prophet Zarathushtra himself.
		The Gathas consist of 17 songs and 241 stanzas.
		The Gathas are the only sacred part of the Avesta (the Zoroastrian scripture) because they are Prophet Zarathushtra’s actual words.
	www.zoroastriankids.com /gathas1.html (48 words)

	Gathas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It will take the Gathas and their Supplements -- the "Stot Yasn" – plus the extant "thought-provokers" in the Later Avesta.
		It is meaning the stanza carries which is of high importance.
		The daily posting of one stanza is an easy way of understanding and comprehending the Gathas.
	www.zoroastrian.org /GathaSongs/index.htm (191 words)

	Zoroaster Zarathustra - Crystalinks
		As the linguists of both Europe and India worked on the Gathas, however, it became clear that the language of the Gathas attributed to Zarathushtra was far older than the language spoken in Iran at the time of King Darius' father.
		But the last Gatha is composed for the marriage of Zarathushtra's daughter Pouruchista (Full of Wisdom) so he is known to have had at least one child.
		Unlike Mohammed's recitation of the Koran, the Gathas of Zarathushtra are not "channeled" - that is, the Gathas are regarded as the inspired composition of a poet-prophet rather than a text dictated by a heavenly being.
	www.crystalinks.com /z.html (3427 words)

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