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Topic: Gaul

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Transalpine Gaul

Gallia Lugdunensis

First century BC

Gallia Cisalpina

Cisalpine Gaul

Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Transalpina

Gallic wars

Gallia Belgica

Bellovaci

Gallic Empire

Gallia Aquitania

Helvetian War

Gaulish language

Gallo Roman

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	GAUL: Genetic Algorithm Utility Library
		The Genetic Algorithm Utility Library (or, GAUL for short) is a flexible programming library designed to aid in the development of applications that use genetic, or evolutionary, algorithms.
		The GAUL project is a member of the AI foundry.
		GAUL is still under heavy development, and therefore is unlikely to be bug free.
	gaul.sourceforge.net (627 words)

	Gaul - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		GAUL, the modern form of the Roman Gallia, the name of the two chief districts known to the Romans as inhabited by Celtic-speaking peoples, (a) Gallia Cisalpina (or Citerior, " Hither"), i.e.
		According to this authority, Gaul was at that time divided among three peoples, more or less distinct from one another, the Aquitani, the Gauls, who called themselves Celts, and the Belgae.
		By nature it is a sun-steeped southern region, the home of the vine and olive, of the minstrelsy of the Provençal and the exuberance of Tartarin, distinct from the colder and more sober north.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gaul (1643 words)

	Gaul - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin Gallia, Greek Galatia) is the region of Western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river.
		Besides the Gauls living on the territory of modern-day France, there were the Lepontii who had settled in the plains of northern Italy (Gallia Cisalpina), and the Helvetii who settled to the north of the alps, in Raetia.
		The Dying Gaul, an ancient Roman marble copy of a lost ancient Greek statue, thought to have been executed in bronze, that was commissioned some time between 230 BC-220 BC by Attalos I of Pergamon to honor his victory over the Galatians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaul (652 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christian Gaul
		The firm establishment of Christianity in Gaul was undoubtedly due to missionaries from Asia.
		The evangelization of Gaul has often been attributed to missionaries sent from Rome by St. Clement--a theory, which has inspired a whole series of fallacious narratives and forgeries, with which history is encumbered.
		Martin, a native of Pannonia, Bishop of Tours, and founder of monasteries, undertook especially in Central Gaul a crusade against this rural idolatry.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06395b.htm (2772 words)

	Christian Gaul
		The evangelization of Gaul has often been attributed to missionaries sent from Rome by St. Clement--a theory, which has inspired a whole series of fallacious narratives and forgeries, with which history is encumbered.
		Episcopal sees of Gaul were often objects of competition and greed, and were rapidly becoming the property of certain aristocratic families, all of whose representatives in the episcopate were not as wise and upright as Germanus of Auxerre or Sidonius Apollinaris.
		The Franks, soon to be masters of all Gaul, left the neighbourhood of Tournai, defeated Syagrius in 486, and established their power as far as the Loire.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/gaul,christian.html (3047 words)

	Gaul
		The Gaul in Italy was called Cisalpine Gaul [Cisalpine, from Lat.=on this side the Alps], as opposed to Transalpine Gaul; Cisalpine Gaul was divided into Cispadane Gaul [on this side the Po] and Transpadane Gaul.
		In Roman Gaul it often became customary to call the chief center of a tribe or the country around it by some form of the tribe’s name.
		The greatest testimony to the stability and thoroughness of the culture of Roman Gaul is the survival of the Latin language as French.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/G/Gaul.html (501 words)

	Gaul
		Gaul (Latin Gallia), ancient Roman designation of that portion of western Europe which is substantially identical with France, although extending beyond the boundaries of the modern country.
		It was bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Pyrenees Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, on the north by the English Channel, and on the east by the Alps and the Rhine River.
		The last Roman outposts in Gaul capitulated to the Frankish king Clovis I in 486, and the foundations of a new empire were laid in the Merovingian dynasty, inaugurating the beginning of medieval Europe.
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/AncientHistory/gaul.htm (693 words)

	Family Ancestry Vikings Gaul
		Gaul is a region in Western Europe that consists of Belgium, Italy, France, Switzerland, as well as the Netherlands and Germany.
		Western Francia, or Gaul, is the one that is most affected by the Viking raids during this period of the Viking Age.
		The Viking raids in Gaul resulted to the destruction of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century.
	www.family-ancestry.co.uk /history/vikings/gaul (289 words)

	August Gaul (1869-1921) - sculptor of animals - mentor of Georg Kolbe and Ernst Barlach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Georg August Gaul was born on 22nd October 1869 in Grossauheim in the county of Hanau.
		Gaul's first independent work in the public sphere was the Cygnet Fountain in Krefeld, which was erected at the end of 1905.
		Gaul found a committed sponsor in Alfred Lichtwark, the Hamburg museum director, who bought ten Gaul bronzes for the Hamburg Kunsthalle in 1906/07, including the Lion and the Eagle; this was the largest museum purchase during Gaul's lifetime.
	www.museen-hanau.de /Gaul/texte/biogr-en.htm (3485 words)

	GAUL: Genetic Algorithm Utility Library
		This version of GAUL is freely distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, which in essence means that you can obtain it for free, and pass it to your friends with, or without, modifications.
		Consequently, GAUL may be licensed under alternative terms on an individual case-by-case basis by contacting the author at gaul@linux-domain.com.
		GAUL is entirely composed of simple and portable C. The distribution's directory structure is fairly straightforward.
	gaul.sourceforge.net /faq.html (1069 words)

	Gaul
		Gaul is the picture of a 'bot whose life has not turned out at all the way he had intended it to.
		Gaul tends to befriend most people under is command but is noticeably hard on smart Alecs and people that challenge his authority.
		Gaul also takes a great time in planning missions and often writes out a whole plan on what to be accomplished.
	www.angelfire.com /rpg/Maximals/gaul.html (971 words)

	Charly Gaul dies at 72
		Gaul was hospitalized after a fall at his home in Itzig, 10km outside Luxembourg City, and died shortly before noon from a pulmonary embolism.
		Gaul did win the stage 8 time trial (by seven seconds over Anquetil), but by the time the Tour had crossed the Pyrenees, with a week of the race remaining, Gaul was down in 10th place.
		Gaul would race as a pro for another seven years, winning a second Giro in 1959 (by 6:12 over Anquetil thanks to a brilliant solo break on the penultimate stage), but the 1958 Tour victory remained his career highlight.
	www.velonews.com /race/int/articles/9244.0.html (1719 words)

	[No title]
		The councils of the church in sixth century Gaul suggest that the appointment of bishops was largely an in-house affair of the church.
		The status of the legislation of the church in sixth century Gaul is therefore similar to the status of law in other parts of the ancient world: it is a very misleading guide as to what actually took place.
		Although Esus was worshipped in many parts of Gaul, he appears to have been the eponymous god of the Esuvii of northwest Gaul, on the English Channel, coextensive with the modern French Department of Calvados.
	www.lycos.com /info/gaul.html (683 words)

	FV Gaul
		The original Formal Inquiry in 1974 concluded that the most likely reason for her loss was that she was capsized by a succession of heavy seas (ie very large waves) and was unable to right herself.
		Relatives of the crew were reluctant to accept the inquiry findings because Gaul was one of the most modern ships in the UK fishing fleet, only 18 months old, and in 1975 a TV programme claimed she had been sunk while engaging in espionage.
		The report dimissed the notion that Gaul was involved in espionage or that she was in a collision and found that she was not fishing at the time of her loss, meaning no snagging occurred.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/FV_Gaul (866 words)

	Gaul - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		He is the best ancient source on Gaul, and he has immortalized its three ethnic divisions, Aquitania (S of the Garonne), Celtic Gaul (modern central France), and Belgica (very roughly Belgium).
		The Gauls, de Gaulle, the Gall: the story told of Franco-American friendship is a nice story.
		Gaul to seek changes in county bond fund operation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Gaul.html (822 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Gallic Wars by Julius Caesar
		Unless there was some aid in Caesar and the Roman people, the Gauls must all do the same thing that the Helvetii have done, [viz.] emigrate from their country, and seek another dwelling place, other settlements remote from the Germans, and try whatever fortune may fall to their lot.
		Caesar, on being informed of these things, cheered the minds of the Gauls with his words, and promised that this affair should be an object of his concern, [saying] that he had great hopes that Ariovistus, induced both by his kindness and his power, would put an end to his oppression.
		As to his leading over a host of Germans into Gaul, that he was doing this with a view of securing himself, not of assaulting Gaul: that there was evidence of this, in that he did not come without being invited, and in that he did not make war, but merely warded it off.
	classics.mit.edu /Caesar/gallic.1.1.html (5317 words)

	50 years later: Remembering Charly Gaul's great ride
		Gaul's first major victory came in May 1954 at the now defunct Circuit des Six Provinces, when he won a stage over the Croix du Chabouret climb into St. Étienne (over the same climb that Floyd Landis rode away from the Paris-Nice field this spring).
		By the time Gaul reached the wet streets of Trento, at that foot of the 14km ascent to the ridge-like summit of Monte Bondone, the frail-looking 23-year-old climber was looking strong enough to win the stage and perhaps take over the pink jersey.
		Gaul had to have his clothes cut from his frigid body before he was immersed in a hot bath at his hotel.
	www.velonews.com /race/int/articles/9906.0.html (894 words)

	Gaul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gaul was the ancient designation for the land south and west of the Rhine, west of the Alps, and north of the Pyrenees.
		Gauls first ran into the Romans in 387 B.C. when it is said that they invaded Rome.
		The Gauls split into 3 groups, one of which marched in Macedonia under the command of Bolgios, possibly a Belgian, and crushed the army of Ptolemy Keraunos.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/325166 (561 words)

	Gaul to the Rubicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yet, while fighting the Gauls on the one hand with a celerity and ruthlessness that kept Gaul peacefully within the Empire for the next 400 years, he was ever mindful of his strengthening political foes in Rome itself.
		Caesar captured Avaricum; was forced to abandon the siege of Gergovia with heavy losses; was victorious in the neighborhood of Dijon; and finally surrounded Vercingetorix and much of his army in Alesia, fighting off the combined Celtic levies attempting to relieve him in one of the most brilliant sieges in history.
		Curio, whose latest move was to suggest that both Pompey and Caesar lay down their commands, forced a vote in the Senate, which fell resoundingly in favor of peace; by a vote of 370 to 22, it was agreed that both proconsuls should retire.
	heraklia.fws1.com /gaul_to_rubicon (2568 words)

	Gaul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river.
		Besides the Gauls of modern-day France, Gauls had settled in the plains of northern Italy, in the province Romans knew as Gallia Cisalpina ("Gaul this side of the Alps") and Venetia et Istria.
		Roman rule in Gaul was established by Julius Caesar, who defeated the Celtic tribes in Gaul 58-51 BC and described his experiences in De Bello Gallico, which means About the Gallic War.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/Gaul.htm (425 words)

	Gaul to the Rubicon
		He brought, for better or worse, the Celtic tribes of "Long-haired Gaul" firmly into the Roman Empire: with minor rebellions, Gaul would become and remain one of the bastions of Roman culture in the West.
		Yet, while fighting the Gauls on the one hand with a celerity and ruthlessness that kept Gaul peacefully within the Empire for the next 400 years, he was ever mindful of his strengthening political foes in Rome itself.
		Caesar was not sent north by the Senate to make war against Gaul (a point his enemies never ceased to emphasize) but to govern the settled part of the territory.
	web.mac.com /heraklia/Caesar/gaul_to_rubicon/index.html (1690 words)

	Gallia - Province of the Roman Empire
		He treated the Gauls generously, leaving their cities with a significant measure of autonomy, and thus secured the allegiance of Gallic soldiers in his civil wars against Pompey in 49-45.
		The country was divided into four provinces: Narbonensis, Aquitania to the west and south of the Loire, Celtica (or Lugdunensis) in central France between the Loire and the Seine, and Belgica in the north and east.
		Gaul primarily a bastion of Romanization throughout its history, but eventually fell to the pressures of Germanic migrations.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/gallia.php (1869 words)

	Search Results for "Gaul"
		...A section of ancient Gaul south and east of the Alps in present-day Italy....
		Gaul, Alfred Robert, (gol) (KEY), 1837-1913, English composer.
		Amadis de Gaule (amades´ d gol) (KEY), famous prose romance of chivalry, first composed in Spain or Portugal and probably based...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Gaul (283 words)

	Athena Review 1,4: Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul
		The rest of Gaul, however, remained on a pre-state level, and were among those termed "Barbarians" by the Greeks and Romans.
		Having begun in central Gaul, in the territory of the Carnutes, rebellion quickly spread to the borders of Transalpina.
		Caesar reports that the Gauls were "extremely devoted to superstitious rites" and that many human sacrifices were conducted, generally according with Strabo's accounts: "...they who are troubled with unusually severe diseases, and they who are engaged in battles and dangers...
	www.athenapub.com /caesarg1.htm (1747 words)

	C. Julius Caesar - a biography in twelve parts
		Gaul as a whole consisted of a multitude of states of different ethnic origin.
		Having impressed the Germans, the Gauls, and the Senate, Caesar turned to the west, where a large fleet was ready to carry Caesar's armies to Britain, where a short campaign took place.
		Although the Britons were backward and still retained the primitive social system of chiefdoms (i.e., there were no states), the Senate was duly impressed by the general who had reached the legendary edges of the earth.
	www.livius.org /caa-can/caesar/caesar04.html (1438 words)

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