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Topic: Gaulish

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	Encyclopedia: Gaulish language
		Gaulish is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became dominant in Roman Gaul.
		Gaulish is paraphyletically grouped with Celtiberian, Lepontic, and Galatian as Continental Celtic.
		Inscriptions in the Greek alphabet from the 3rd century BC have been found in the area near the mouths of the Rhone, while later inscriptions dating to Roman Gaul are mostly in the Latin alphabet.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gaulish-language (3009 words)

	Gaulish language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gaulish language did not, in fact, disappear as quickly as some indicate, but it took several centuries before it was completely replaced by popular Latin.
		Thus the Gaulish word for "son" was mabos or mapos, where Q-Celtic would have had maccos or maqqos, forms which are attested in Ogham inscriptions.
		It is derived largely from the language of post-Roman British refugees fleeing from the (A native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman conquest) Anglo-Saxon invasion and takeover.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/gaulish_language.htm (405 words)

	Gaulish language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gaulish is grouped with Celtiberian and Lepontic as Continental Celtic.
		The longest known Gaulish text was found in 1983 in L'Hospitalet-du-Larzac (43°58′ N 3°12′ E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=43_58_N_3_12_E_)) in Aveyron.
		The earliest Gaulish inscriptions, dating to as early as the 6th century BC, are in the Lepontic dialect, found in Gallia Cisalpina and were written in a form of the Old Italic alphabet.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Gaulish (928 words)

	Gaulish language Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gaulish is a now-extinct Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before Gaul was conquered by the Franks.
		Thus the Gaulish word for "son" was mabos or mapos, where Q-Celtic would have had maccos or maqqos, forms which are actually attested in Ogham inscriptions.
		The longest surviving extended discourse in Gaulish is the Coligny calendar, found in Coligny near Lyons, France, which recorded the months in use in Gaul at the time of its use, and marks each day as lucky or unlucky.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/g/ga/gaulish_language.html (328 words)

	Gaulish language
		This is because the Latin and Gaulish languages were very similar to each other, whereas Greek was only a distant relation (and also had a different alphabet).
		Despite the similarity, Gaulish was not an Italic language like Latin, but belonged to the Celtic language group, whose modern derivatives include Gaelic, Welsh and Irish.
		Some Gaulish words have no Latin equivalent, because they refer to things unknown at Rome: sapo "soap" (Romans used olive oil instead), cervesia 'beer' (Romans drank wine), tunna 'barrel' (Romans preferred clay storage jars), bracae 'trousers' (Romans wore a toga or tunic).
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/G/Gaulish_language.html (490 words)

	The Gaulish (Coligny) Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The workings of the Gaulish calendar would probably be a mystery to us if the remains of a bronze tablet had not been discovered near Coligny in France.
		It is thought that the Gauls buried this to preserve the details of their calendar, which had been banned by the ruling Romans.
		The Gaulish calendar was therefore run on a cycles of thirty years at a a time, split into smaller periods of five years, each of which had 62 months including the two extra months that are inserted.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /calendars/gaulish.html (1199 words)

	Name Constructions in Gaulish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This article deals primarily with native Gaulish naming practices and does not include the much vaster amount of material on Gauls who bore Roman-style names (which came to predominate as the region became more Romanized during and after the first century CE).
		Two much more extensive sources for Gaulish given names are Evans and Whatmough (see the references below), although both need to be used with care as they cover a great deal of time and space.
		Men's and women's names use the same types of structures in general, with a few variants that may be due to different usage or simply to the vagaries of the data.
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/tangwystyl/gaulish (2011 words)

	Gaulish language - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		They are found in the entire area of Roman Gaul, i.e., mostly in the area of modern France, as well as parts of Switzerland, Italy, Germany and Belgium (Meid 1994).
		Thus the Gaulish word for "son" was mapos (Delmarre 2003 pp.
		The longest known Gaulish text was found in 1983 in L'Hospitalet-du-Larzac (43° 58′ N, 3° 12′ E) in Aveyron.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Gaulish (1209 words)

	American Scientist Online - Gaul in the Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Peter Forster, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge, was attracted by the riddle of Celtic, which developed on the continent as Gaulish in ancient France and northern Italy.
		These are difficult questions to answer, because the Gaulish language and its records were largely eradicated during the Roman conquest.
		By examining the linguistic meanings and functions in Gaulish and comparing them systematically with their known counterparts in other languages, they could infer an evolutionary history for the whole family.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/28340 (762 words)

	Gaulish and Celtic languages. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gaulish is a mainland language of the Celtic family.
		Gaulish was highly inflected, but had practically nothing in common with Insular Celtic morphology and phonetics: it had no initial mutations, had an ordinary Indo-European word order (subject - predicate - adverbial modifiers) and grammatical forms similar to those of the Proto-Indo-European model.
		Gaulish is referred to as being in the so-called "P-Celtic" group, as it uses p in place if the indoeuropean kw.
	www.irishgaelictranslator.com /translation/ntopic18575.html (384 words)

	GAULISH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gaulish calendar : a reconstruction from the bronze fragments from Coligny, with an analysis of its function as a highly accurate lunar-solar predictor, as well as an explanation of its terminology and development (reference)
		"GAULISH" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 80.00% of the time.
		"GAULISH" is used about 10 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Ga/Gaulish.html (387 words)

	Lengua gaulish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gaulish es el nombre dado a la lengua céltica ahora-extinta que fue hablada en Gaul antes del Romans y las cartas francas invadieron.
		La lengua gaulish sobrevivió hasta la época de la conquista frankish en algunas áreas.
		Gaulish fue escrito en los varios alfabetos que fueron traídos a Gaul por los forasteros; el alfabeto griego fue utilizado a veces, al igual que el alfabeto latino y el alfabeto de Etruscan.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/le/Lengua%20gaulish.htm (353 words)

	Gallic Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pictones: Gaulish Tribe on the south bank of the Liger with Limonium as the chief town.
		This is an unusual Gaulish tactic, which the other Gaulish tribes have as yet found no answer for.
		Certainly their capital city Avaricum is the largest "oppidum" or fortified settlement in Gaul, the Bituriges proudly calling Avaricum, the "Queen of Cities." Frequently at war with the Pictones and the Arverni, over territory, the Bituriges are seperated from the Carnutes by the wide Liger River, which has limited their clashes.
	www.donaldhs.vic.edu.au /home/spotter/Gallic_Tribes.html (777 words)

	Llewellyn Encyclopedia
		Adbertos: (Gaulish) - An offering or ritual in which something is given to the Deuoi.
		Although often used synonymously with talisman, amulets are made to keep things away (such as illness) while talismans are used to bring things to you (such as good luck).
		Andumnos: (Gaulish) - The Underworld / Otherworld / Netherworld which corresponds to the Greek Elysian Fields and Tartaros, and to the Teutonic Valhall and Hel.
	www.llewellynencyclopedia.com /glossary.php (6021 words)

	The search for the Gaulish verb (part1)
		I've been working on Gaulish verbs and I'd like to share with you what I've worked out on the verb "to be".
		I think what I have is true and correct but there is always the chance that some of it may be in error, being that most of it is reconstructed and not attested by known examples.
		Also, the verbal suffix "-utu, -utus", when attached at the end of a verb will change the tense of that verb to the subjunctive tense.
	www.angelfire.com /me/ik/tobe.html (91 words)

	Introduction to the Gaulish Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Major conclusions to bear in mind concerning the Gaulish calendar are that it is a luni-solar calendar, with months equating to lunations.
		Here is a list of the twelve months of the standard Gaulish year, arranged in their semi-alternating pattern of 30 and 29 days.
		An exploration of the feast days and their relationship to the Gaulish calendar, and a discussion of mythological connections in the Mabinogion to the Gaulish calendar are presented in The Silver Circle, here on Caer Australis.
	bonrhys.idx.com.au /introduc.htm (1776 words)

	The Heroic Age: Kentigern and Gonothingernus
		ABSTRACT: Onomastic, documentary and archaeological evidence is examined to test the proposed identification of St Kentigern of Glasgow with Gonothigernus, bishop of Senlis c.549x573.
		The civil status and function of the machtierns is not very different (except perhaps in scale) from the civil status of the Gaulish bishops outlined above, and may preserve the vestiges of late Romano-British civil administration.
		It includes the Councils of Orleans of 549 and Paris of 556x573, and shows the relative position of bishops who appeared at more than one council, or whose date of ordination is known or can be closely approximated.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/6/gough-cooper.html (4151 words)

	Ogmios Ogma and Heracles (Lucian)
		Curiously, the god in Lucian's picture drew behind him a happy band of men who were attached to him by thin gold chains linking their ears to the tip of his tongue.
		Lucian was informed by a Gaulish acquaintance that the Celts associated eloquence with Hercules, because of his strength.
		Apart from Lucian's testimony, Ogmios is invoked on two lead defixiones or curse tablets from Bregenz on Lake Constance; on one of these, Ogmios is requested to intervene and lay a curse on a barren woman so that she would never marry.
	www.kernunnos.com /deities/ogmios/ogmios.html (1212 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Celtic
		Breton, Cornish, Gaulish, and Welsh are the Brythonic languages, while Manx and Irish, the latter with its off-shoot of Scots Gaelic, are the Goidelic languages.
		Gaulish was spoken in the area known as Gaul, until it gave way to the Latin of the Romans.
		Gaulish is known only from names and inscriptions.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/celtich.htm (2286 words)

	Gaulish inscription may be oldest literary text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Joe Eska, associate professor of English at Virginia Tech, received a National Endowment for the Humanities $4,000 grant to do a linguistic analysis of the Gaulish inscription from Châteaubleau.
		Eska's will be the first attempt at a full analysis of the language and content of an 11-line Gaulish inscription discovered in 1997 during excavations at Châteaubleau, a village east of Paris.
		The inscription, dated on archeological grounds to 300-350 AD, is important from the linguistic point of view because of its relatively late date and its northern location, Eska said.
	www.research.vt.edu /resmag/resmag2001/gaulish_micro.html (283 words)

	Lycos Search Results: web results for gaulish 1 thru 10 of 33,500
		Toward a phylogenetic chronology of ancient Gaulish, Celtic, and...
		...the University of Cambridge, was attracted by the riddle of Celtic, which developed on the continent as Gaulish in ancient France and northern...
		A Scottish saint and a Gaulish bishop identified...
	search.lycos.com /?lpv=1&loc=searchhp&query=gaulish (206 words)

	Some Interesting Words in Gaulish We Use in English.
		I suppose that although Gaul was Romanized when Caesar invaded, it is quite possible that not all of the Gaulloises spoke latin.
		I imagine that many still spoke the original Gaulish for quite some time, even after the Germanic invasion of Gaul.
		Anyway, here are some words that we use in Modern English that were borrowed from Gaulish.
	www.ancientworlds.net /513080 (251 words)

	Peter Forster Alfred Toth - 2003 - Toward a phylogenetic chronology of ancient Gaulish, Celtic, and Indo-European
		Forster, P. and Toth, A. (2003) Toward a phylogenetic chronology of ancient Gaulish, Celtic, and Indo-European.
		Interestingly, the next branching event separates Gaulish (Continental Celtic) from the British (Insular Celtic) languages, with Insular Celtic subsequently splitting into Brythonic (Welsh, Breton) and Goidelic (Irish and Scottish Gaelic).
		The phylogenetic method is easily executed by hand and promises to be an informative approach for many problems in historical linguistics.
	www.isrl.uiuc.edu /~amag/langev/paper/forster03phylogeneticChronology.html (301 words)

	gaulish language and artifacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This page, from an excellent site on Indo-European langauges, discusses Gaulish in the context of the Indo-European and Celtic language groups.
		It includes a Gaulish Glossary compiled from a variety of printed sources.
		Jesús Rodríguez Ramos has an interesting page on Iberian, which is not a Celtic langauge, though it is sometimes mistakenly taken for one because of the related Celtiberian.
	www.digitalmedievalist.com /urls/gaulish.html (146 words)

	Re: The Gaulish Celts are Descended from Dis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is more than the pot calling the kettle fl.
		Re: The Gaulish Celts are Descended from Dis
		[was Re: The Gaulish Celts are Descended fro
	www.talkaboutreligion.com /group/alt.religion.druid/messages/59085.html (190 words)

	The Young Carthaginian by G. A. Henty: Chapter XXI: The Gaulish Slave
		On arriving at the mansion of Gracchus, Sempronius led Malchus to the apartment occupied by Flavia.
		When he was with her last he had resolved that when he next journeyed north he would ask her hand of the chief, and since his journey to Carthage his thoughts had still more often reverted to her.
		The suddenness of the question sent the blood up into the cheeks of the Gaulish maiden, and Julia felt at once that the hints of Sempronius were fully justified.
	www.online-literature.com /ga-henty/young-carthaginian/22 (5177 words)

	How to be Obnoxious in French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Talking of the Gaulish language and for the general culture.
		Just googlise Gaulish language for some interesting stuff about it.
		Basicly, no language of europe are/were isolated (apart the Basque language), and 2000 years ago it was already true.
	www.alizee-forum.com /ptopic,451189.html (404 words)

	The Petrology and Typology of the Earliest Identified Central Gaulish Imports, continued page 9 Vol 1 ...
		The Petrology and Typology of the Earliest Identified Central Gaulish Imports, continued page 9 Vol 1 Journal of Roman Pottery Studies
		The Petrology and Typology of the Earliest Identified Central Gaulish Imports
		There is only one known example of this type.
	www.sgrp.org /Jrps/Vol01/Pages%2006-21/page%2009.htm (329 words)

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