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Topic: Gaullist Party

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	Party Politics Vol. 3, Issue 3, p. 407
		The Gaullist party is a political party that has attempted to appear to put the nation first and to stand above tactical parliamentary quarrels.
		This study has also shown that the ideological character and political identity of the Gaullist parties have had a significance which exceeded the person of Charles de Gaulle.
		During the 1960s and 1970s, the Gaullist party developed a party ideology which authorized independent national political activity with claims to governing power, both before and after de Gaulle himself had left the presidency.
	www.partypolitics.org /volume03/v03i3p407.htm (218 words)

	Jacques Chirac - MSN Encarta
		A conservative politician, Chirac served as prime minister from 1974 to 1976 and 1986 to 1988 and as mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.
		Chirac is a Gaullist, a term used to describe those who favor the policies of former President Charles de Gaulle.
		The two parties won a majority in the National Assembly, forcing Mitterrand to form a new cabinet in which he shared power with the Gaullists.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579889/Jacques_Chirac.html (1974 words)

	France POLITICAL PARTIES
		During the Pompidou administration, Gaullist control was weakened by an alliance between the Communist and Socialist parties.
		A new Gaullist party, the Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République—RPR), founded by Chirac in 1976, received 26.1% of the vote in the second round of the 1978 legislative elections, winning 154 seats in the National Assembly.
		The federation, which included the Republican Party (Parti Républicain), the successor to the RI, won 23.2% of the vote in the second round of balloting, giving the centrist coalition 124 seats in the National Assembly.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/France-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html (1303 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Socialist Party (France) - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The party was hemmed in between the middle class liberals of the Radical Party and the revolutionary syndicalists who dominated the trade unions.
		Jacques Delors, president of the European commission and a favorite according to the polls, declined to be the PS candidate due to the radicalization of the party.
		However, several well-known members of the Party, including Laurent Fabius, and left-wingers Henri Emmanuelli and Jean-Luc Mélenchon, asked the public for a "no" vote in the 29 May 2005 French referendum on the European Constitution, where the proposed Constitution was rejected.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Socialist_Party_(France) (2807 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		Representing the newly restored political parties and the Resistance groups, his provisional government carried out the spirit of the Resistance programs, instituting a number of far-reaching economic reforms, including the nationalization of various industries and the inauguration of plans for economic modernization.
		Legislative elections in November 1958 assured a majority for the new Gaullist party (the Union for the New Republic) and other supporters of de Gaulle, and in December 1958 he was elected president of the Fifth Republic by a 78% vote of the electoral college.
		The Gaullist party, the Union for the New Republic, won 358 of the 487 seats, the first time in republican history that any party had won an absolute majority in the legislature.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_degaulle.html (2175 words)

	Privatization in France
		Chirac was re-elected as Mayor of Paris in 1983 and candidates from his RPR party or allied Gaullist parties won in all of Paris' election districts.
		The situation of the President being of one party and the Prime Minister being of an opposing party is referred to by the French as cohabitation.
		The Gaullist party tradition was corporatist and perfectly comfortable with state enterprise and public guidance and regulation of private enterprise.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/privFrance.htm (2063 words)

	Cohabitation in France: Crisis of the Conservatives
		When general Charles de Gaulle designed the Constitution of the 5th French Republic in 1958 it was said that he had formed it as a permanent "coup d'état" against the unreliable left, which had ruined the former democratic experience of the 4th Republic.
		From his new residence in the Elysée palace a tricky Mitterand showed soon very able in using the instruments of the Gaullist constitution now against the Conservative alliance formed of Chirac's Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR) and their Liberal and Centrist coalition partner Union for French Democracy (UDF).
		At this time the French party system seemed quite rational and stable with two parties on each side of the spectrum: RPR and UDF on the right, PSF and PCF on the left.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/european_politics/23668 (498 words)

	Blondel "Types of Party Systems"
		Countries of group 2 have two types of party systems: Belgium, Germany, and Luxemburg resemble countries of group I, except that the centre party is stronger and, as we noted earlier, this increased strength is mainly at the expense of one only of the two major parties (in fact the Socialist party).
		Neither the Irish Labour party nor the Canadian NDP appear to be in a position to overtake the centre party in the near future: their position of small party seems stable.
		In Iceland and Italy (as in Finland and even France) the Communist party remained fairly stable throughout the whole period; the Socialist party is therefore correspondingly weak and the left is divided; as is well known, the converse occurs in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.
	www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Blondel/blondel.html (1897 words)

	CSO 1 Factpage
		France is made up of four different political parties.
		The Communist party use to be a major force in politics until the 1970s.
		The Communist party is a minor party within the government and has less than 5% of the voters supporting them.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~kellenfl/factpage.htm (503 words)

	French embrace Socialist renegade - The Boston Globe
		She caused outrage across the left, including in her own Socialist Party, when last week she proposed surprisingly tough measures to deal with young offenders, but poll results published yesterday indicated that a vast majority of the French agreed with her.
		And yesterday, as if to prove her refusal to be deterred by party taboos, she published a harsh critique of the 35-hour workweek on her blog.
		Unlike common practice in French party politics, ``Ségolène Royal's strategy is to win the battle of public opinion before the battle inside her own party," said Pierre Giacometti, research director at the Ipsos polling institute.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/06/06/french_embrace_socialist_renegade (758 words)

	Duverger: The Electoral System
		If the moderates are divided into two parties, the communist candidate may well win the election; should one of his opponents receive more than 20,000 votes, the other will be left with less than 80,000, thereby insuring the election of the communist.
		If the conservative party has 6 million votes in the country, corresponding to 300 seats in parliament, and if it splits into three groups about equal in numbers, proportional representation will give each of these about a hundred deputies, and the conservative family will have the same strength in parliament.
		A given electoral regime does not necessarily produce a given party system; it simply exerts an influence in the direction of a particular type of system; it is a force, acting in the midst of other forces, some of which move in an opposite direction.
	janda.org /c24/Readings/Duverger/Duverger.htm (1502 words)

	The New Republic: Archive Issues
		But the irony of his work lies in the fact that it was bound to lead to the demise of that party (in that sense Pompidou may well appear in history as a transitional figure, between the plebiscitarian rule of de Gaulle and the modem conservatism of Giscard).
		The Gaullist party had no alternative, after the disastrous showing of Jacques Chaban-Delmas on the first ballot, but to support Giscard, and thus resign itself not only to the loss of the presidency, but also to STANLEY HOFFMANN IS professor of government at Harvard.
		He was eager to reconcile a Gaullist political class largely composed of ex-civil servants and war heroes with the moderate, small town notables who were the traditional pillars of French political life on the right.
	www.tnr.com /arch/premium/19740601/hoffman-15.mhtml (1803 words)

	Blondel "Types of Party Systems"
		Countries of group 2 have two types of party systems: Belgium, Germany, and Luxemburg resemble countries of group I, except that the centre party is stronger and, as we noted earlier, this increased strength is mainly at the expense of one only of the two major parties (in fact the Socialist party).
		Neither the Irish Labour party nor the Canadian NDP appear to be in a position to overtake the centre party in the near future: their position of small party seems stable.
		At one extreme are the broadly based parties of the two-party system countries: the United States is the most perfect case of this type, but four other countries closely approximate this model and they only diverge inasmuch as they have a small centre party and are divided ideologically between conservatives and socialists.
	janda.org /c24/Readings/Blondel/blondel.html (1897 words)

	Privatization in France
		Chirac was re-elected as Mayor of Paris in 1983 and candidates from his RPR party or allied Gaullist parties won in all of Paris' election districts.
		The situation of the President being of one party and the Prime Minister being of an opposing party is referred to by the French as cohabitation.
		The Gaullist party tradition was corporatist and perfectly comfortable with state enterprise and public guidance and regulation of private enterprise.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/privFrance.htm (2063 words)

	THE EUROPEAN UNION AND AUSTRIA
		In Austria itself there was also a lot of opposition to a government including the Freedom Party, although analysts had long shown that those who voted newly for that party were mostly former Socialist and Peoples' Party supporters disaffected with the lack of attention paid to their worries by the outgoing coalition.
		The party also was against Austria joining the EU and opposed the temporary admission of fugitives from the conflicts in former Yugoslavia.
		Whereas in Switzerland for instance extreme rightist parties lost their voters to a moderate right wing party which then had to suffer radicalisation from the transfuges, in Austria the inflow of socialist and christian democratic voters has watered down the more extreme attitudes of the original Freedom Party.
	www.diplomacy.edu /edu/kappeler/letter_no_5_en.htm (1758 words)

	Sharon's Stroke Will Hurt Kadima - Forbes.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When Sharon succeeded in pushing through the Gaza withdrawal despite massive opposition within his own party, he was perceived by a plurality of the public to be the only politician capable of fulfilling the new role that the new pragmatist majority was seeking.
		Instead of top-down proposals drawn up by party leaders, who then asked for public approval, the public was seeking a means by which the grassroots could formulate policy and have the elected representatives carry it out.
		Private polls taken two weeks ago indicated that, if the party is able to maintain a sense of stability and unity, it might be able to win as many as 28 to 30 Knesset seats, even without Sharon at the helm.
	www.forbes.com /business/2006/01/05/sharon-kadima-politics-cx_0106oxford_sharon.html (985 words)

	In Sarkoland - The New York Review of Books
		Most on the left believed her to be a closet rightist because she resisted party shibboleths and was a professional soldier's estranged daughter who proposed boot camps for delinquents and had "La Marseillaise" sung at her campaign rallies.
		Relatively high taxation, including an only partially capped asset-based wealth tax, as well as an inability to give youth a sense of opportunity, in part because of a traditional commitment to the virtues of formal academic achievement, have led to a well-publicized if somewhat exaggerated exodus of the well-to-do, the entrepreneurial, and the ambitious.
		Her biographers note the reaction in the party and press when in March 2006, having announced her presidential candidacy, she went to Chile for the inauguration of Michelle Bachelet as Chile's first woman president rather than accompany the Socialist Party's notables on their annual trip to the burial place of François Mitterrand.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/20254 (4560 words)

	Index Ch
		In 1947 the Gaullist party was founded, and he had to choose between the radicals and the Gaullists.
		Trained as a party propagandist, he held several administrative posts before becoming head of agitation and propaganda (agitprop) in Moldavia (1948-56), where he was first noticed by Leonid Brezhnev and brought to Moscow to head a similar department for the party's Central Committee (1956-60).
		Resigning in 1976 because of personal and political disputes with Giscard, the ambitious and energetic Chirac reconstituted the Gaullist party known as the Union of Democrats for the Republic into a neo-Gaullist group, the Rally for the Republic, which was firmly under his control.
	www.rulers.org /indexc2.html (19351 words)

	ipedia.com: Union des Démocrates pour la République Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was the successor to Charles de Gaulle 's earlier party, Rassemblement du Peuple Français, and...
		It was the successor to Charles de Gaulle's earlier party, Rassemblement du Peuple Français, and was organised in 1958, along with the founding of the French Fifth Republic.
		It was founded in 1958 as the Union for the New Republic (UNR), and in 1962 merged with the Democratic Union of Labour, a left-Gaullist group, to become the Union for the French Republic-Democratic Union of Labour.
	www.ipedia.com /union_des_democrates_pour_la_republique.html (226 words)

	PREVIEW: A Battle Royal
		Under the Gaullist and post-Gaullist dispensation, down through Jacques Chirac, even the conservatives pretend to be (and are somewhat) liberal, as long as they are allowed to run the show.
		She won the Socialist party primary on November 16 with more than 60 percent of the vote, and the first nationwide polls of 2007 gave her 52 percent in the presidential race.
		The Socialist party is charging Sarkozy with interfering, as minister of interior, in the electoral process and has called for his resignation from the cabinet.
	www.weeklystandard.com /Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=13301&R=11249229 (2249 words)

	Jeff Weintraub: The French vote for President ... & Ségolène Royal praises Tony Blair
		Among the major candidates, curiously enough, the one who identifies himself most strongly as an opponent of the status quo and an advocate of sweeping reforms is the candidate of the ruling center-right coalition, Nicolas Sarkozy.
		The Socialist candidate, Ségolène Royal, won her party's nomination against the strong and almost unanimous opposition of the rest of the party leadership.
		Royal won the hearts of the Socialist party rank-and-file (a US-style primary of party members gave her the nomination), but she doesn't seem to have been as successful in winning over the general electorate.
	jeffweintraub.blogspot.com /2007/04/sgolne-royal-praises-tony-blair.html (2182 words)

	The coronation of Nicolas Sarkozy French interior minister named Gaullist presidential candidate
		The January 14 anointing of French Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy as the presidential candidate of the governing Gaullist party, the UMP (Union for a Popular Movement), in this year’s elections was a chilling spectacle.
		There was the mass parade of 80,000 jubilant members of his party, which terms itself a “movement.” There was the 98 percent result in the poll of UMP delegates in favour of his candidacy.
		The Gaullist candidate goes so far as to accuse the official French left of betraying the worker: “For a long time, the right ignored the worker, and the left, which once identified with the worker, eventually betrayed him.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2007/jan2007/sark-j20.shtml (1847 words)

	MaxSpeak, You Listen!: WILL THE FRENCH LEFT CANNIBALIZE ITSELF AGAIN THIS YEAR?
		The UDF is a woozy old confederation of center-right parties, the Christian Social Party, the Republicans (the party of 1974-81 president Valery Giscard d'Estaing), and the all-but-dead Radicals, a party dating back to the late 1800s, when they might have actually been "radical," sort of.
		Gerard Schivardi, from yet another Trotskyist party, the Parti des Travailleurs, ("Workers' Party"), at 0.5%, the mayor of a small village in the Aude.
		Anyway, the parties to the left of the Socialists are currently garnering about 10% of the vote, not quite as much as they got in 2002 when Jospin went down to defeat, but enough to put Royal in danger of being beaten out by the centrist Bayrou, who is coming on strong.
	maxspeak.org /mt/archives/002927.html (1146 words)

	The Scotsman - Chirac's Gaullist party disbanded to make way for broader union (Site not responding. Last check: )
		FIFTY-FIVE years after General Charles de Gaulle created the RPF party to enshrine his values of state intervention and the defence of French interests, conservatives gathered over the weekend to bury the party’s successor, Jacques Chirac’s Rally for the Republic (RPR), in a shower of red, white and blue confetti.
		Brushing aside their nostalgia, the party faithful were anxious to avoid a funereal mood because the death of the Gaullist RPR, scheduled since the re-election of their leader in May, is to pave the way for the Union for the Presidential Majority (UMP), an umbrella party of the Right, on 17 November.
		The solution was the creation of a party that includes the Liberal Democracy party and defectors from the camps of François Bayrou’s centrist Union for French Democracy and the hard-line Gaullist Charles Pasqua.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=1057772002 (739 words)

	Chirac rival takes helm of president's party - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Juppe was banned from holding office in a January conviction in a party financing scandal dating to the days when he worked at Paris City Hall under Mayor Chirac.
		Sarkozy made clear that, in giving the party new momentum, he wants to do away with the status quo, which he called "our adversary".
		However, Chirac sent a warning in a message to the party, insisting that the "union" between conservatives and centrists upon which UMP was founded must be preserved.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20041128T200000-0500_70411_OBS_CHIRAC_RIVAL_TAKES_HELM_OF_PRESIDENT_S_PARTY.asp (385 words)

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