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Topic: Gault Clay

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	Gault - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the south of England the Gault clay is fairly constant in the lower part, with the Greensand above; the clay, however, passes into sand as it is followed westward and, as already pointed out, the clay and sand appear to pass into a red chalk towards the north-east.
		The Gault (with Upper Greensand) passes on to the Jurassic and Rhaetic rocks near Axmouth, and oversteps farther westward, in the Haldon Hills, on to the Permian.
		In the Diester and Teutoberger Wald, and in the region of Halberstadt, the clays and marls are replaced by sandstones, the so-called Gault-Quader.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gault (605 words)

	CMG: Mineralogical Society: Special Interest Groups
		The group publishes reference monographs on specific aspects of clay science, is responsible for the journal Clay Minerals, and sponsors the annual George Brown Lecture.
		Clays of the Chalk: effects on structure, groundwater and slope stability.
		The Salcombe Regis Landslip (2006): deformation and flowstudies of the Gault and Upper Greensand.
	www.minersoc.org /pages/groups/cmg/cmg.html (439 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gault clay
		The Gault Clay is a formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian).
		The Gault Clay yields abundant marine fossils, including ammonites (such as Hoplites, Hamites, Euhoplites, Anahoplites, and Dimorphoplites), belemnites (such as Neohibolites), bivalves (such as Birostrina and Pectinucula), gastropods (such as Anchura), solitary corals, fish remains (including shark teeth), scattered crinoid remains, and crustaceans (such as the crab Notopocorystes).
		In particular the beautifully preserved faunas of the Gault Clay are illustrated and...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gault-clay (420 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		It is well exposed in the coastal cliffs at Copt Point in Folkestone, Kent, England, where it overlays the Lower Greensand formation,and is found in exposure on the south side of The North Downs and the north side of the South Downs.
		The Gault Clay often contains numerous phosphatic nodules,some thought to be coprolites and may also contain sand as well as small grains of the mineral glauconite.
		The Gault clay represents a marine transgression, or a deepening of the water level from the shallow Folkstone beds to the deeper chalk.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Gault_Clay (331 words)

	gault - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Dedicated to the fossils of the lower cretaceous Albian (Gault Clay and Folkestone Beds) of South-East England.
		In particular the beautifully preserved faunas of the Gault Clay are illustrated and...
		Robert H. Gault of Ballymoney is a family run business established in 1967 by Robert Gault supplying menswear to the North Coast area of Northern Ireland.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /gault.html (146 words)

	The Chalky and other Post-Tertiary Clays of Eastern England
		The term Chalky applied to this clay depends on the fact that it is more or less crowded with chalk rubble and chalk fragments of various sizes, and that it has also incorporated in it a considerable quantity of chalk dust, whence its colour and superficial appearance.
		Most of the writers on these clays have been so impressed by the importance of these strangers which form barely a tithe of the contents of the clays, that they have neglected the more essential and more important lessons to be derived from an examination of the local and home-grown ingredients which they contain.
		This makes it clear that the Chalky Clay, which occupies the larger part of the interior of those counties, did not move westward from the seaboard, but came from the north or north-west, whence the chalk fragments and the clay itself were derived.
	www.sentex.net /~tcc/HHH1.htm (5183 words)

	gault - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		In Re Gault, a United States Supreme Court decision in 1967 that established the right of minors to due process under the 14th Amendment.
		Gault Millau is one of the most influential French restaurant guides.
		Gault Millau is most famous for its rating system, on a scale of 1 to 20.
	encarta.msn.com /gault.html (205 words)

	Paper/clay and method of preparation - Patent 5726111
		The method of claim 1 wherein said clay of said liquid ceramic clay slip is selected from the group consisting of refined ceramic clay, unrefined ceramic clay and porcelain.
		Dry clay, in powdered form, may be directly added to the pulp water mixture and blunged together into a consistency that resembles oatmeal for the best results.
		An appropriate clay is selected depending upon the desired texture, color, type of job, etc. In order to obtain a fine surface, for example, a refined clay casting slip or porcelain clay should be utilized, as well as using the highest rag-content paper to form the pulp-mix.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5726111.html (1949 words)

	Introduction To The Geology Of Hertfordshire
		Both the Gault Clay and Chalk contain the fossilised shells of sea animals, such as ammonites and sea urchins, and were deposited on the sea floor.
		The Gault Clay is composed mainly of fine mud brought into the Upper Cretaceous sea from surrounding land areas by rivers.
		Clays and gravels deposited by a glacier, which entered NE Hertfordshire about 400,000 years ago (the Anglian Stage) and blocked the earlier course of the Thames, thus causing the southward diversion through London.
	www.hertsgeolsoc.ology.org.uk /IntroToHertsGeology.htm (1284 words)

	TARL - Gault Site Description
		Gault is a large site with a conspicuous, dark midden over an area approaching 0.8 by 0.2 km.
		Zone 2a is a gray silty clay with carbonate granules and limestone clasts; only the upper decimeter of Zone 2a was investigated due to the ground water.
		Next in the sequence is a clay rich deposit, typically around 60- to 70-cm thick, that may be largely fluvial in origin with some intermixing of ponded sediments and colluvial material (Zone 5).
	www.utexas.edu /research/tarl/research/gault_description.php (2451 words)

	Natural England - Special Sites
		This ridge is developed in the Upper Jurassic limestones and clays of the Corallian and Kimmeridge Clay and is overlain at its eastern end by the shallow marine and estuarine deposits of the Portland Group and the Purbeck Limestone.
		Clays in the lower part of the Lias Group succession have been exposed by the Evenlode near Charlbury and by the Cherwell in the upper part of its valley.
		Overlying the Kimmeridge Clay, and occurring as intermittent patches along the gentle northern slope of the Vale of White Horse between Abingdon and Thame are the limestones and sands of the Portland Group and the thin limestones of the Purbeck Limestone.
	www.english-nature.org.uk /special/geological/sites/area_ID28.asp (2472 words)

	GAULT - Online Information article about GAULT
		Since the typical clayey Gault is continually taking on a sandy facies as it is traced both horizontally and vertically; and since the fossils of the Upper Greensand and Gault are inseparably related, it has been proposed by A.
		BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat.
		Jukes-Browne, " The Gault and Upper Greensand of England," vol.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GAG_GEO/GAULT.html (1173 words)

	Microstratigraphy
		The Gault Clay Formation was encountered at several localities during the tunnelling operation, most significantly at Castle Hill where Beds XI to XIII were encountered, the UK Crossover where the Marine Service Tunnel and invert of the Crossover cavern were deliberately located within Zone 6a and the three UK pump stations.
		The Gault Clay (Albian) is at present exposed only intermittently on the foreshore in the Warren, near the base of the landslipped part of the succession.
		In the Gault Clay detailed taxonomic counts were not required, as the application of the zonal scheme of Carter and Hart (1977) provided the required stratigraphic resolution.
	www.geologyshop.co.uk /microfos.htm (9992 words)

	GAULT Articles The Gault Clay is a formation of st
		The Gault Clay is a formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian).
		The Gault Clay often contains numerous phosphatic nodules,some thought to be coprolites and may also contain sand as well as small grains of the mineral glauconite.
		The Gault Clay yields abundant marine fossils, including ammonites (such as Hoplites, Hamites, Euhoplites, Anahoplites, and Dimorphoplites), belemnites (such as Neohibolites), bivalves (such as Birostrina and Pectinucula), gastropods (such as Anchura), solitary corals, fish remains (including shark teeth), scattered crinoid remains, and crustaceans (such as the crab Notopocorystes).
	www.amazines.com /Gault_related.html (496 words)

	Clay mineralogy of the Cretaceous strata of the British Isles -- JEANS 41 (1): 47 -- Clay Minerals
		Clay mineralogy of the Cretaceous strata of the British Isles -- JEANS 41 (1): 47 -- Clay Minerals
		Clay mineralogy of the Cretaceous strata of the British Isles
		The clay mineralogy of the Cretaceous strata of the British
	claymin.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/1/47 (519 words)

	site2
		The Gault clay is one of the most fossiliferous horizons in Britain.
		The Lower Gault is a dark, fossiliferous, blue-grey clay that was deposited during the Middle Albian.
		The clays are highly feruginous in nature such that the clay-ironstone concretions often weather red when exposed to the elements.
	www.odgc.freeserve.co.uk /site2.htm (779 words)

	The Motorway Archive. M40, Stokenchurch to Waterstock
		Sweeping to the south of Tetsworth and on to Milton Common the line and profile of the motorway was selected to minimise engineering difficulties with the Gault clay and to avoid intercepting the high water table in the Milton Common area.
		This is a firm to stiff silty clay with a very high flint content and forms a capping layer, varying in thickness between zero and 10m on the line of route, to the chalk of the Chiltern Hills.
		The Gault clay is a firm to stiff fissured blue-grey calcareous clay generally well over 40m thick.
	www.iht.org /motorway/m40m25water.htm (2805 words)

	Rocks of Bedfordshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Gault Clay was formed during the Lower Cretaceous period about 100 million years ago.
		When freshly quarried the clay appears to contain no fossils but as it weathers a diverse and rich fauna is slowly revealed.
		The clay is used for the manufacture of pipes and tiles.
	www.bedfordmuseum.org /collections/geology/gault.htm (141 words)

	[No title]
		The ability to work multiple layers of wet paper slip, plastic clay and dry paperclay together and to embed or insert fragments of dry, bisqued or glazed clay into the structure and fire it intact, opens up possibilities in ceramic sculpture.
		Ideally, the fibres knit the whole mixture together in a strong lattice-like structure after the firing, provided the ratio of pulp to clay is correct and an accurate maturing temperature of the mixture has been determined.
		Rosette Gault is a ceramic sculptor living in Seattle, Washington.
	www.grahamhay.com.au /gault1994cap.html (1508 words)

	Folkestone Kent Fossils Clay Ammonites Fossil collecting by Discovering Fossils
		The clay consists of mudstones with layers of phosphate nodules that delineate the margins of some of the clay beds, the whole Gault sequence achieves a thickness of 40m in places.
		The clay from the Middle Albian is known as the Lower Gault and the beds from the Late Albian are known as the Upper Gault.
		In some of the clay bed sequences the fossils are preserved in phosphate; they tend to be dark, frequently broken and are often in concreted masses.
	www.discoveringfossils.co.uk /Folkestone.htm (1149 words)

	Surrey Museums
		The clay is quite fossiliferous in places.The Perna Beds are concretionary masses which are sometimes crowded with fossils that lie at the base of these clays at Reigate.
		The Gault Clay which overlies the Lower Greensand was deposited under deeper water conditions as the 'Wealden' landmass gradually subsided during the later Cretaceous.
		Whilst actual outcrops may be restricted (for London Clay typically forms areas of low-lying land) it nevertheless underlies a significant area of the county from Epsom in the east, to north of Leatherhead, and then westwards across the whole of NW Surrey.
	www.surreymuseums.org.uk /collections/geology/geosur.html (3179 words)

	Sussex Downs Landscape Assessment
		On the former the woodlands are generally confined to the steep slopes of the narrow stream valleys, whereas on the clay vale they occur in larger blocks, usually of a similar size and shape to the fields.
		The heathy woodlands to the north of the clay vale are on a low ridge so they have a fairly strong enclosing presence and form the northern boundary of the scarp footslopes landscape type.
		However, in areas where hedgerow oaks are characteristic (particularly in the Gault clay vales), individually-spaced oak trees should be planted sporadically within hedgerows along lanes, and occasionally within pastures, to replace existing over-mature specimens.
	www.vic.org.uk /edu/sdla/16.htm (2715 words)

	landslips
		The erosion of the cliffs is mainly the result of wave action on the soft erodible Gault Clay, but also of erosion of the Gault Clay by rainfall and runoff.
		In the Folkestone area there are a number of stratigraphic horizons which act as basal planes for the landslips, the main and basal of which is the top of the Folkestone Beds, Bed XII within the upper Gault Clay, and the topmost slip horizon at the top of the Gault Clay.
		This is likely to have led to increased porewater pressures in the Chalk and Gault Clay which would have affected the stability of many of the escarpment slopes.
	www.geologyshop.co.uk /landslips.htm (1998 words)

	Ostracods of the Gault Clay
		Within the Gault at Folkestone, ostracods have been recovered from all levels, except for the very lowest horizons near the dentatus nodule bed, where the clay is more difficult to process.
		The Gault is noted for its diversity, Wilkinson (In Bristow, 1990) has recorded 69 species and subspecies in boreholes in East Anglia, while at Folkestone, the author has obtained 40 species in total.
		The Gault at Folkestone was examined systematically for the first time by Chapman and Sherborn (1893), who recorded fifty-four species, eight as new, and related their occurrence and abundance to the bed numbers of Price (1874, 1875).
	w3.gre.ac.uk /schools/nri/earth/ostracod/gault.htm (1562 words)

	Paper Clay \| Gault, Rosette
		Paper clay, a plastic modeling mix of clay, paper pulp, and water, is an extraordinarily versatile material.
		Using the work of an international group of artists, Gault illustrates the flexibility of this exciting medium in a clear and accessible style.
		Rosette Gault, an American studio potter, is one of the acknowledged authorities on paper clay.
	www.upenn.edu /pennpress/book/14102.html (275 words)

	Forest Research - About Alice Holt Forest
		River terrace gravels have protected this clay from erosion during the Quaternary, so that it forms the main physiographic feature of the locality.
		The bulk of the Forest is underlain by Gault Clay (Cretaceous) but two detached compartments to the west include the escarpment of the Cretaceous Upper Greensand, and the Research nursery at Headley is on Lower Greensand.
		The Gault Clay of the Forest, and the oak woods upon them were used by the Romans for the making of pottery.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /fr/INFD-6VBEXQ (691 words)

	http://www.grahamhay.com.au/hay2006update.html
		The key to the contemporary success with paper in clay is the removing of water repellent lignin (part of the industrial paper manufacturing process) and mechanically separating individual cellulose fibres before or during their addition to clay.
		Individual clay manufacturers have been reluctant to take a commercial risk in being the first to convert their clays into paperclay.
		In Thailand the two clay manufacturers have not started adding fibre to their clays, however a fibre processor was seriously considering manufacture a dry paperclay.
	www.grahamhay.com.au /hay2006update.html (2730 words)

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