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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Gaussian gravitational constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carl Friedrich Gauss expressed the gravitational constant in units of the solar system rather than SI units.
		The day defined by this constant was later understood as the basis of the rate of Ephemeris Time, and in modern usage this day is understood to be measured in units of Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB).
		1/86400 of the day defined by this constant was known as the ephemeris second, and the length of the ephemeris second as measured by clocks on the surface of the earth was adopted as the SI second.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Gaussian_gravitational_constant.html (306 words)

	universal constant concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gaussian gravitational constant (4 facts) (k) - The constant defining the astronomical system of units of length (astronomical unit), mass (solar mass) and time (day), by means of Kepler's third law.
		Newtonian constant of gravitation (8 facts) (G) - The universal constant of proportionality in the attraction between two unit masses a unit distance apart.
		Planck constant (7 facts) (h) - The universal constant of proportionality relating the frequency of a photon to its quantum of energy., Planck's constant is a fundamental parameter in quantum mechanics.
	www.csi.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/universalconstant.html (290 words)

	Is The Universe Closed?
		This metric, with k = +1 and R(t) = constant, was the basis of Einstein's 1917 paper, and it was subsequently studied by Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with both possible signs of k and with variable R(t).
		Friedmann realized that this error invalidated Einstein's argument against the possibility of a dynamic universe, and indeed under the condition that the quantity in question vanishes, it is possible to satisfy the field equations with a dynamic model, i.e., with a model of the form given by the Robertson-Walker metric with R(t) variable.
		Of course, at this stage Einstein was assuming a zero cosmological constant, so it may not have occurred to him that it might someday be possible to determine empirically that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, thereby automatically proving that the universe is open.
	www.mathpages.com /rr/s7-01/7-01.htm (3927 words)

	Physics Myths and physics facts
		Gravitation: Modern theories of gravitation assume that the gravitational force between two masses is not an instantaneous interaction but is communicated by field quanta (gravitons) moving with the speed of light.
		Gravitational Lensing: The bending of light around massive astronomical objects is generally attributed to gravity and considered as a proof for Einstein's General Relativity.
		Gravitational Waves: Gravitational Waves are formally predicted as a possible solution of Einstein's field equations.
	www.physicsmyths.org.uk (8155 words)

	Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The orbit of the Earth is elliptical; the extreme points, called apsides, are the perihelion, where the Earth is closest to the Sun (January 2 in 2000), and the aphelion, where the Earth is farthest from the Sun (July 2 in 2000).
		Because of gravitational disturbances by the other planets, the shape and orientation of the orbit are not fixed, and the apsides slowly move with respect to a fixed frame of reference.
		The Gaussian year is the sidereal Year for a planet of negligible mass (relative to the Sun) and unperturbed by other planets that is governed by the Gaussian gravitational constant.
	year.iqnaut.net (1508 words)

	Theoretical Principles of Plasma Physics and Atomic Physics
		Gaussian cgs-units are used unless otherwise stated; for conversion into Practical- (SI-) units see the Conversion Table.
		Overlap Integral: The physical constants for atomic dipole transitions can generally be obtained by considering the power radiated by an oscillator whose dipole moment is given by the quantum mechanical overlap integral
		For the calculation of the density of atomic levels populated by recombination, it is important that Radiative Recombination has to be described as a two-step process (see /research/levschem.htm), i.e.
	www.plasmaphysics.org.uk (7930 words)

	G - Glossary of chemical terms
		Gaussian system of units is a hybrid system used in electromagnetic theory, which combines features of both the electrostatic cgs subsystem (esu) and electromagnetic cgs subsystem (emu).
		Gibbs free energy is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature.
		Gravitational constant (G) is the universal constant in the equation for the gravitational force between two particles
	www.ktf-split.hr /periodni/en/abc/g.html (753 words)

	Galaxy Formation Research Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Martel and Shapiro (1999) calculated the maximum fraction of matter which is able to condense out of the expanding background universe by gravitational instability - the asymptotic collapsed fraction - for any universe which is unbound and, hence, will expand forever.
		the cosmological constant or so-called "quintessence"), perturbed by Gaussian random noise matter-density fluctuations.
		When this happens, gravitational instability is suppressed and, with it, so is the growth of the collapsed fraction.
	galileo.as.utexas.edu /research_unbound.html (394 words)

	Time Scales
		In 1950 the Conference on the Fundamental Constants of Astronomy held by the CNRS in Paris recommended that the IAU adopt a time scale based on orbital motions as described by Newcomb's tables.
		Consequently, the values of physical constants (including the length of the meter) to be used with calculations using TCG differ from the traditional values of physical constants.
		Consequently, the values of physical constants (including the length of the meter) to be used with calculations using TCB differ from the traditional values of physical constants.
	www.ucolick.org /~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html (13057 words)

	Gaussian gravitational constant concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gaussian gravitational constant concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		has definition The constant defining the astronomical system of units of length (astronomical unit), mass (solar mass) and time (day), by means of Kepler's third law.
		are those of Newton's constant of gravitation: L
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/Gaussiangravitationalconstant.html (75 words)

	Astrodynamic Constants
		This page contains selected constants commonly used in astrodynamic computations.
		Specifically, some values are derived from other constants and/or results of numerical fits to measured data (e.g.
		Constants are represented in three groups: "defining", "primary", and "derived".
	ssd.jpl.nasa.gov /?constants (93 words)

	astronomical unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is defined as the radius of a circular orbit in which a body of negligible mass, and free from perturbations, would revolve around the sun in 2π/k days, where k is the Gaussian gravitational constant.
		In 1976 the 16th General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union defined the astronomical unit of length (as part of the International System of Astronomical Constants) as “that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant (k) takes the value 0.
		The value chosen for the Gaussian gravitational constant makes an AU approximately the earth-sun distance; expressing the value of the AU in meters makes one AU = 1.495 978 70 × 10
	www.sizes.com /units/astronomical_unit.htm (346 words)

	Physics Essays - An International Journal Dedicated To Fundamental Questions In Physics
		The Disturbance of Gravitational Field and the Secular Acceleration of the Moon
		Remarks on the Equivalence of Inertial and Gravitational Masses and on the Accuracy of Einstein's Theory of Gravity
		On Incompatibility Of Gravitational Radiation to the 1915 Einstein Equation
	www.physicsessays.com (2537 words)

	Computing planetary positions
		Compute d for the moment we want to compute a position, call it d (section 3).
		The constant k is the Gaussian gravitational constant: k = 0.01720209895 exactly!
		This algorithm yields the true anomaly, v, and the heliocentric distance, r, for a nearly-parabolic orbit.
	www.stjarnhimlen.se /comp/ppcomp.html (5783 words)

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