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Topic: Geez language

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Semitic languages

Tigrigna language

Tigrigna

Canaanite languages

Tigre language

Soqotri language

Syriac language

Old South Arabian

Phoenician languages

Ethiopian Church

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

Maltese language

Eritrean Orthodox Church

Amharic language

Erythraea

	American Association of Teachers of Arabic Homepage \| AATA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Arabic is the language of a rich culture and civilization dating back many centuries; it was the language of Muhammad, the Messenger of God and Prophet of Islam, and the Qur'an.
		Its language is unmistakably that of the poetic corpus of the sixth century.
		It is a potent symbol of Arab cultural and (in the sense that it is the language of the Qur'an) religious unity.
	www.wm.edu /aata/arabic.php (2051 words)

	ethiopian jewish culture - language - Israel Association for Ethiopian Jews
		The central languages are Amharic (official national language), Tigrit, and Oromo.
		Geez is an ancient Semitic language used exclusively in prayer.
		Today in some of the institutes of higher learning Geez is taught in order to preserve the written and oral knowledge of this ancient tongue.
	www.iaej.co.il /pages/our_culture_language.htm (128 words)

	Ethiopian Writing System - Baye Yimam
		Languages that have these symbols are called written languages whereas those that do not have them are known simply as spoken languages.
		And Geez is not an immigrant; it is indigenous.
		In a multi-lingual society, the ownership of a literary piece written in a given language is determined not by the identity of the language itself or by the ethnic origin of the writer, but rather by the social-life the writings reflect and the society they are written about.
	www.ethiopians.com /bayeyima.html (6639 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Are African languages important?
		Language easily brings about acceptance and appreciation which earns one an advantage.The more languages one speaks, reads or writes the better and more advantage he or she would have in this global village of ours.
		Language is a link to identity, and therefore very important to the group it's specific to, it's what sets you apart as a different people.
		African language as a subject in schools should be made compulsory in areas where such languages are spoken for the first few years of school.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/5072596.stm (5614 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Are African languages important?
		Swahili is the most widely spoken African language available in text on the net, but in general the presence of African languages is dismal compared to languages spoken in the West.
		Language is one of the factors that helps to create a sense of strong cultural identity and a sense of belonging to a society.
		African languages are important because the social, political and economic development of the vast majority of the people of Africa depend on the proper and systematic use of their indigenous languages.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/5072596.stm (5613 words)

	Arabic language and history by ALS International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Arabic is the official language of Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara, and Yemen as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
		In addition, it is widely spoken in countries such as Somalia and is the language of the holy writings of Muslims throughout the world.
		While the origins of the Semitic language family are currently in dispute among scholars, there is agreement that they flourished in the Mediterranean Basin area, especially in the Tigris-Euphrates river basin and in the coastal areas of the Levant.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/arabic.htm (891 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Semitic, pt. 2
		You have reached the second page on Semitic Languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 4-29-2003 Geez (Afro-Asiatic) is the literary language developed by missionaries for the translation of the scriptures after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century A.D. It is the official language of the Ethiopian Christian church, and is written with the Ethiopic alphabet.
		It was the language of the Ugaritic civilization in the ancient Near East.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/semite2h.htm (1306 words)

	[No title]
		The Geez language became a writtenlanguage only after it took 24 of the 29 Sabean characters andmodified 16 of them into a different look.
		Once the first sets(base) of Geez scripts are known, most of the other scripts canbe studied easily by making orderly extensions (to the base).Mostly, it involves adding a dash (-) either on one of theirsides, or on their bottoms (legs), etc. In short, the scripts arenot totally dissimilar.
		In a multi-lingual society, theownership of a literary piece written in a given language isdetermined not by the identity of the language itself or by theethnic origin of the writer, but rather by the social-life thewritings reflect and the society they are written about.
	chora.virtualave.net /bayeyima.html (6092 words)

	J. M. Harden, An introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature (1926)
		The characters too of the Geez alphabet are obviously a development of the Sabean; in fact two of the earliest inscriptions extant in Geez are written in Sabean letters.
		Two, which may be described as daughter languages of Geez, are still spoken in the north of the country, including the Dahlak Islands in the Red Sea.
		The Geez language was quite unknown in Europe till the end of the fifteenth century, when Portuguese travellers visited the country, attracted thither by legends as to the famous Prester John.
	www.ccel.org /p/pearse/morefathers/harden_ethiopic_literature.htm (20071 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Geez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ancient language of Ethiopia, Semitic in origin with an intermingling of Arabic and Greek, the literary language of Abyssinia up to the 16th century, and at present used as a liturgical language.
		The translation of the Bible from Greek into Geez in the 4th or 5th centuries was the work of many scholars, the unity of version being due only to deliberate effort.
		In 1833 a German traveler discovered a Geez inscription, referring to a monarch of Axum, and valuable for the history of the Semitic alphabet.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03493.htm (97 words)

	languagehat.com: ON REFUSING TO READ YOUR OWN LANGUAGE.
		Tigre became a written language at the end of the 19th century, when Swedish missionaries translated the Bible into it using Ge-ez script.
		The use of Ge-ez script to write Tigre is a barrier to many Muslims, because Ge-ez is the holy language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
		The parallel with Latin is good but in the place of Latin there was another proto-Ethio-Semitic language, Geez, Tigre, Tigrinya and Proto-South-Ethio-Semitic were among its daughters.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000454.php (511 words)

	Names of Ethiopic Digits
		Digitizing the Geez was not a problem considering the limited pixels that were available for displaying the Ethiopic alphanumeric characters on the computer screen adapters.
		The gif below is that of Geez numerals 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100.
		The longevity of the Geez numerals may also have been because their major problem is still the absence of zero, if we compare them with others like the Roman numerals, acrophonic Greek and Babylonian cuneiforms.
	www.ethiopic.com /ETHIOPIC/numerals.htm (934 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second resembles late script;this category came six centuries after the first.The third is Geez writings with a distinct script and language.
		The sabaean script was not very compatible with Geez pronounciation,so The Aksumites(the people who lived in the Eritrean and Tigral plateau),on first embracing Christianity,had to invent this script,which added to its letters something resembling stresses,in an independent style making it a compromise between Semitic and Greek scripts.
		If we compare now the Geez with the Armenian written literature which began in the 5th century A.D. One would come to the conclusion that we didn`t copied any letters from Armenians.
	www.abyssiniagateway.net /fidel/HISTORY2.txt (169 words)

	Collation
		When we consider that Ethiopia and Eritrea together have upwards of 80 languages it should come as no surprise to learn that no single language uses all of the characters in the Unicode definition of Ethiopic.
		As is the case in Europe and North America a person generally learns the letters they need for their particular language and might go their lifetime oblivious to additional letters, or even slightly different use of common letters, in neighboring languages.
		The "Abegede" collation should remain an option in a Ge'ez language locale when dealing with this class of literature where it is expected.
	www.geez.org /Collation (979 words)

	geez - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Geez, geez : Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, 10th Edition [home, info]
		Ge'ez, geez : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include geez: geez abugida, geez language, geez writing system
	www.onelook.com /?w=geez (164 words)

	Mekalih Yared Bahili Tigrai - Ethiopian Music, Tigrai / Tigray Music, Art, and Culture! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His father having died in the meantime, his mother, Tauklia, placed him in the hands of her brother, Abba Gedeon, who was the parish priest, with the request that he should raise and educate Yared.
		The three modes: Geez, Ezel and ararai are supposed to represent the Father, The Son and the Holy ghost respectively.
		All these are chanted in the three modes of Geez, Ezel and Ararai and non of St. Yared's compositions departs from these three modes.
	www.tigrai.org /Meqalih/yared.htm (3046 words)

	CHAPTER XI
		The language of that civilization was Geez (a Semitic language influenced by the Cushitic languages’ lexical structure).
		Their language is closer to the dead Geez language which was the Church language.
		At the same time, because of that closeness and the fact that Geez was not only the Church language, but also the official state language, the Tigrayans rightfully became, in the words of Donald Levine, the ‘cultural aristocracy of Ethiopia’.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-13/chapter_xi.htm (6134 words)

	EthnoMed: Tigrean Cultural Profile
		It was a highly literate society, soon developing an alphabet, and it is from the language Geez that modern Tigrinya, the language of Tigry and Eritrea has evolved.
		Tigrinya is derived from Geez, during the 4th century.
		The Tigreans were not allowed to use their language in their local school system or judicial system prior to 1991.
	ethnomed.org /cultures/tigrean/tig_cp.html (1987 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• Nearly Extinct Languages
		This is a list of more than 750 languages found designated by Ethnologue as already extinct or nearly extinct today.
		Of course, there are many more languages besides these in danger of extinction by the end of the century, many as yet undiscovered by Europeans.
		This list will give you an idea of where the majority of threatened languages are spoken, if not their exact number.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/nextinct.html (94 words)

	Unicode Ge`ez
		This had lead to the contradiction that English-speaking people can use computers in their own language for free, while Tigrigna speakers (who have a mean per-capital of $250/year) may have to pay $90 to use a computer in their own language.
		When in Ge`ez, the output of the package is unicode representations of Ge`ez characters in UTF-8 encoding scheme as specified by ISO/IEC 10646-1 Amendment 10 and ISO/IEC 10646-1 Amendment 2 respectively.
		The key mapping for the Ge`ez characters will be modifiable either though a configuration file, or a configuration table in the software source code.
	www.punchdown.org /rvb/email/UniGeez.html (2058 words)

	Geez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Geez Magazine has set up camp in the outback of the spiritual commons.
		Today Ge'ez remains only as the main language used in the liturgy of the..
		Geez I thought this gave you tips on how to meet em..
	www.geez.info (847 words)

	PARTIE A - INFORMATIONS ESSENTIELLES
		Paul's Gospel (Bible: New Testament) - The manuscript is written on vellum in two columns in the Geez language in the XVth century.
		The Fourth Gospel (Bible: New Testament) - The manuscript is written on vellum in two columns in the Geez language in the XIVth century.
		Fetha Negest (Nomocanon) - The manuscript is written on vellum in two columns in the Geez language in the XIXth century.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/nominations/en/ethiopia/ethiopia.htm (1242 words)

	Ethioguide's Haile Gerima Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Then there was the traditional Ethiopian writings, the epic poems, traditional praise songs in Geez and Amharic.
		In fact, because I don't have a Geez background, by Ethiopian standards I am a very uneducated person.
		Haile - I tried to utilize the folkloric richness of my upbringing as a landscape to illustrate "Adwa." I put in as much energy as a fiction film in terms of the cinematic language as well as the cultural context of Ethiopian society and how we remember and how memory is interjected in our upbringing.
	www.ethioguide.com /aa-ethioguide/ethioguide/spotlight/morehaile.htm (2205 words)

	Gbaya language resources
		nasals' in Greenberg (ed.) Universals of Language, pp 50-60 as cited in Williamson art.cit.
		GBAYA, NORTHWEST: a language of Central African Republic The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th...
		GBAYA: a language of Sudan The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Gbaya.html (1413 words)

	----Geez software, Amharic software or Ethiopic Software, Find out how to use Geez software in easy way
		Efont is a remapped keyboard layout making Ethiopian language writing in Geez easier and more intuitive on US/European QWERTY or similar keyboards.
		You can now have your book written, website built, database designed or your e-mail sent in one of the Ethiopian languages using Geez characters in an easy and simple way.
		Here for the first time is specific information on the nuts and bolts of how to get your Geez character written in a simple and easy way.
	www.amharicsoftwares.com (623 words)

	Music
		Since Yared was now a highly gifted student, he finished his studies with astounding results and thereafter became a deacon.
		From his teacher Abba Gedeon he had learnt Hebrew and Greek and was fluent in both these languages.
		Geez means the plain chant for ordinary days; Ezel means a more measured beat for funerals; Ararai means a lighter, free mood for great festivals.
	www.st-gebriel.org /Styared/gab_yared_music.htm (2986 words)

	New Scholary Info on Ethiopia
		Some of these monks were eminent scholars well versed in Ethiopian languages, history and culture as well as theology and philosophy.
		Abba Tomas of Waldiba, who called himself son of Samuel, after the patron saint and founder of his monastery, was the pioneer in the scholastic endeavor of teaching the Geez alphabet and grammar in Europe.
		The edited annotated translation of Ethiopian books and documents to European languages have added new dimension to the original texts and made them accessible to readers who are not versed with Geez the classical ethiopic - or Amharic.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/sellassie/articles.html (7767 words)

	learning japanese... - Kendo World Forums
		Barron's uses the same format for other languages in the series (e.g French, Spanish, etc.).
		They are all using the living language with all sorts of dialects.
		One's native language is learning through listening, then speaking, then reading.
	www.kendo-world.com /forum/showthread.php?t=538 (1509 words)

	eoc
		The messianic exhortation and declaration of praise" Hosanna Be-Ariam" in Geez language or Hosanna in the highest is a song of praise, homage, supplication and joy, recognizing Jesus' messianic kingdom.
		The shout of Hosanna in the Church liturgy continues to be a shout of praise and honor.
		Great multitude that no-one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb, wearing white robes, holding palm branches in their hands
	www.tewahdo.com /hossana.htm (404 words)

	Senamirmir Projects: Interview with Ethiopian philosopher G.E. Gorfu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		That gave me a good foundation to build on and study the ancient language, Geez.
		But, I don't, by any means, consider myself proficient, as a Geez scholar ought to be.
		My knowledge of Geez quene, for example, leaves much to be desired.
	www.senamirmir.com /theme/8-2002/geg/close_up.html (1327 words)

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