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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/King of the Geats
		Geatish kings (Rex Getarum/Gothorum) existed since the provinces of Götaland/Gautland/Geatland are considered to have been more or less independent with their own petty kings.
		Högne 7th century, the king of East Götaland (in the Heimskringla) and the father-in-law of Hjörvard.
		During the civil wars, however, certain kings appeared as the kings of Geatish provinces, failing to hold the Swedish core provinces in Svealand.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Geatish_kings (540 words)

	Geat - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It relates that when the Hunnish Horde invaded the land of the Goths and the Gothic king Angantyr desperately tried to marshal the defenses, it was the Geatish king Gizur who answered his call.
		Stenkil, a Geat, was elected king of Sweden, and the Geats would be influential in the shaping of Sweden as a Christian kingdom.
		One of these Swedish kings was Ragnvald Knaphövde, who in 1125 was riding with his retinue in order to be accepted as king by the Geats of Westrogothia.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Geats (1888 words)

	Wikipedia: Viking
		The Geatish Society, of which Geijer was a member, popularized this myth to a great extent.
		In addition the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark and Sweden evolved and it is to be believed that their kings wanted more peaceful circumstances.
		This is a latter-day myth created by national romantic ideas in Sweden at the end of the 19th century, notably the Geatish Society, and further imprinted by cartoons like Hagar the Horrible or Asterix and numerous fictitious movies.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/v/vi/viking.html (1368 words)

	Family
		Anund arranged a marriage for his son Ingjald with Gauthild, the daughter of the Geatish king Algaut, who was the son of Gautrek the Mild and the grand-son of Gaut.
		Gauthild's maternal grandfather was Olof the Sharp-sighted, the king of Nerike.
		The kings at Uppsala were the foremost among the kings of the various provinces since Odin ruled the country, and they were the supreme chiefs of the other kingdoms since the death of Agne and Sweden was divided between Erik and Alrik.
	www.chazgod.com /Genealogy/fam00459.htm (1180 words)

	The Heroic Age: Redundant Ethnogenesis in Beowulf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The settlement of the Danelaw under treaty after 878, with the baptism of the viking leader Guthrum as King Alfred's godson and his consecration as King of East Anglia, is thus the most likely context for the interest of the West Saxon royal family in the legendary traditions of their defeated attackers and new neighbors.
		A Geatish hero may in consequence have had a pointed, political significance for the Anglian, Jutish or other members of the poem's audience who may have come to fancy themselves to be of Geatish extraction.
		The Swedish king Onela, an enemy of the Geatish hero, is praised in the highest terms, with the emphatic litotes reserved for Scyld Scefing himself (line 2390).
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/5/Davis1.html (6326 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Halfdan
		The Ynglinga saga gives Halfdan (in this work also son of a king named Fróði) a brother named Fridleif and says both were great warriors but that Halfdan was the better of the two.
		Thus the tradition in Beowulf of a feud between the Danes and Heathobards in which Fróda king of the Heathobards was slain appears in Norse texts as a family feud in which Halfdan's brother Fróði kills Halfdan and Halfdan's sons kill Fróði.
		A similar story is told in the Gesta Danorum (Book 7) of two brother kings named Harold and Fróði in which the envious Fróði has his brother Harold killed by treachery.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Halfdan (1150 words)

	Geat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surprisingly, it would be the Geatish name that became the common term in the Swedish kingdom.
		This is possibly related to the fact that several of the medieval Swedish kings were of Geatish extraction and often resided primarily in Götaland.
		The disappearance of the Geats as an ethnic identity is also testified by the fact that in 1974, the Swedish king stopped mentioning the Geats in his title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geats (1889 words)

	King of the Geats - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the Middle Ages until 1974, the king of Sweden, claimed the title king of the Geats as "king of Sweden and Geats/Goths" or "Rex Sweorum et Gothorum".
		When the sources become more reliable, Götaland is well integrated into the Swedish kingdom and from Stenkil and onwards most of the medieval Swedish kings did actually belong to Geatish clans (House of Stenkil, House of Sverker and the House of Bjelbo, possibly also the House of Eric).
		During the civil wars, however, certain kings appeared as the kings of Geatish provinces only, failing to hold the Swedish core provinces in Svealand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_of_the_Geats (538 words)

	[No title]
		Warden of treasure, crowned with glory, the king himself, with stately band from the bride-bower strode; and with him the queen and her crowd of maidens measured the path to the mead-house fair.
		The sturdy king had drawn his sword, not dull of edge, heirloom old; and each of the two felt fear of his foe, though fierce their mood.
		Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland, for their hero's passing his hearth-companions: quoth that of all the kings of earth, of men he was mildest and most beloved, to his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.
	poetry.eserver.org /beowulf.txt (21715 words)

	Wikipedia: Geats
		The name of the Geats lives on in the Swedish counties of Västra Götaland and Östergötland, the Western and Eastern lands of the Geats, as does the city Göteborg, known in English as Gothenburg.
		Lake Vänern, the largest lake in Sweden, is the major physical feature of the Geatish territory; from it, the Göta älv, or 'Geatish River,' flows through Gothenburg into Kattegat, and the North Sea.
		Starting in the 500s, the Geats slowly lost their independence and became tributaries of the Swedish kings.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/g/ge/geats.html (233 words)

	Viking
		In Russia, the Vikings were known as Varangians (Væringjar), and the Scandinavian bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors were known as the Varangian Guard.
		There is no evidence whatsoever that the Vikings on any occasions wore helmets with horns[?].
		This is a latter-day myth created by national romantic ideas in Sweden at the end of the 19th century, notably the Geatish society, and further imprinted by cartoons like Hagar The Horrible[?] or Asterix and numerous fictious movies.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/vi/Vikings.html (853 words)

	HISTORY OF BRITAIN, 407-597, by Fabio P. Barbieri
		Charibert belonged to the generation that followed the kings known to Procopius; his father was Lothar I, who, in spite of being Theudebert's uncle, survived him.
		Beowulf rescues the illustrious Hroðgar, king of the Danes (at this point based mainly or wholly on the islands) from a dreadful haunting, and, on his mother's side, is the nephew of the famous Hygelac of the Geats (from what is today Swedish Götaland).
		Her name, in ordinary Anglo-Saxon, would give the nonsensical Serf of a serf or the humiliating serf of the Welshmen or Romans, unimaginable for a woman of royal blood; and it follows that, in spite of the sound, the second part of Wealhþeow cannot be the ordinary Anglo-Saxon þeow, serf, bondman.
	www.geocities.com /vortigernstudies/fabio/book7.3.htm (5399 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Beowulf then became king of Geatland, and returns the assault by attacking Sweden, and helps Eadgils become king (Eadgils would become one of the most famous of legendary Swedish kings and he is found in several Scandinavian legends).
		Themes The poem depicts a Germanic warrior society, in which the relationship between the leader, or king, and his thanes is of paramount importance.
		The duty of avenging killed kinsmen became the undoing of king Hrethel, himself, because when his oldest son Herebeald was killed by his own brother Haethcyn in a hunting accident, it was a death that could not be avenged.
	www.xs4all.nl /~diamond4/Beowulf.doc (1113 words)

	Literacy, royal power, and king-poet relations in Old English and Old Norse compositions Comparative Literature - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Since the king grasps a symbol of Beowulf when the hero gives Hrothgar the hilt, Beowulf is in this scene symbolically handing over to the king control of his own praise-poem.
		The narrator thus draws attention to Hrothgar's possession of the hilt in order to stress the king's control over words, object, history, past, and poetic narrative-all in the form of the hilt.
		King Olafr refuses for the moment to hear one of Gunnlaugr's poems, tells him to sit down (79), and decides which of two court poets will speak first (80).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3612/is_199710/ai_n8769579/pg_12 (659 words)

	Sutton Hoo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Note that it is improper to consider the Sutton Hoo helmet to be of a spangenhelm style, since the bowl of the helm is actually raised from a single piece of metal, as opposed to being built up of multiple strips and plates.
		Although only trace human remains have been found, King Raedwald of East Anglia, the fourth bretwalda of England, who died at about the time of the burial, is the favourite candidate for who is buried in Mound 1.
		The proximity of Sutton Hoo to a royal centre of authority at Rendlesham (4 miles north-east) indicates a connection between Sutton Hoo and the East Anglia royal house.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Sutton_Hoo.htm (2474 words)

	Wsop Shirts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		I have slain the geatish by whom you were to be devoured, and am come to knock off your nurses.
		The kings daughter is all enzymatic within: her shirts is of three-hundred-foot gold.
		And she haunted her in shirts, and delivered to her perky raiment, and called to all the rosaries an too-simple-to-be-true sacrifice of reflexes, if haply Wisman might grant that toadies of requital should be made.
	wsop.us.com /wsop-shirts.html (959 words)

	CHAPTER 4
		Kings and their councilors recognize gaps between promulgated edicts and actual compliance; homilists know that confession is difficult, loving kinship in communities uncertain, and faith in God unsteady.
		Hygd’s offer of the Geatish crown to Beowulf exemplifies an episode on succession, significant in the poem and applicable to issues of kingship in Anglo-Saxon history.
		That he guides Beowulf and his Geatish companions to Wulfgar is a result, not of fear, but of an uncoerced judgment.
	www.bu.edu /english/levine/green.htm (6345 words)

	Goths - Gurupedia
		Though many of the fighting nomads who followed them were to prove more bloody, the Goths were feared because the captives they took in battle were sacrificed to their god of war (who was likely to have been either Tiu or Wodan), and the captured arms hung in trees as a token-offering.
		Their kings and priests came from a separate aristocracy, according to Cassiodorus/Jordanes, and their mythic kings of ancient times were honored as gods.
		The Goths were briefly reunited under one crown in the early sixth century under the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, who became regent of the Visigothic kingdom for nearly two decades.
	www.gurupedia.com /g/go/goths.htm (665 words)

	Tacitus "Germanien und seine Stämme"
		Some of these kings were in all likelihood historic kings within the present territory of Sweden, although the sources sometimes give contradictory information, such as the death of Ottar.
		Mythological kings of Sweden and Semi-legendary kings of Sweden.
		During peacetime, they feel to be the king's equals but during wars they obey him blindly or whoever among them that he considers to be the most skillful.
	wanclik.free.fr /tacitus.htm (10225 words)

	A History of Mercia
		Offa is alone in that of the mortal kings listed in the Anglo-Saxon genealogies that lived prior to the invasion of Great Britain (most of whom are not mentioned once outside the genealogies), he is mentioned in several surviving texts composed over at least a six hundred year span.
		Other Anglo-Saxon kings of the period also had their own skeletons in the closets, and when compared, Penda seems to be no better or worse than most of them.
		Yet, in favor of Penda as king of the Hwicce or another group in that area, there are many places named for Creoda, Pybba, and Penda in Warwickshire and Gloucestershire, and there is evidence of a Germanic presence in Hwicce in the 5th century.
	www.ealdriht.org /mercianhistory.html (7462 words)

	Viking - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		But the three nations were not yet clearly separated, and still united by the common Old Norse language.
		The earliest date given for a Viking raid is 787 AD when, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a group of men from Norway sailed to Portland, in Dorset.
		The next recorded attack, dated June 8, 793 AD, was on the monastery at Lindisfarne – the "Holy Island" – on the east coast of England.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Vikings (2929 words)

	Beowulf Guide - Hero
		The kings relied on the willingness of their people to follow them - in exchange for lands and rewards.
		n inherent loyalty to kings or heroes of their own people, and with a propensity to find 'role models' throughout the world where they traded their support (Wormald, 11-12).
		The fundamental principle was that the warrior owed loyalty (in theory to the point of death) in return for his lord's generous reward" (Wormald, 11).
	cal.bemidjistate.edu /english/alindahl/beowulf/hero.html (947 words)

	SparkNotes: Beowulf: Lines 1-300
		At this time, Beowulf, nephew of the Geatish king Hygelac, is the greatest hero in the world.
		It is not surprising that Beowulf begins with a tribute to the ancestry of King Hrothgar, since within the warrior culture that the poem depicts, patriarchal lineage is an extremely important component of one’s identity.
		Characters are regularly named as the sons of their fathers—Beowulf, for example, is often referred to as “Ecgtheow’s son.” Patriarchal history anchors the story in a linear time frame that stretches forward and backward through the generations.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/beowulf/section1.html (1121 words)

	The Heroic Age: Beowulf and the Wills (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Beowulf retains vestiges of the prestige queens enjoyed: Wealhtheow gives the richest ring in Heorot, Hygd feels free to manipulate the Geatish succession, and the merewife is manifestly more powerful than her son Grendel, despite the poet's hastening to say that femininity alone makes her the weaker monster (lines 1282b-87).
		The wills also reflect feminine power and status-part of the noblewoman's Germanic birthright-which declined steadily after the Conquest, falling to the point where, by 1285, the wife no longer had the right to make a will nor, implicitly, any other right to alienate property controlled by her husband and inherited by her eldest son.
		For instance, King Edgar's Ealdorman Alfheah bestows one estate upon his son and one upon his sister's son (Whitelock 1930:no. IX).
	www.heroicage.org /issues/5/Glosecki1.html (6536 words)

	The Heroic Age: Wicked Queens and Cousin Strategies, Notes and Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In this view Beowulf's hypothetical sister, grand-daughter and niece of Geatish kings, makes an "out-marriage" to Weohstan, who appears to be a Swede from the fact that he serves with the Swedes against the Geats and indeed against Heardred, who would be his wife's cousin.
		The question of whether Wiglaf, related only in the maternal line and at two removes to Geatish royalty, could be seen as a plausible successor to Beowulf (also related only in the maternal line but at only one remove) is a difficult one.
		Keynes, Simon (1998) "King Alfred and the Mercians" Pp.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/5/Shippey2.html (1802 words)

	[No title]
		As both Beowulf and Hygelac know, -- and the folk for whom the Beowulf was put together also knew, -- Froda was king of the Heathobards (probably the Langobards, once near neigh- bors of Angle and Saxon tribes on the continent), and had fallen in fight with the Danes.
		[2] That is, the king could claim no wergild, or man-price, from one son for the killing of the other.
		* Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland, for their hero's passing his hearth-companions: quoth that of all the kings of earth, of men he was mildest and most beloved, to his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /gopher/text/medieval/Beowulf (21764 words)

	Ayleen's Wiki: EowynWealhtheow
		As Hrothgar mentions, they "are the race of the Geatish nation, / sworn hearth-companions of Hygelac their king" (Beowulf 260-61) and that he knew Beowulf when he had been a child when he had paid the Wylfings a feud price and in turn received Beowulf's father's oaths of (fealty?).
		She is of noble blood as women were wont to be when married to kings and so became Queen of the (Scyldings?) as Hrothgar became king.
		At times of war, the associates that may approach a kings house would be welcomed by a calming figure, one that can instill courage and hope to those that may not have it after days or even years of fighting.
	biro.bemidjistate.edu /cgi/ayleensWiki.pl?EowynWealhtheow (2211 words)

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