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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gebhart v. Belton
		Gebhart is unique among the four Brown cases in that the trial court ordered that African-American children be admitted to the state's segregated whites-only schools, and the state Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's decision.
		Gebhart was brought by Sarah Bulah, a resident of the rural town of Hockessin, Delaware.
		Gebhart was filed in 1951 in the Delaware Court of Chancery by lawyers Jack Greenberg and Louis Redding under a strategy formulated by Robert L. Carter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Belton_v._Gebhart (2358 words)

	Gebhart v. Belton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gebhart is unique among the four Brown cases in that the trial court ordered that African-American children be admitted to the state's segregated whites-only schools, and the state Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's decision.
		Gebhart was brought by Sarah Bulah, a resident of the rural town of Hockessin, Delaware.
		Gebhart was filed in 1951 in the Delaware Court of Chancery by lawyers Jack Greenberg and Louis Redding under a strategy formulated by Robert L. Carter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gebhart_v._Belton (2195 words)

	Belton (Bulah) v. Gebhart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Gebhart was brought by parents in Claymont, who were forced to send their children to a run-down segregated high school in Wilmington rather than a school in the community.
		Gebhart was brought by Sarah Bulah, a parent who had made several attempts to convince the Delaware Department of Public Instruction to provide bus transportation for fl children in the town of Hockessin.
		The children were denied admission and in 1951, the cases Belton v.
	www.nps.gov /archive/brvb/pages/belton.htm (259 words)

	Encyclopedia: Belton v. Gebhart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Gebhart is unique among the four cases in that the original judge, the federal district court judge, and the Supreme Court found for the plaintiffs.
		Gebhart was brought by Ethel Belton and six other parents of eight negro high school students in Claymont, Delaware, who were forced to send their children to a run-down segregated high school in Wilmington rather than a school in their community.
		Gebhart was brought by Sarah Bulah, who had made several attempts to convince the Delaware Department of Public Instruction to provide bus transportation for her child Shirley Barbara Bulah and other fl children in the town of Hockessin.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Belton-v.-Gebhart (1055 words)

	The University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law - Brown V BOE
		Garrett, 4 Cir., 183 F.2d 582; Briggs v.
		The plaintiff, Ethel Louise Belton, was at the time of trial fifteen years of age, and was attending Howard High School in the tenth grade, the lowest grade of the senior high school.
		She and all the other plaintiffs are residents of the Claymont Special School District in New Castle County, in which a public school with grades 1 to 12 (both elementary and secondary grades) is maintained for white pupils by the school authorities of the State and of the special school district.
	www.law.arizona.edu /Frontpage/BrownVBOE/Cases/casehistory11.htm (7860 words)

	Gebhart v. Belton -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Belton ((additional info and facts about Court citation) Court citation:33 Del. Ch.
		Board of Education, the famous case in which the (additional info and facts about U.S. Supreme Court) U.S. Supreme Court, in 1954, officially overturned (Segregation by race) racial segregation in U.S. (Private independent secondary school in Great Britain supported by endowment and tuition) public schools.
		Gebhart was originally filed in (A Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies) Delaware and was originally litigated by lawyers (additional info and facts about Jack Greenberg) Jack Greenberg and Louis Redding under a strategy formulated by Robert L. Carter of the (additional info and facts about NAACP) NAACP.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gebhart_v._belton.htm (133 words)

	Gebhart v. Belton, etc. -- Opinion -- 33 Del. Ch. 144 ; 91 A.2d 137
		It is nevertheless argued that the cases of Plessy v.
		Ethel Louise Belton, as well as the other plaintiffs in this case, pupils of high school age, made application to enter the Claymont High School and were refused admittance as pupils solely on account of race or color.
		As above stated, plaintiff Ethel Louise Belton is required to travel to Wilmington every morning on a public bus, and then, on two afternoons of the week, to walk nine blocks to the Carver building, which she leaves at five-thirty o'clock.
	brownvboard.org /research/opinions/gebhart2.htm (7818 words)

	BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Belton, the plaintiffs are Negro children of both elementary and high school age residing in New Castle County.
		This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment.
		To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.
	www.johnfarago.com /ed/brown1.htm (3344 words)

	Educators and Students - Documents Related to Brown v. Board of Education
		Belton was born in 1937 and died in 1981.
		Sarah Bulah, who was born in 1947, filed suit on behalf of her daughter, Shirley Barbara Bulah, against Francis B. Gebhart and 12 others (both individuals and state education agencies) for denying Sarah and the other named plaintiffs admission to certain public schools because of color or ancestry, in the case Bulah et al.
		Francis Gebhart, as a member of the State Board of Education of the State of Delaware, was named as the lead defendant in both segregation cases, Bulah et al.
	www.archives.gov /education/lessons/brown-v-board/bios.html?template=print (2548 words)

	Gebhart v Belton (Del. 1952) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On two days of the week, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, she leaves that building and walks to the Carver building, a distance of about nine city blocks, to take courses in shorthand and typewriting, which are given between the hours of three-thirty and five- thirty.
		As above stated, plaintiff Ethel Louise Belton is required to travel to Wilmington every morning on a public bus, and then, on two afternoons of the week, to walk nine blocks to the Carver building, which she leaves at five- thirty o'clock.
		That case involved a consolidation of three Negro high schools in the towns of Plymouth, Roper and Respell into one improved school at Roper to be equal in all respects (in fact superior) to the schools for whites.
	brownat50.org /brownCases/LowerCourtDecisions/GebhartvBeltonDel52.html (7951 words)

	Gebhart
		Small it was, in the large Gebhart Roman record, and her haunting sense of the continuity of the human Belton gebhart vs lot easily carried her from the less to the greater.
		Pansy, as we know, was almost always Dick gebhart her companion, and of late the Countess Gemini, balancing a pink parasol, had Belton gebhart vs lent brilliancy to their equipage; but she still occasionally found herself alone when it suited her mood and where it suited the place.
		Gary gebhart On the afternoon I began Belton gebhart v with speaking of, she had taken a resolution not to think of Madame Merle; but the resolution proved vain, and this lady's image hovered constantly before Gebhart her.
	adhafera.yehat.com /article/gebhart.html (530 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education I (1954)
		Belton, the plaintiffs are Negro children of both elementary and high school age residing in New Castle
		Belton, 344 U.S. 891, 73 S.Ct.213, 97 L.Ed.
		To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.
	www.soc.umn.edu /~samaha/cases/brown_v_bd_ed.html (3648 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education
		This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment.
		Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system.
		Belton et al., on certiorari to the Supreme Court of Delaware, argued December 11, 1952, reargued December 9, 1953.
	www.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0347_0483_ZO.html (3250 words)

	What Was Brown v. Board of Education?
		Board of Education was a group of five legal appeals that challenged the "separate but equal" basis for racial segregation in public schools in Kansas, Virginia (Dorothy Davis v.
		Gebhart, fl parents in Claymont petitioned for both a better school building and bus transportation.
		Because the Fourteenth Amendment was not applicable to the District of Columbia, the Supreme Court gave a separate opinion on Bolling v.
	www.lva.lib.va.us /whoweare/exhibits/brown/whatwas.htm (681 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas - "With an Even Hand": Brown v. Board at Fifty (Library of ...
		Oliver Brown, one of thirteen plaintiffs, had agreed to participate on behalf of his seven-year-old daughter Linda, who had to walk six blocks to board a school bus that drove her to the all-fl Monroe School a mile away.
		In 1950 Louis Redding filed a lawsuit on behalf of Sarah Bulah to admit her daughter Shirley to a nearby white elementary school, after the Delaware Board of Education refused to allow her to board an all-white school bus that drove pass their home.
		In 1951, Redding filed a second suit on behalf of Ethel Belton and nine other plaintiffs, whose children were barred from attending the all-white high school in their community.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/brown/brown-brown.html (4342 words)

	NJPEP: Virtual Academy
		This was the first case to reach the United States Supreme Court that challenged the constitutionality of segregated educational facilities.
		The U.S. District court dismissed the case on the basis of a recent ruling by the Court of Appeals in Carr v.
		Nabrit filed an appeal and was awaiting a hearing when the Supreme Court sent word that it was interested in considering the case along with the other four segregation cases already pending.
	www.state.nj.us /njded/njpep/pd/BrownvBoard/statelevelcases.htm (1002 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education
		We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities?
		Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system.
		Belton et al., on certiorari to the Supreme Court of Delaware, argued December 11, 1952, reargued December 9, 1953.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0347_0483_ZO.html (3250 words)

	NJPEP: Virtual Academy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Gebhart was brought by parents in Claymont, who were forced to send their children to a run-down segregated high school in Wilmington rather than a school in the community.
		Gebhart was brought by Sarah Bulah, a parent who had made several attempts to convince the Delaware Department of Public Instruction to provide bus transportation for fl children in the town of Hockessin.
		Particularly galling was the fact that a bus for white children passed her house twice a day, but would not pick up her daughter.
	www.njpep.org /tutorials/BrownvBoard/statelevelcases.htm (1001 words)

	Other Cases
		Gebhart, two fl schools from Delaware; Howard High in Wilmington and a one-room elementary school in Hockessin, petitioned for equal transportation to their one-room school.
		The Belton and Bulah cases would ultimately join four other NAACP cases in the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v.
		The court ruled against the petitioners and ordered schools to be equalized, focusing on equalization and ignoring the broader question of the constitutionality of segregation.
	www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us /brown_v_board/other_cases.htm (825 words)

	Committee Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Board of Education decision, all Americans are encouraged to observe this anniversary with a commitment to continuing and building on the legacy of Brown, having considered the same, report favorably thereon without amendment and recommend that the concurrent resolution be agreed to.
		Belton, 91 A.2d 137 (Del. 1952), marked a victory for the African American school children of Claymont, Delaware, who had previously been prevented from attending the local high school.
		Clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives does not apply because this is a concurrent resolution.
	www.congress.gov /cgi-bin/cpquery/R?cp108:FLD010:@1(hr485) (1758 words)

	BROWN ET AL. v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA ET AL. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		J., the Supreme Court unanimously held that the plaintiffs, by reason of the segregation complained of, were deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.
		Ferguson, 163 US 537, 41 L Ed 256, 16 S Ct 1138, involving equality in transportation facilities, under which equality of treatment is accorded by providing Negroes and whites substantially equal, though separate, facilities, was held to have no place in the field of public education.
		The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the states from maintaining racially segregated public schools, even though the physical facilities and other tangible factors, such as curricula and qualifications and salaries of teachers, may be equal.
	comp.uark.edu /~jterrel/schoollaw/CASES/BrownvBoard.htm (4975 words)

	Brown v Board Finding Aid Scope and History
		Board of Education of Topeka from those who, in one way or another, were involved with the cases before they reached the Supreme Court, or who were involved in or affected by the ruling in some way (i.e., victims, plaintiff, and beneficiaries).
		The District Court ruled in favor of the school board and the case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
		Judge Collin Seitz, in this case ruled that the “separate but equal” doctrine had been violated and that the plaintiffs were entitled to immediate admission to the white school in their communities.
	www.kshs.org /research/collections/documents/personalpapers/findingaids/brownvboard/BrownScopeandHistory.htm (3213 words)

	Delaware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Gebhart) was named after Ethel Belton and Shirley Bulah.
		These cases were first petitioned in 1951 for the reason that the suburb of Claymont prohibited African American students from attending the area’s local high schools.
		The state’s Supreme Court decision was in agreement with the plaintiffs; however, the ruling did not apply to all the schools in Delaware.
	www.friscoisd.org /schools/chs/tcea/brown/Delaware.htm (180 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A companion case dealt with the constitutionality of segregation in the District of Columbia, (not a state and therefore not subject to the Fourteenth Amendment), Bolling v.
		The Delaware case was unique in that the District Court judge in Gebhart ordered that the fl students be admitted to the white high school due to the substantial harm of segregation and the differences which made the schools separate but not equal.
		The NAACP's chief counsel, Thurgood Marshall—who was later appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1967—argued the case before the Supreme Court for the plaintiffs.
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/b/br/brown_v__board_of_education.html (2653 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education - TheBestLinks.com - Linda Brown, Delaware, District of Columbia, De jure, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		For much of the 90 years preceding 1954, race relations in the United States had been dominated by segregation, a system of racial separation which, while in name providing for separate but equal treatment of both white and fl Americans, in truth perpetuated inferior accommodation, services, and treatment for fl Americans.
		Brown is undoubtedly the most famous of a group of U.S. Supreme Court cases which principally deal with the struggle of fl Americans to recover the rights of citizenship expressly given to them by the Constitution of the United States.
		In this second Brown decision, "Brown II," the Warren Court ordered the states' compliance with Brown I "with all deliberate speed." Even so, formal compliance with the provisions of these two cases was not expedited, and in the South most public schools would not be desegregated until about 1970 under the Nixon administration.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Linda_Brown.html (739 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Attorneys General of the states requiring or permitting segregation in public education will also be permitted to appear as amici curiae upon request to do so by September 15, 1954, and submission of briefs by October 1, 1954.
		The three-judge District Court, convened under 28 U.S.C. 2281 and 2284, found that segregation in public education has a detrimental effect upon Negro children, but denied relief on the ground that the Negro and white schools were substantially equal with respect to buildings, transportation, curricula, and educational qualifications of teachers.
		The case is here on direct appeal under 28 U.S.C. In the Delaware case, Gebhart v.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /brown/browncase.htm (3223 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Documenting Brown 5: Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
		The plaintiffs in four of the school desegregation cases argued that school segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment by denying fl schoolchildren "equal protection of the laws." In the fifth case, Bolling v.
		While the NAACP and the parents lost four of these five cases on the local level (the Delaware case being the exception), the organization was setting the stage for how these five cases would advance on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
		The justices agreed to rehear the case at a later date, but in 1953, just before the case was to be reheard, Chief Justice Fred Vinson died of a heart attack.
	teachersdomain.org /9-12/soc/ush/civil/browndoc1/printer_friendly.html (618 words)

	Copr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Belton, the plaintiffs are Negro children of both elementary and high school age residing in New Castle County.
		In each of the cases other than the Delaware case, a three‑judge federal district court denied relief to the plaintiffs on the so‑called 'separate but equal' doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v.
		Belton, 344 U.S. 891, 73 S.Ct. 213, 97 L.Ed.
	www.faculty.piercelaw.edu /redfield/library/case-brown1954.htm (4915 words)

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