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Topic: Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania

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Gediminas

History of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Jaunutis

Lithuania

List of Lithuanian rulers

Mindaugas

Vilna

Gediminaiciai

Samogitia

Jagiellonian

Sigismond Korybut

Algirdas

	Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gediminas was the son of Pukuveras Liutauras, Duke of Lithuania.
		Gediminas became Grand Duke (Didysis Kunigaikštis) of Lithuania in 1316 at the age of forty and died in 1341.
		Jaunutis initially ruled Vilnius after the death of his father and was formally Grand Duke of Lithuania until his elder brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis returned from military campaigns in Ruthenia and forced him to abdicate his throne in their favor.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Gediminas (215 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gediminas (known as Giedymin in Ruthenian; in Belarusian as Hiedymin (Ð“ÐµÐ´ÑÐ¼Ñ—Ð½) and Hiedzimin (Ð“ÐµÐ´Ð·Ñ—Ð¼Ñ—Ð½); ca 1275 â“ winter 1341 under Wielon) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania, King of Lithuanians and Ruthenians 1316 â“ 1341.
		He was the true founder of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a Baltic-Slavic empire claiming the heritage of ancient Kievan Rus.
		Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct....
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gediminas,-Duke-of-Lithuania (639 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was supposed by the earlier chroniclers to have been the ostler of Vytenis (additional info and facts about Vytenis), prince of Lithuania, but more probably he was Vytenis' younger brother and the son of Pukuveras Liutauras (additional info and facts about Pukuveras Liutauras), another Lithuanian prince.
		Gediminas became Grand Duke (A prince who rules a territory) (Didysis Kunigaikštis) of Lithuania (A republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea) in 1316 at the age of forty and ruled for 25 years.
		He also secured an alliance with the nascent grand duchy of Muscovy (A Russian principality in the 13th to 16th centuries; Moscow was the capital) by marrying his daughter, Anastasia, to the grand duke Simeon ((Old Testament) the 2nd son of Jacob and one of the 12 patriarchs of Israel).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gediminas,_duke_of_lithuania.htm (1182 words)

	Lithuania.htm
		Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1240 CE to resist the Teutonic Order.
		Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila (1382 -92 CE) married the queen of Poland Jadwyga.
		Lithuania was occupied and proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940 by the Soviet Union ending the independent Lithuania.
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /C4/Lithuania/Lithuania.htm (954 words)

	Gediminas Sprengel Museum: 24.04. - 23.06.2002 Nomeda & Gediminas Urbonasnomeda & Gediminas Urbonas Tr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gediminas Castle Gediminas Castle - a castle in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania.
		Gediminas Castle - a castle in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania.
		Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania Gediminas was the son of Pukuveras Liutauras, duke of Lithuania.
	www.99hosted.com /new-name56324.html (273 words)

	Columns of Gediminas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, the symbol was used by Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania, as his personal symbol.
		Until the times of Jogaila (Władysław Jagiełło), the symbol was also used on the other ancient symbol of Lithuania, the Vytis, as the symbol shown on the shield held by the knight.
		After the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union the symbol was officially banned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slupy_Giedymina (297 words)

	Gediminas Castle In Vilnius, Page I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Castle in the form as it is seen in the pictures, was mostly established by the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Gediminas and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas.
		Gediminas had chosen the banks of Vilnia river, as a place to construct a new town due to the favorable geographical position.
		After the occupation forces left, the castle along with the rest of the castles in Lithuania were mostly in ruins and never regained their former appearance and glory.
	www.silentwall.com /GediminasI.html (472 words)

	EUROPA - Enlargement: Candidate Country - Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lithuania extends 373 kilometres from East to West and 276 from North to South, and is 65301 km², almost twice the size of the Netherlands.
		Lithuania consists predominantly of gently rolling plains (55% of the total land area) and extensive forests (30.3% of the country).
		Lithuania was invited to start the negotiations in 1999 on the basis of the European Commission's advice in its 1999 Regular Report on the progress made by the Candidate Countries.
	europa.eu.int /comm/enlargement/lithuania (4384 words)

	Lithuania (10/05)
		Urbanization increased from 39% in 1959 to 68% in 1989.
		Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on September 18, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its organizations and other international agreements.
		Lithuania maintains foreign diplomatic missions in 60 countries on six continents, a consular post in one country that is not represented by an embassy, consular posts led by Honorary Consuls in 32 countries that are not represented by an embassy, and a special mission in one country without other diplomatic representation.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5379.htm (5174 words)

	biology - History of Vilnius
		It was probably made capital city of Lithuania in the beginning on 14th century by Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania, who built his wooden castle on the hill there.
		This growth was due in part, to the establishment of Vilnius University by Stefan Batory, Grand Duke of Lithuania and king of Poland, in 1579.
		Therefore Lithuania claimed that it also has a right to have a multinational territory, same as Poland, and because this territory was never part of Poland, but it, as well as city of Vilnius, always was historical part of Lithuania, therefore according to this view Lithuania had more rights to the area.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/History_of_Vilnius (2307 words)

	Sir Robert Baden-Powell, Order of Gediminas (Lithuania)
		Gediminas' domain was composed not only of Lithuania proper and Samogitia but also of Volhynia, the northwestern Ukraine, and Belorussia to the Dnieper River.
		In response, Gediminas made an alliance with the archbishop and citizens of Riga, attained peaceful promises from his other neighbours, and further strengthened his position by entering an alliance with Roman Catholic Poland and marrying his daughter Aldona to Casimir, son of King Wladyslaw I the Short, in 1325.
		The Teutonic Knights thereupon resumed the war against Gediminas, and for the remainder of his reign he was primarily concerned with defending his realm against the Knights, whose strength was reinforced by Western crusaders when it became evident that Gediminas would not honour his promise of conversion.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /bp-honours-lithuania.htm (430 words)

	CHAPTER II
		Lithuania’s difference from the other two Baltic states — Latvia and Estonia — lies in the fact that in the Middle Ages, from the 13th and up to the 18th century, it had created and sustained its own state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
		However, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania remained an independent state till the second half of the 16th century, when the might of the Russian state became perceptibly stronger, and Lithuania was forced to conclude a closer alliance with Poland.
		On April 1, 1579, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, Stephen Batory, signed a privilege, according to which the Collegium was transformed into the Academia et Universitas Vilnensis, which was confirmed on October 29, 1579 by Pope Gregory XIII.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-17/chapter_ii.htm (1509 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Wilno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vilnius was granted municipal rights by the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Władysław II of Poland (Lithuanian: Jogaila; Polish: Jagiełło) in 1387.
		Lithuania was aware that Soviet troops jeopardized its independence, but had to accept the deal under the threat of a Soviet ultimatum and on October 10, 1939 the city and a portion of Vilnius region were transferred to Lithuania.
		Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania (54°41′N 25°17′E) at the confluence of the Vilnia (also known as Vilnelė) and Neris Rivers.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Wilno (2654 words)

	Valstybinis Vilniaus kvartetas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She was decorated with the Fourth Degree Order of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
		The creative work of Vilnius String Quartet constitutes a whole epoch of Lithuania’s cultural life and is an example of the musicians’ deep sense of mission.
		During three decades the musicians have established a unique tradition of interpretation, noted for the ability to reveal the deepest layers of meaning of music, a wide range of sound, color and emotions, sensibility to all the different nuances of the sound of various epochs.
	www.filharmonija.lt /en/performers/vilnius_string_quartet (708 words)

	A Brief Lithuanian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1386, a descendent of Gediminas, Jogaila, became the king of Poland.
		Lithuania continued to fight for independence against the Bolsheviks, Poles and remnants of the German and Czarist armies until 1923.
		Unarmed civilians of Lithuania offered peaceful resistance to the Soviet Army, and all 14 of those guarding the TV Tower in Vilnius were killed by the army, shot or run down by tanks.
	www.cs.pdx.edu /~davidf/lithuania/history.html (2263 words)

	Gediminas -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gediminas' domain was composed not only of Lithuania proper and Samogitia but also of Volhynia, the northwestern Ukraine, and Belorussia…
		Lida emerged in the 13th century as a fortified point of the Lithuanian duke Gediminas on the border between the Principality of Hrodno and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
		A republic of northern Europe, Lithuania is on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036286?&query=gediminas (378 words)

	Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This house was the descendants of Vladislaus Jagiello, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377-1401), who became King of Poland, marrying Jadvyga, the only daughter of the last King of Poland of the Andegawen dynasty (1386).
		In Lithuanian historiography this house is known as Gediminaiciai that is the descendants of Gediminas (c.1275-1341), grandfather of Jagiello and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316-1341).
		She was buried in Prague, next to Emperor Carl IV and his wife, Elizabeth (descended from Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, through his daughter, Aldona).
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html (1989 words)

	Vilnius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vilnius itself was probably established as a village by Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania in the beginning on 14th century.
		The constitution of Lithuania mentioned Vilnius as the capital of the state and all diplomatic relations between Lithuania and Poland were broken.
		However, growth of cities in Lithuania during this period and decreasing number of rural population caused rapid population upsurge in Vilnius since approximately 1960.
	www.infothis.com /find/Vilnius (2781 words)

	Lutsk - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1321 George son of Lev, the last of the line, died in a battle with the forces of Gediminas, grand duke of Lithuania and the castle was seized by the forces of the latter.
		Lubart, son of Gediminas, erected a stone castle as a part of his fortification effort.
		After the death of vitrigaila in 1432 Volhynia became a fief of the Crown of Poland and the town became the seat of the governors, and later the Marshalls of the Land of Volhynia.
	www.unipedia.info /Lutsk.html (1295 words)

	Bank of Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the right side of the banknote is the portrait of Jonas Basanavicius (1851-1927), patriarch of Lithuania, scientist, politician, signatory of the Act of Independence of 16 February 1918.
		To the left of the portrait is the year of issue 2003, the signature of the Chairman of the Board of the Bank of Lithuania and the inscription LIETUVOS BANKO VALDYBOS PIRMININKAS (CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF THE BANK OF LITHUANIA).
		Vilnius Cathedral and Belfry, Monument to Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania, Gediminas Castle Tower and the Hill of Three Crosses.
	www.lbank.lt /Eng/banknotes/banknote_50lt.html (283 words)

	Saulėtekio slėnis - Founders and partners
		In 1990 the Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute became Vilnius Technical University, which on August 22, 1996 was awarded the name of Gediminas, Great Duke of Lithuania.
		Alna, a 260-strong public company headquartered in Vilnius, Lithuania, is the leading technology exporter in the Baltics, leveraging its Software Development and Testing Centres in Lithuania to deliver compelling time to market and cost advantages without compromising quality.
		Lideika, Petrauskas, Valiûnas ir Partneriai is one of the largest law firms operating in Lithuania and the neighbouring Baltic States.
	www.sunrisevalley.lt /index.php?content_id=43 (427 words)

	Gediminas castle, Vilnius, Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The palace of the supreme tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (it didn't survive) 4.
		Notice that Lithuania (and its knights) was in 16th and 17th century the most powerful country in Europe (united with Poland that time).
		Trakai (Troki in Polish) is a name of a town or a village very close to Vilnius, the residence for the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in the past.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Lithuania/Vilniaus_Apskritis/Vilnius-444288/Things_To_Do-Vilnius-Gediminas_castle-BR-3.html (1690 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Vilnius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The city was first mentioned in written sources in 1323, after a wooden hillfort had been built by Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania.
		The city and its surroundings were proclaimed a separate state of Central Lithuania (Litwa Środkowa).
		Only after 1960 the influx of rural population caused a rapid population upsurge in the city.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Vilnius (2654 words)

	The Human Mystery - Gostautas
		Irena Kostkevičiūtė, an art critic in Lithuania, has written a book on the sculptor Vytautas Kašuba, 1915-1997: The Human Figure in the Work of Vytautas Kašuba (Vilnius: Regnum Fund, 1997, the book appeared just a few months ago), which is a poem and an homage to the most important sculptor of Lithuania in exile.
		Expressed by a purposefully selected style, developed through an analytical approach, the composition is based upon contrast: the mobile figure against the quiet pedestal emphasizes stability and a dynamic expression of the idea of statehood.
		Having chosen to represent Gediminas as standing rather than riding the horse - the traditional depiction of military leaders - the sculptor presented Gediminas as builder of the city and founder of the state (p.
	www.lituanus.org /1998/98_3_04.htm (892 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This childhood legend evokes a historical figure - the nature-loving Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
		Without going into all the details of a chronicler, we should remember that those who took part in anti-Nazi resistance were the heroes of history in the Soviet period.
		History is not re-written, but re-filmed, with the objective of organising the future more rationally and correctly, and to serve not only the interests of the ruling class or the dominant ideology.
	www.galeriejanmot.com /deimantas_narkevicius/text.html (1639 words)

	Casimir
		This marriage was diplomatically beneficial for the Poland because Hungary at that time was one of the great powers in central Europe and Poland needed strong ally for the sake of their country.
		In 1325, Casimir married Aldona who was the pagan daughter of Gediminas, duke of Lithuania.
		Aldona brought thousands of Polish prisoners of war as a sign of reconciliation between Poland and Lithuania.
	econc10.bu.edu /economic_systems/NatIdentity/EE/Poland/Casimir.html (1002 words)

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