Where results make sense

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   PR   |   Contact us

Topic: Geiger-Mueller tube

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

Ads by Google

In the News (Sun 3 Jun 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

Jochen's High Voltage Page : Geiger counters The count rate (often in cpm = counts per minute) depends, among others, on the geiger mueller tube, the type and energy of radiation and the geometry of the measurement, and therefore is difficult to convert to dose rate (Sv/h) or activity (Bq or Ci). Geiger counter circuits can be bought complete or as kits from many electronic and surplus stores, often cheaper than a GM tube alone. Some commercial geiger counters are "calibrated" to diplay the dose rate in µSv/h or mR/h directly, but unless the device is a really professional one, this is quite inaccurate for the reasons stated above. www.kronjaeger.com /hv/rad/det/geiger/index.html

Geiger-Müller Counter A Geiger-Müller tube consists of a glass envelope containing a low-pressure gas (usually a mixture of methane with argon and neon) and two electrodes, with a cylindrical mesh being the cathode and a fine-wire anode running through the centre of the tube. The appropriate potential difference to be applied to a Geiger-Müller tube is determined by plotting a graph of "count rate" obtained when a radioactive source is placed near the tube versus the applied voltage. Therefore a Geiger counter is able to detect low-energy radiation because even one ionised particle produces a full pulse on the central wire. homepages.ihug.co.nz /~jrcpeng/counter.html

Geiger Mueller Detectors - GP Series - CANBERRA Conventionally, a GM tube operated with a fixed dc voltage continuously applied is characterized by "dead-time", increasing non-linearity as the field intensity increases and saturation. Since the tube is fully recovered between 'on' times, the pulses produced by the tube are full size. The anode voltage is maintained at the low bias level for 1.5 to 2 milliseconds, a time period which is long compared to the dead time and recovery time of the tube. www.canberra.com /products/1151.asp

Geiger-Mueller tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A Geiger-Müller tube is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation passes through the tube, a short, intense pulse of current passes "cascades" from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and is measured or counted. Some Geiger counters display a dose rate (mRh), but this is subject to error as the instrument does not discriminate between radiation at different energy levels. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geiger-Mueller_tube

Chapter4.doc Geiger Counters A Geiger counter (Geiger-Muller tube) is a device used for the detection and measurement of all types of radiation: alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Some of the advantages of using a Geiger Counter are: They are relatively inexpensive They are durable and easily portable They can detect all types of radiation Some of the disadvantages of using a Geiger Counter are: They cannot differentiate which type of radiation is being detected. A rule we follow with the G-M tubes in our lab is the following: for the larger tubes to set the operating voltage about 75 Volts above the starting potential; for the smaller tubes to set the operating voltage about 50 volts above the starting potential. www.csupomona.edu /~pbsiegel/www/bio431/Chapter4.doc

GEIGER-MÜLLER COUNTER: A Skeptical Scrutiny of the Works and Theories of Wilhelm Reich But even within the Geiger plateau, the higher the voltage across the electrodes, the more sensitive the tube will be to lower levels of ionizing radiation, and the higher the impulse count will be for the same amount of radiation. (This tube is similar to Reich's VACOR tubes, and is in fact where Reich got his idea for VACOR tubes.) The two electrodes are wired to an adjustable high voltage source called the Geiger-Müller amplifier. This current pulse is measured or counted by other parts of the apparatus; the number of current pulses per second tells you how "intense" the ionizing radiation field across the tube is in terms of how many high-energy particles or photons are crossing the tube per second. home.netcom.com /~rogermw/Reich/geiger.html

GEIGER MUELLER TUBE, Master Essays, Term papers, 050610 Though theories of cultural hatreds or leader-driven mob politics are still broadly accepted, John Mueller and others have recently suggested that "ethnic wars" are not in fact cases of Hobbesian anarchy. A consideration of the theories of ethnic war, focusing on John Mueller's suggestion that "ethnic war" is a misnomer. The paper stresses that the cost of producing aerosol cans is lower than that for tubes. www.termpapers.masteressays.com /lib/essay?A=essaysample&KEYW=geiger%2dmueller+tube

Patent 4501988: Ethylene quenched multi-cathode Geiger-Mueller tube with sleeve-and-screen cathode One type of detector is a Geiger-Mueller detector ("GM tube") also referred to as a "counter." A GM tube is characteristically operated in a high voltage range from about 500 volts to about 2000 volts, thereby producing a large output signal which is independent of the nature of the initial ionizing event. The ethylene-quenched GM tube of this invention is thought to owe its excellent stability and sensitivity due to a combination of several factors which combination is unique for a GM tube filled with noble gas and quenched with from 2-5% by vol ethylene. GM tubes are expected to perform reliably even under prolonged harsh conditions incident to their use in such devices as oil level detectors or gauges on aircraft where, during service, the GM tubes are subject to severe vibration and widely fluctuating temperatures, pressures and altitudes. www.freepatentsonline.com /4501988.html

The Geiger-Müller Tube and Poisson Statistics A typical Geiger-Müller tube detects only 1-10% of the incident radiation from a source placed near the end-window of the tube. Positive high voltage is applied to a wire along the central axis of the chamber and the conducting walls of the tube are connected to ground potential. The electrical pulse generated by the electron-ion pairs can be amplified and sent to an electronic counter or scaler where the radiation event is registered. cat.middlebury.edu /~PHManual/geiger.html

Geiger Mueller Tube - Build Your Own Geiger Counter page 2 In the GM tube, the electron liberated from the atom by the particle, and the positive ionized atom both move rapidly towards the high potential electrodes of the GM tube. The wall of the GM tube is a thin metal (cathode) cylinder surrounding a center electrode (anode). Our GM tube is put into an initial state (ready to detect a radioactive particle), by applying + 500-volt potential to the anode (center electrode) through a ten mega ohm current limiting resistor. www.imagesco.com /articles/geiger/02.html

Patent 4354135: Geiger-Mueller tube with nickel copper alloy cathode The tube is then filled with a gaseous mixture containing an ionizing gas, the halogen quench gas and an inert gas such as neon to a positive pressure of 1-10 mm of mercury. The platinum layer is preferably electrodeposited along the entire length of the Monel tube after which a portion at each end is removed by suitable means such as grinding to permit the end cap 7 to be inserted into the tube and welded in place. Alternatively, the ends of the tube may be shielded or masked so that, during electroplating, the platinum is not electrodeposited at the ends of the tube. www.freepatentsonline.com /4354135.html

Geiger Geiger-Mueller tube A Geiger-Müller counter consists of a second measures the intensity of the radiation field. Geiger, Alabama Geiger is a town located in 2000 census, the population of the town is 161. Geiger counter A Geiger counter measures ionizing radiation. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/geiger.html

Geiger Müller Tubes - GM Counters I got the geiger müller tubes this week and today I tried one tube at first. A few words to the Raytheon tubes: The pin (on the left side in the image above) is the connection to the high voltage and the gaphite-colored belt goes to ground or in our case to the resistor of the coincidence circuit. One disadvantage might be the much smaller area of the tube, so one is counting less muons, but at least you don't have to build the detectors yourself. www.cosmicrays.org /muon-gm-tubes.php

Geiger Müller Tubes Centronic's Geiger business started in 1945 and its product range was enhanced in 1992 when Centronic acquired the entire Geiger Müller tube business of Philips and relocated it into a purpose built building at Croydon England. Many different types of GM tubes are made, and a programme of continuous development ensures that the range will meet new needs and operational conditions. For example, Centronic is a specialist in the production of energy-compensated GM tubes and undertakes development to suit customer applications. www.centronic.co.uk /products_geiger.asp

BetaSpectrometer.html The GM tube was mounted on a laboratory type stand and the beta source was mounted behind a lead (Pb) collimating absorber that was mounted on a linear stage. In both cases, the only activity reaching the GM tube was the background radiation, i.e., cosmic rays, and naturally occurring radioactive elements in the materials in and around the apparatus and the Cs -gamma activity. The source angle with respect to the GM tube was varied and the magnetic field adjusted to yield the highest counting rate for a given angle, i.e., 60 and 90 degrees. jamsci.org /2003-12-18/002/BetaSpectrometer.html

The N-16 Gamma Radiation Response of Geiger-Mueller Tubes This is mentioned in that GM tubes are basically photon counters, and will more or less exhibit the same generally shaped curve. The various GM tubes were irradiated with the N-16 source at known exposure rates, and observed counts and times recorded. A discharge may be produced by charged particles directly entering the tube through a mica window or thin cathode wall. www.hps.org /hpspublications/articles/allard.html

Ph 77 - The Geiger Counter And Counting Statistics - September 1997 The apparatus consists of a halogen quenched Geiger-Mueller tube (TGM Model N106/3P) that may be used in or out of a lead shielded "house", a Counter/Timer/High-voltage Power Supply (Nucleus Model 550), and various radioactive sources. Which is more important in the operation of a Geiger tube - a large total potential drop or a large electric field gradient? The dead time of the GM tube may be directly determined with an oscilloscope by observing the recovery envelope of the pulses. www.kronjaeger.com /hv-old/radio/geiger/caltech/exp2.htm

Geiger Mueller tubes, Helium 3 and X-ray, detector Geiger Mueller tubes, Helium 3 and X-ray, detector Geiger Mueller tubes, Helium 3 and X-ray proportional counters used for detecting In the Geiger-Muller tube, particles ionize gas atoms. www.gammalabs.com

Civil Defense Meter Radiological Survey Meter CD V-700 The Geiger Mueller tubes are halogen quenched, and mounted in a probe connected to a 36" cable. It uses a Geiger-Müller tube to detect moderate and high energy beta radiation, and gamma radiation Tube from Chatham CD V-700 Model 3 on right. southernradiation.com /cdv700.html

About Geigers The Geiger-Mueller tube or detector is the heart of a Geiger counter. Geiger counters that have meter readouts in CPM, that is, Counts or Clicks per Minute, mimic the audible clicks in visual form. Geiger counters are devices that detect radioactivity, another term for ionizing radiation, the four major types of which include Gamma, X-rays, Beta, and Alpha radiation. www.mineralab.com /AboutGgr.htm

Counter Tube Geiger-Mueller Tube (Counter Tubes), a kind of gas-filled diodes, are mainly used for detecting a-particle, b--particle,y-ray or X-ray. The Structure of the common counter tube is showing as left figures. According to the external circuit connections, there are two kinds of operation forms for halogen tube, i.e. www.estar-intl.com /Countertube.htm

21'st Century Phase-II (Geiger counter used here) This means we have no equipment available to even sense energy in this range much less actually see it. We know that the yoke of the picture tube controls the electron beam that paints the picture you see on TV. This is demonstrated in the phosphoresence or glowing in the dark of watches which had faces made of special phosphor coating. members.aol.com /marion7800/phase-ii.htm

Frieseke & Hoepfner FHZ73: Geiger - Mueller Counter Tube for beta- and gamma- ra ... Geiger - Mueller Counter Tube for beta- and gamma- ray measurements, an accessory for the FH40 radiation measuring set. Frieseke & Hoepfner FHZ73: Geiger - Mueller Counter Tube for beta- and gamma- ra... www.helmut-singer.de /stock/227.html

Comparison of Triple Coincidence Rate of Cosmic Ray Activity for CROP Detectors to Geiger-Mueller Rate However in addition to beta rays which are electrons and positrons, Geiger-Mueller tubes also detect alpha particles, which are helium nuclei, and gamma rays, which are photons. In this experiment, we were looking for a correlation between cosmic ray activity measured by the CROP detectors and alpha, beta, and gamma ray activity measured by a Geiger-Mueller tube.                 Geiger-Mueller tubes also can detect the shower of cosmic ray particles. www.mountmichaelhs.com /crop/Jan2003/CosmicRadioCompareRTF.htm

Geiger Müller Tubes These organically-quenched thin wall Geiger tubes, made by Raytheon, are left overs from production in the 60's but have virtually unlimited life. This tube is for Gamma radiation only, with a 760 volt Geiger threshold and a 900 volt operating voltage. We found loads of info on the internet concerning these tubes and have included some basics with your purchase to help you get a start. www.surplussales.com /Tubes-Sock-Acc/geiger.html

Geiger Muller Tube The air in the tube is therefore replaced by low pressure argon mixed with a halogen vapour, which has the property of quenching the discharge quickly. In some tubes, the anode is a hollow cylinder of ~3 mm diameter. Hans Geiger (1882-1945) was a German physicist who introduced the first reliable detector for alpha particles and other ionising radiation. www.sheffcol.ac.uk /projects/access_online/Health_Science_Access/Chemistry_1/Radioactivity/gmtube.htm

Geiger Models The heart of a Geiger counter is its Geiger-Mueller tube or detector, and in a Pocket or Handheld Geiger counter, that detector is built right into the case. In a Geiger counter with an external probe, the detector is housed within the probe itself, attached by a cable to the base unit. For general area monitoring and in most instances where specific objects are checked for radioactivity, a Pocket or Handheld Geiger counter is usually sufficient. www.geigercounters.com /Models.htm

Geiger-Mueller Tube :: Essay Sample. Free term papers for college students In the Geiger-Muller tube, particles ionize gas atoms. At one end of the tube is a very thin "window" through which charged particles or gamma rays pass. Thus an avalanche of charged particles is created and a pulse of current flows through the tube. www.essaysample.com /essay/001133.html

The Geiger The special glass Geiger Mueller detector tube is visible through the translucent Lexan label on the rear panel. The Geiger is small, lightweight, and portable for easy use in the classroom or in the field. The Geiger does not have a meter or LCD display; instead, it comes with the GeigerGraph software and a computer cable. www.medcom.com /geiger.htm

Geiger Counters The Model GCK-02 has an internal Geiger-Mueller tube. The adapter is compatible with analog meter geiger counters that use either an internal tube or a wand with shielded cable. The Radiation Meter may be incorporated into a standard analog geiger counter to provide a visual readout of the approximate radiation level. www.imagesco.com /catalog/geiger/geiger_counter.html

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   Press   |   Contact us   Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with terms.