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	Geissler tube - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tube was invented by the German glassblower Heinrich Geissler in 1857.
		Geissler tubes contain a combination or one of the following: rarefied (thinned) gasses such as neon, argon, or air, or conductive liquids or minerals.
		Geissler tubes have had a large impact on the development of such instruments as the x-ray tube, the Electrotachyscope, neon signs, and the light bulb, all of which use related vacuum and discharge principles.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Geissler_Tube (178 words)

	Geissler tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tube was invented by the German glassblower Heinrich Geissler in 1857.
		Geissler tubes contain a combination of one of the following: rarefied (thinned) gasses such as neon, argon, or air, or conductive liquids or minerals.
		William Crookes developed a modification of the Geissler tube into what is known as the Crookes tube to demonstrate and study these rays, later determined to be a stream of electrons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geissler_tube (443 words)

	Smart Computing Encyclopedia Entry - Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Geissler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Geissler was a German inventor, glassblower, and instrument designer who developed the Geissler air pump and the Geissler tube.
		Geissler’s tubes are remarkable not only for their usefulness in scientific study but also for their artistic beauty.
		Geissler’s work was important in refining the development of vacuum tubes, which, when combined with diode and triode circuitry, became central to the development of computer systems in the mid-20th century.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/dictionary/detail.asp?searchtype=2&DicID=17859&RefType=Encyclopedia&guid= (367 words)

	Geissler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Geissler is a well known figure in the history of scientific instruments since the descendants of his inventions - the Geissler tube and the mercury vacuum pump are still in use today.
		Heinrich Geissler was born in the village of Igelshieb, in the Rennsteig area of the Dukedom of Saxony-Meiningen.
		Geissler's tubes are the predecessors to the modern neon and fluorescent tubes.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/geissler.html (660 words)

	The Cathode Ray Tube site. Geissler tubes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Geissler solved the "electrode trough glass problem" by using (expensive) platinum wire in a small leadglass seal which was melted into the soft sodalime glasswall of the tube.
		Close-up of the interior of the Geissler tube under influence of UV light.
		The oldest tubes date from 1870 are equipped with platinum wire loops followed around 1900 by small copper or brass caps, later on, cylindrical end caps were used.
	members.chello.nl /h.dijkstra19/page6.html (626 words)

	Geissler Tubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Geissler tube is a decorative electrical novelty that consists of a glass tube that contains a gas such as neon or argon at a low pressure, with electrical terminals at each end of the tube.
		Geissler tubes are as much an expression of the glassblower's art as they are demonstrators of electrical phenomena.
		Geissler tubes have been made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, containing various gases and mixtures of gases.
	uv201.com /Misc_Pages/geissler_tubes.htm (347 words)

	Neon sign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The neon sign is an evolution of the earlier Geissler tube (also called a Crookes tube), which is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical discharge.
		The tube is heated in sections using several types of burners that are selected according to the amount of glass to be heated for each bend.
		The tube is attached to a manifold which is itself attached to a high-quality vacuum pump.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neon_signage (644 words)

	Geissler Tubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Geissler tube is a decorative electrical novelty that consists of a glass tube that contains a gas such as neon or argon at a low pressure, with electrical terminals at each end of the tube.
		Geissler tubes are as much an expression of the glassblower's art as they are demonstrators of electrical phenomena.
		Geissler tubes have been made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, containing various gases and mixtures of gases.
	www.uv201.com /Misc_Pages/geissler_tubes.htm (347 words)

	Glass
		Born in the village of Igelshieb, in the Rennsteig area of the Dukedom of Saxony-Meiningen, Geissler is a well known figure in the history of scientific instruments since the descendants of his inventions - the Geissler tube and the mercury vacuum pump are still in use today.
		Heinrich Geissler's youth coincided with a flowering in interest in experimental natural sciences leading to a greater demand for laboratory apparatus, particularly hollow glassware, which was to catapult the craft of the glassblower from a cottage industry to a profession.
		Geissler began experimenting with what were later to become known as the 'Geissler tube' in 1857 and full-scale production of these was well underway in the 1880s.
	www.sparkmuseum.com /GLASS.HTM (919 words)

	AllRefer.com - Geissler tube (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Geissler tube[gIs´lur] Pronunciation Key, gas discharge tube in which light is produced when an electric discharge passes through the rarefied gas in the tube.
		The tubes are made in a variety of shapes and are especially useful in spectroscopy.
		One later form of the tube is widely used in luminous signs ("neon" signs) and another in fluorescent lamps.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Geissler.html (161 words)

	Cathode ray tube Summary
		Geissler, a skilled glassworker, was employed by the University of Bonn as a maker of scientific instruments.
		The tube for oscilloscope use is longer and narrower, reducing the deflection angle (presumably for greater accuracy/linearity?), and deflection is done by applying an electrical field via deflection plates built into the tube's neck.
		Indirectly-heated vacuum tubes (including CRTs) use Barium compounds and other reactive materials in the cionstuction of the cathode and getter assemblies, normaly this material will be converted into oxides upon exposure to the air, but care should be taken to avoid contact with the inside of all broken tubes.
	www.bookrags.com /Cathode_ray_tube (4896 words)

	Patent-Invent: Geissler Tube
		Geissler tubes have had a large impact on the development of such instruments as the x-ray tube, the Electrotachyscope, neon signs, mass spectrometry and some forms of the light bulb, all of which use related vacuum and discharge principles.
		William Crookes developed a modification of the Geissler tube into what is known as the Crookes tube to demonstrate and study cathode rays.
		The Geisler Tube is the basis of the neon tube display sign and other lamps such as low and high pressure sodium vapor, mercury vapor, xenon flash, and modern automotive gas-discharge headlamps.
	www.patent-invent.com /electricity/inventions/geissler_tube.html (432 words)

	Geissler Tubes
		These tubes contained rarified gases, and the discharge was obtained in a narrow channel between the electrodes at either end of a straight tube.
		The upper Geissler tube is at Colby College in Maine, and the lower one is in the apparatus collection of Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia.
		The anode of the Geissler tube at the left is made of aluminum cut to resemble leaves.
	physics.kenyon.edu /EarlyApparatus/Static_Electricity/Geissler_Tubes/Geissler_Tubes.html (802 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for tube
		special-purpose electron tube in which electrons are accelerated by high-voltage anodes, formed into a beam by focusing electrodes, and projected toward a phosphorescent screen that forms one face of the tube.
		The muscular contraction and ciliary action of the tube moves eggs from the ovary to the uterus, and sperms from the uterus to the upper part of the tube, where...
		Abdominal placement of tube thoracostomy due to lack of recognition of paralysis of hemidiaphragm.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Tube (926 words)

	Heinrich Geissler Summary
		Geissler was born into a family of craftsmen who were well versed in the art of glassworking: his grandfather was an accomplished glassmaker, his father was a maker of glass jewelry, and his brothers were glassblowers in Berlin and Amsterdam.
		The Geissler tube is a sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum; the rarefied gas within shows the passage of electricity through it.
		Educated by his father as a glassblower and gifted for the design and engineering, Geissler is most remembered for the invention of sealed glass tubes (called Geissler tubes) from which he demonstrated with Julius Plucker emission of a bluish glow by exciting the gas with an induction coil.
	www.bookrags.com /Heinrich_Geissler (544 words)

	Heinrich Geissler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Educated by his father as a glassblower and gifted for the design and engineering, Geissler is most remembered for the invention of sealed glass tubes (called Geissler tubes) from which he demonstrated with Julius Plucker emission of a bluish glow by exciting the gas with an induction coil.
		It was not uncommon for these tubes to display elaborate and artistic shapes, adding much to the optical effect.
		It was improved by Sir William Crookes and is thus commonly called a Crookes tube.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heinrich_Geissler (139 words)

	Vacuum Discharge Tubes
		Heinrich Geissler, a master glassblower in Bonn, Germany, was the first to make use of this improved technology to create a series of astonishingly beautiful evacuated glass vessels into which he sealed metal electrodes.
		Geissler's tubes incorporated combinations of fanciful shapes—bells, bubbles, curlicues, twists, and bends—and emitted brilliant and colorful fluorescent light when high voltage was passed through them.
		The mystique of Geissler's tubes aroused the interest of scientists and artists of his day, resulting in a wave of exploration and experimentation using vacuum discharge tubes that changed the course of phyics.
	www.arcsandsparks.com /aboutvacuumtubes.html (364 words)

	COPDC: Modern: Cathode Ray Demonstrations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When this tube is placed across the induction coil, the paddle wheel in the tube is driven along the glass rails on which it is mounted.
		A small cross is mounted near the center of this tube which produces a shadow on the large end of the tube when the negative terminal of the induction coil is connected to the small end of the tube.
		This tube is designed to show that when the gas in this partially evacuated tube is excited, the gas is excited in all parts of the tube including the long circuitous path around the bottom of the tube.
	physicsnt.clemson.edu /physdemo/cat/modern/cathoder.htm (508 words)

	Geissler tube - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Geissler tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		High-voltage discharge tube in which traces of gas are ionized and conduct electricity.
		Since the electrified gas takes on a luminous colour characteristic of the gas, the instrument is also used in spectroscopy.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Geissler+tube (105 words)

	Signs of Early Times
		The work of Geissler, an exceptional master glassblower, founded the spectral analysis of gases, as well as the research on cathodic rays, X rays and all electrical lamps.
		Geissler also experimented with bending names and letters from glass tubes, charging them with gas under low pressure and lighting them with high-voltage electricity.
		Although lead glass was used for neon tubing due to its ease of workability, the colored tubes were fabricated from hard sodalime glass up to a few years ago when a Venetian glass master started to make a soft, lead-free, colored glass.
	www.signmuseum.com /exhibits/histories/neonbirthday.html (1689 words)

	Geissler Tube: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		One later form of the tube is widely used in luminous signs (U+0022neonU+0022 signs) and another in fluorescent lamps.
		A J-tube may be used, and the readings placed on...demonstration, such as the precipitate in the test tube, the expanded ball, or that the water...
		GEISSLER TUBE gis l r, gas discharge tube in which light is produced when an electric discharge passes through the rarefied gas in the tube.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/geissler-tube.jsp?l=G&p=1 (493 words)

	Heinrich Geissler
		German glassblower for whom the Geissler (mercury) pump and the Geissler tube are named.
		Among his other inventions were the vaporimeter and the Geissler tube, in which an electric current produces light when passed through a rarefied gas.
		It was one of Geissler's tubes that Julius Plücker used when he first observed cathode rays in 1859.
	www.fys.kuleuven.ac.be /pradem/fysici/Geissler.html (145 words)

	Geissler Tubes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Each tube is partially evacuated with an electrode at each end.
		When a high voltage is applied the tube emits light - the color depends on the type of gas in the tube.
		Geissler tubes are the forerunners of modern neon and fluorescent tubes.
	www.orau.org /ptp/collection/xraytubes/geissler.htm (121 words)

	Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - Early Experimentation, Vacuum Tubes, Crookes' Tube
		When most of the air was evacuated from the tube, an electrical charge could be seen jumping across the gap between the two electrodes.
		Geissler was a skilled glassworker, employed by the University of Bonn (Germany) as a maker of scientific instruments.
		So great an improvement over Geissler's tubes were these that the "Crookes tube" quickly became the standard vacuum tube for use in scientific experiments.
	www.discoveriesinmedicine.com /Bar-Cod/Cathode-Ray-Tube-CRT.html (1010 words)

	GEISSLER TUBE
		A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany.
		It is called also Plucker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.
		A gas-filled discharge tube having various shapes and usually containing a narrowly constricted portion in which the luminosity isintensified.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/english/Ge/Geissler+tube.html (297 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The neon sign is an evolution of the earlier Geissler tube (also called a Crookes tube), which is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical discharge.
		The tube is heated in sections using several types of burners that are selected according to the amount of glass to be heated for each bend.
		The tube is attached to a manifold which is itself attached to a high-quality vacuum pump.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=neon_sign (646 words)

	Geissler and Crookes Tubes
		These tubes were probably made by (or for) Heinrich Geissler, possibly as early as 1850.
		While the top (on the right working) tube of this pair is one of the best electrical "gizmos" I have ever seen, it is also a demonstration of the glass blowers art.
		The lower tube is a dual chamber tube filled with Neon on the left and Mercury vapor on the right.
	www.oneillselectronicmuseum.com /page9.html (391 words)

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