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Topic: Gelasius II

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	Pope Callixtus II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		December 13, 1124), the son of William I, Count of Burgundy, was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Gelasius II.
		The future pope Honorius II was one of the papal negotiators.
		This biography of a Pope is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II (182 words)

	Pope Gelasius II
		He was the trusted advisor of Paschal II; shared his captivity and shielded him against the zealots who charged the pope with heresy for having, under dire compulsion, signed the "Privilegium", which constituted the emperor lord and master of papal and episcopal elections (see II and).
		Gelasius pronounced a solemn excommunication against both of them; and as soon as the emperor, frustrated of his prey, left Rome, he returned secretly; but soon took the resolution of taking refuge in France.
		Gelasius was perfecting plans for the convocation of a great council at Reims, when he succumbed to pleurisy, leaving the consummation of the fifty years' war for freedom to his successor, Callistus II.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/gelasius_ii,pope.html (641 words)

	Pope Gelasius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II he was seized by Cencius Frangipanè, a partisan of the emperor Henry V, but freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf.
		Gelasius fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on the 9th of March and on the following day received episcopal consecration.
		He at once excommunicated Henry and the antipope and, under Norman protection, was able to return to Rome in July; but the disturbances of the imperialist party, especially of the Frangipani, who attacked the pope while celebrating Mass in the church of St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gelasius_II (403 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Callistus II
		Gelasius promptly excommunicated both the antipope and the emperor, but was himself obliged to flee, and took refuge in the monastery of Cluny, where he died (January, 1119).
		Callistus II left Reims to attend the conference at Mousson, but on learning of the warlike preparations made by the emperor, and fearing that force was likely to be used to extract from him prejudicial concessions, he hastily returned to Reims.
		Owing mainly to him the concessions so weakly made by Paschal II were recalled, and on his own accession to the papal throne, his firmness and strength of character secured a settlement of the controversy between Church and State which, though not entirely satisfactory, was at least sufficient to assure a much needed peace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03185a.htm (1750 words)

	[No title]
		A number of bishops appealed to Gelasius to relent and readmit Constantinople to communion, but the Pope explained that it was a question not of personality but of principle, that to allow the name of Acacius to remain on the diptychs would be to repudiate his predecessor's actions against the Monophysite compromisers.
		Gelasius defends the position of the Church as a perfect society, and at the same time recognizes the legitimate functions of both Church and State.
		ANASTASIUS II 496 - 498 Anastasius II is a much-maligned pope.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/POPES.TXT (22289 words)

	Pope Gelasius II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His tenure also established the precedent that the papal chancellor should always be a ((Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes) cardinal, and should hold the office for life or until he was elected pope.
		He drove Gelasius from Rome in March, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Burdinus, archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of (additional info and facts about Gregory VIII) Gregory VIII.
		Gelasius fled to (additional info and facts about Gaeta) Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on the 9th of March and on the following day received episcopal consecration.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_gelasius_ii1.htm (257 words)

	Gelasius II -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bhaskara II was born in 1114 in Biddur, India.
		Mohammad II (Mehmed the Conqueror) (1432–81), Ottoman sultan, born in Adrianople (now Edirne); during rule (1444–46 and 1451–81), captured Constantinople and thus completed the Ottoman destruction of the Byzantine Empire; fourth son of Murad II; restored and repopulated Constantinople after capture in 1453; reorganized Ottoman administration, codified laws, encouraged scholarship...
		He was born Sahle Mariam on Aug. 17, 1844, but took the name Menelik II because Menelik I was the name of the legendary son of Solomon and the queen of Sheba in the history of ancient Israel.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036318?tocId=9036318 (684 words)

	List of Popes (Our Lady of Good Health Mission)
		The disturbances which occurred at the disputed election of Symmachus (498) led that pope to hold a council and to decree the severest penalties on all who should be guilty of canvassing or bribery in order to attain the pontificate.
		Pelagius II (,578) and Gregory I (590) were the spontaneous choice of the electors.
		And in 684, owing to the long delays involved in the journey to Constantinople, Constantine IV (Pogonatus) acceded to Benedict II's request that in future it should not be necessary to wait for confirmation, but that a mere notification of the election would suffice.
	tamilchurch.homestead.com /Pope.html (1825 words)

	Sly's Twelfth Century Time Line
		Lothiar (soon to be Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire) is granted the duchy of Saxony by Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Gelasius II excommunicates Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire is crowned by Pope Innocence II.
	www.edwardsly.com /1100-99.html (1937 words)

	EUROPEAN HISTORY 1100 - 1159
		Gelasius II (1118-1119) of the Pope Paschal party is elected pope in Sta Maria in Pallara.
		Callistus II (1119-1124) related to the royal houses of German, French and English and an anti-Paschal is appointed pope.
		Innocent II alias Gregorio Papareschi (1130-1143) a Roman is clandestinely elected pope by a minority of cardinals.
	www3.telus.net /public/dgarneau/euro50.htm (2239 words)

	1100 - 1199 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pope Paschal II dies, and is succeeded by Gelasius II.
		Henry II argues with the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a' Becket, and attempts to decree that priest accused of crimes should be charged by royal courts.
		Henry II is forced to recognize Thomas a' Becket as a martyr and give up his attempt to make priests subject to the courts.
	www.medievaltymes.com /courtyard/1100_-_1199.htm (2204 words)

	The Papacy during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gelasius wasn't around long enough to make much of a mark, but his short papacy recapitulated the position of the papacy.
		Then in March (Gelasius had only been pope since the end of January), imperial forces drove the pope from the city and set up an anti-pope.
		Gelasius spent three months in Gaeta and returned to Rome with Norman help in July.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /Europe/papacy/05.shtml (176 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (151-200)
		153 - VICTOR II Born in Baveria, he was elected on the 16th April 1055 and died on the 28th June 1057.
		161 - GELASIUS II Born in Gaeta, he was elected on the 10th March 1118 and died on the 28th January 1119.
		From Alphonsus II of Portugal he obtained the promise that the churches and their income would be respected in that kingdom.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope151_200.htm#183 (2763 words)

	History of the Mass (15histot.htm)
		With the latter's death in 1099, Pope Paschal II was chosen to carry on, but he was embroiled in the bitter infighting between the triumverate of factions: the German kingdom and Roman patricians, who while not allies, were unified against the reformers.
		His successor Pope Gelasius II fared no better in his short term as pope, being imprisoned and attacked, saved by nautical troops from Genoa who were in attendance at his Mass when he was attacked by the patrician leader who vehemently opposed the reform popes.
		Though many considered Pascal II to be a compromise choice who could be intimidated, he was staunch in carry on the reforms of Gregory and the policies of Urban II.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/15histot.htm (1780 words)

	GELASIUS - LoveToKnow Article on GELASIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He became a monk of Monte Cassino, was taken to Rome by Urban II., and made chancellor and cardinal-deacon of Sta Maria in Cosmedin.
		Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Paschal II.
		The emperor drove Gelasius from Rome in March, pronounced his election nuJl and void, and set up Burdinus, archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GELASIUS.htm (346 words)

	Gelasius II (d. 1119) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was elected pope on Jan. 24, 1118, as successor to Paschal II.
		Gelasius' election was flened by Henry, whose loyal supporter Cencius II Frangipani attacked and imprisoned the new pope.
		1137), Gelasius died while planning a council at Reims, leaving the close of the struggle to his successor, Calixtus II.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopeGelasius-II/PopeGelasius-II.html (179 words)

	Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gelasius II Gelasius II, original name Giovanni da Gaetan, English John of Gaeta (b.
		He was elected pope on Jan. 24, 1118, as successor to Paschal II, whose pontificate had been damaged by dissension from the "investiture controversy," an administrative struggle between the popes and the Holy Roman emperors over the right to grant titles to ecclesiastics.
		Driven twice from Rome by Henry, who installed Antipope Gregory VIII, Gelasius died while planning a council at Reims, leaving the close of the struggle to his successor, Calixtus II.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/popes/gelasi2.html (216 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Excommunicated by Pope Innocent II in the Council of Reims on October 18, 1131.
		It adds that, according to Jaffé, Callisutus II was at Cluny from December 30, 1119 to January 7, 1120 and that he consecrated, on January 3, the bishop of Geneva, Humbert, who is not considered a cardinal.
		Antipope Celestine II was elected on December 15/16, 1124.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6890 words)

	Chapter 8: Saint James's Catapult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Queen Urraca was privy to Diego's negotiations with Gelasius II, and it was to her that he turned for help when he could not pass through Aragon early in 1119.
		Deusdedit was among the electors of Gelasius II in 1118.
		A vigorous propaganda campaign was conducted against him by Gelasius II and later by Calixtus II, and by some of the cardinals, notably Cuno, cardinal-bishop of Praeneste.
	libro.uca.edu /sjc/sjc8.htm (10750 words)

	Testament of Moses
		Gelasius elsehwere (II.21.7) refers to the dispute between Michael and the Devil in the Assumption of Moses.
		This episode is not found in the manuscript published by Ceriani, but is often referred to in patristic sources and even already in the New Testament in Jude, verse 9.
		In view of the citations in Gelasius, some have suggested that the Testament and the Assumption were combined in a single book.
	www.earlyjewishwritings.com /testmoses.html (1666 words)

	AllRefer.com - Henry V, Holy Roman emperor and German king (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Crowned joint king with his father in 1099, he put himself at the head of the party desiring reconciliation with the pope and, with the approval of Pope Paschal II, rebelled (1104) against his father and compelled him to abdicate (1105).
		Formally reconciled with the church, Henry V practiced lay investiture from the beginning of his reign.
		In 1119, Henry entered upon negotiations with Pope Calixtus II, Gelasius's successor, and a compromise on the investiture question was reached at last in the Concordat of Worms (1122; see Worms, Concordat of).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Henry5HRE.html (512 words)

	History of the Mass (16histot.htm)
		On the death of Pope Gelasius II, the College of Cardinals in exile from Rome, elected at Cluny the one man who could bring the German king Henry V to his knees.
		Their hopes were rewarded when both Henry and Gelasius' successor Pope Calixtus II signed the landmark Concordat of Worms.
		With the death of Pope Gelasius in Cluny, the College of Cardinals turned to royalty, electing Cardinal Guy of Vienne as the 162nd successor to Peter.
	www.dailycatholic.org /16histot.htm (1501 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Innocent II
		Accompanied Pope Gelasius II when he was driven into France.
		Soon after his political opponents chose the anti-pope Anacletus II, and Innocent was forced to flee Rome, first to Pisa, then Genoa and finally to France.
		He received the support of Lothar II of Germany and the German bishops.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0164.htm (148 words)

	Paschal II on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was a monk and, as a reformer, was made a cardinal by Pope Gregory VII.
		He was a loyal supporter of Urban II as well.
		Calvin Brown was awarded the Silver Star and Purple Heart medals for his service in World War II.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Paschal2.asp (521 words)

	Pope Tribute - List of Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Felix II (356-357), Boniface VII (974, 984-985), John XVI (997-998), Benedict X (1058-1059) and Alexander V (1409-1410) are not in the list as they were considered antipopes.
		It is a result of the confusion in the 11th century as a number of popes and antipopes took this name.
		Stephen II, who died before being consecrated, is listed above and in the Catholic Encyclopedia, but is not on the Vatican's offical list of popes.
	popetribute.com /content/view/18/31 (593 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After having studied in Italy and France, Pietro became a monk at Cluny; Paschal II appointed him cardinal, in which office he shared the exile of Gelasius II.
		After the death in 1130 of Honorius II, a majority of cardinals elected Pierleoni Pope Anacletus II, and a minority had earlier elected Gregory Papareschi Innocent II.
		From 1136-37, Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire attacked Rome and undermined popular support for Anacletus, who was suspected of wishing to turn the Church's material wealth over to the Jews.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/antianacletus.html (201 words)

	Anacletus II (d. 1138) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After study in Paris, he became a monk at Cluny and was made cardinal at Rome in 1116 by Pope Paschal II.
		Anacletus, backed by most Romans and by the Frangipani, forced Innocent to flee from Rome to France, where he was supported by Abbot St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who attacked Anacletus' Jewish ancestry.
		Although Anacletus was allied with the ambitious and powerful Roger II after investing him as king of Sicily (1130), Innocent's supporters, including the Holy Roman emperor Lothair III.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/AntipopeAnacletus-II/AntipopeAnacletus-II.html (260 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections and conclaves by century
		As a reprisal for Pope Gellasius II's escape to Gaeta and his refusal to immediately meet with him to discuss the affairs of the Church in Germany, Emperor Henry V named the deposed and excommunicated archbishop of Braga, Portugal, Maurice Bourdin, as antipope.
		Innocent II had the majority of the cardinal bishops but the majority of the deacons and priests supported Antipope Anacletus II, Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, title of S. Maria in Trastevere.
		In its general drift and by what it had in common with the tendencies of the reform party, its aim was to free the papal elections: 1st, from all interference on the part of the Roman feudal aristocracy; and 2nd, from undue and harmful interference on the part of the kings of Germany.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xii.htm (6477 words)

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