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Topic: Gemination

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	Language Log: Liberal gemination
		For words that already obey the "geminate early" rule, switching the doubling to the second consonant is certainly not unusual (this is the Karttunen > Kartunnen error).
		Amusingly, gemination can even spread to the y: mayyonaise (42 hits) or mayyonnaise (20 hits); but no misspelling of this word is nearly as common as simply degeminating across the board (mayonaise), in violation of conservation of geminates.
		In fact, it's not clear that conservation of geminates is much of an effect at all, given that the same effect could be achieved the independent forces of (1) global degemination (recommend > recomend), and (2) spontaneous first consonant gemination (enemy > ennemy, recomend > reccomend).
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001032.html (548 words)

	Gemination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gemination is distinctive in certain languages, for instance Italian, Japanese, Arabic, Finnish.
		Geminates are usually around one and a half or two times as long as a short consonants, depending on the language.
		In written language, gemination is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicated with a special symbol, such as the shadda in Arabic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gemination (662 words)

	Gemination -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Gemination is distinctive in certain languages, for instance (A native or inhabitant of Italy) Italian, (A native or inhabitant of Japan) Japanese, (The Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects) Arabic and (The official language of Finland; belongs to the Baltic Finnic family of languages) Finnish.
		Geminated (A continuant consonant produced by breath moving against a narrowing of the vocal tract) fricatives, (An elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose) nasals, (Click link for more info and facts about approximants) approximants, and (A note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it) trills are simply prolonged.
		Geminates are usually around one time and a half or two times as long as a short consonants, depending on the language.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gemination.htm (701 words)

	Acoustic analysis of singleton and geminate nasals in Italian
		Moreover, the shortening of the geminate consonant provokes a lengthening of V1, and vice-versa.
		The effect observed was of an elongation of the geminate consonant with respect of the singleton consonant, and a shortening of the vowel preceding the consonant in geminate vs.
		For nasals it was found that the average difference between singles and geminates in terms of V1d is 59ms (-32% for geminates) and in Cd is 121 ms (+134% for geminates).
	www.essex.ac.uk /web-sls/papers/00-02/00-02.html (3872 words)

	Gemination
		Figures, like Gemination make speech more effective, they beautify and emphasize it in Rhetoric which is the art of speaking and writing effectively.
		Figures of speech such as Gemination use word association to convey emotion and mood often in a non-literal sense.
		Figures of speech such as Gemination adds adornment, beautifies, colors, elegant variation, embellishment, embroidery, emphasis, exaggeration, exclamation, flourish, floweriness, irony, lushness and luxuriance to the English language.
	www.examples-help.org.uk /gemination.htm (166 words)

	[No title]
		Gemination repairs a banned structure deleting the features of the targeted consonant while keeping the same number of input segments.
		In rule-based theory, this process is rendered as derivationally opaque, since the rules of coda deletion and gemination stand in a counterbleeding relation.
		Furthermore, in the development of this analysis, other relevant issues are addressed, such as the structure of geminates and the status of the root node assumed in the representation proposed.
	www-scf.usc.edu /~rebekaca/CIL-abstract.doc (486 words)

	Gemination in the Akkadian Verb - - Kouwenberg N.J.C.
		This book offers an account of the role of gemination as a grammatical and lexical feature of Akkadian and a comprehensive treatment of the nominal and verbal categories that are characterized by it.
		It argues that gemination is basically an iconic phenomenon: its presence correlates with an extension in the meaning of the word vis-à-vis that of the corresponding word without gemination.
		This semantic extension is often realized as plurality; in other cases gemination has been subject to a process of grammaticalization, through which it has acquired a more abstract function, mostly that of underlining a high degree of salience or transitivity.
	www.vangorcum.nl /nl/toonBoek.asp?PublID=2457 (244 words)

	Acoustic analysis of singleton and geminate fricatives in Italian
		geminate words, as well as the duration of the vowel preceding the consonant, while the other analyzed parameters were not.
		In particular, it was observed that the ratio between the durations of the consonant and pre-consonant vowel was significantly related to gemination..
		Gemination can be defined as the clustering of a single consonant into a 'double' or geminate consonant.
	www.essex.ac.uk /web-sls/papers/98-01/98-01.html (2885 words)

	Fusion, gemination or dens invaginatus?
		The diagnosis of fusion, gemination or dens invaginatus could not be made, due to conflicting findings, and to previous root canal treatment that erased the original configuration of the pulp chamber.
		The phenomenon of gemination arises when two teeth develop from one tooth bud and, as a result, the patient has a larger tooth but a normal number, in contrast to fusion where the patient would appear to be missing one tooth.
		In geminated teeth, division is usually incomplete and results in a large tooth crown that has a single root and a single canal.
	www.forp.usp.br /bdj/bdj11(2)/t10112/t10112.html (1510 words)

	Language Log: Conservation of gemination: another example
		In another good example of orthographic gemination, I was just reading something that contained the well-attested spelling "dissapointed", which also seems to partake of the feeling of a zero-sum transfer of doubling.
		Google has 298,000 for "dissapointed", more than twice the 130,000 for "dissappointed" with two doubled letters.
		Posted by Mark Liberman at June 7, 2004 05:09 PM
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001026.html (200 words)

	Plug In music : Review of Geminus Sect - Gemination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		“Gemination,” the 2002 debut release of The Geminus Sect is an odd but appealing blending of KMFDM, Ministry, Nine Inch Nails and Atari Teenage Riot.
		Sounding not like any one of those artists in particular, “Gemination” is strong programming layered with heavy riffs that isn’t quite industrial but isn’t quite metal.
		“Gemination” isn’t a collection of the same song played twelve times; instead, the album is twelve songs that sound to come from the same band without going all over the place.
	www.pluginmusic.com /review.php?page=geminussect (245 words)

	"gemination," of Martian canals
		In observing the canal he had named Nilus, stretching between Lunae Lacus and Ceraunius, he saw "...
		two tracks regular, uniform in appearance, and exactly parallel...." By 1882, he had charted as many as 20 geminations.
		Observers such as Perrotin, Pickering, and Lowell provided confirmation, though by the early 1890s the consensus was growing that the geminations could be explained as an optical or psychological effect.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/gemination.html (160 words)

	Gemination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		We have used the term `gemination' to refer to the process whereby consonants can be doubled in Tamil.
		All the consonants referred to so far can be geminated except for the r-like sounds ¯ r and ° = to0pt.25ex ##= by.25ex.
		A sequence of two geminate consonants is actually twice as long as its single analog after short vowels; after long vowels, the sequence is not as long as after short vowels, but longer than a single consonant.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /plc/tamilweb/book/chapter1/node18.html (188 words)

	Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology. Graduate Information - Phonological Constraints on Reading: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Hebrew frequently manifests gemination in its roots, but strictly constrains its position: Root-final gemination is extremely frequent (e.g., bdd), whereas root-initial gemination is very rare (e.g., bbd).
		The emergence of this asymmetry regardless of the position of geminates in the word implicates a constraint on root, rather than simply word structure.
		Speakers are thus sensitive to the identity of geminates and constrain their location in the root.
	www.psy.fau.edu /graduate/projects110-phonological.html (207 words)

	Geminus Sect - Gemination Review
		Geminus Sect are apparently identical twins, Xevin and Xayne, which in itself lends a pretty interesting story.
		Gemination is pretty heavy album that shows signs of the boys talents.
		It's pretty fuzzy but that may be the sound that the twins were shooting for.
	www.musicemissions.com /display_review/1840 (227 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It is so even if the gemination is not indicated by a dage$ xazaq in the pointed script, such as when it is one of the consonants `, h, x, ', r (which in the pointed script, their characters cannot have a "dage$ xazaq"), e.g., mitnahhel (
		However, gemination shall be written as one character if it is at the beginning of a word after an attached particle with a vowel being placed before the hypenh, e.g., ha-bor (not ha-bor nor hab-bor,
		We suggest that shewa shall never be transcribed, but see 6.2.3.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /users/ornan/ornan6.html (332 words)

	Jeannette Marshall Denton
		Dissertation: “North and West Germanic consonant gemination: a philological and phonetic reanalysis”
		“Rhotic Articulation and the Early Upper German Gemination of *r.” Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 124.3: 385-410 (2002).
		“Phonetic Motivation for Consonant Gemination: Evidence from Greek, Romance, and Germanic.” Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS), 325-328, 1999.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Jeannette_Denton/vitares.htm (1401 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.738: R-linking, Invariance, Gemination
		Although I am not a professional linguist, I have written a thesis on the theories of the ancient Hebrew D-stem (i.e.
		the one with the doubled radical) and its relationship to the geminated D-stems in the other Semitic languages.
		Though the specific argument of the thesis itself might not be of such great interest, the bibliography and the general discussion might be of some interest.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/2/2-738.html (1463 words)

	THOUGHTS ON SEED GEMINATION:
		THOUGHTS ON SEED GEMINATION: HISTORICAL USE OF KN03
		I just finished writing the Seed Germination and Viability Course for CSU Continuing Education, and I've been reviewing what I have written for my section of this correspondence course.
		We may have included KN03 into our testing procedures because of some old experiments to see if plant nutrients would affect seed germination, but isn't it nice to know that they do have a basis in the natural world for why they work.
	www.frsa.org /1997sf11/11-2HistoricalUseofKNO3.html (1088 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.62: German; Jakobson; Revived languages; Gemination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		LINGUIST List 6.62: German; Jakobson; Revived languages; Gemination
		So far I know of only 3 languages where consonant gemination is= "syntacticaly" determined, namely: (1) Italian, with the "raddoppiamento sinttatico", under certain conditions.= For instance, "a casa" =3D /akkasa/.
		(2) Biblical Hebrew, where C- is geminated after the definite article= (except for some C's).
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-62.html (232 words)

	Gemination Music CDs at Songsearch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Gemination Music CDs, DVD Movies, Music Videos, Songs, and Song Titles
		Try the new search options on the left navigation bar including the new Category / Genre search.
		You can also look through our entire catalog of over 800,000 titles alphabetically by artist name or album title.
	www.songsearch.com /title/g/gemination.html (47 words)

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