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Topic: Gender differences

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	Gender Differences - WikEd
		Gender Schema Theory: "Organized networks of knowledge about what it means to be male or female.
		Currently researchers are acknowledging that gender differences have little to no biological basis and are focusing on gender differences as a result of the social, cultural, and environmental influences.
		It is an interesting read and she is not without critics, but still a different way of looking at gender differences based on play styles in and out of classroom and supervised environments.
	wik.ed.uiuc.edu /index.php/Gender_Differences (3580 words)

	PA-03-139: WOMEN, GENDER DIFFERENCES AND DRUG ABUSE
		The implications of gender-based differences in risk factors for prevention and treatment interventions are largely unexplored; however, these differences raise the possibility that interventions that are designed to target gender-sensitive and gender-specific risk factors and that are guided by well-established gender differences in psychosocial and cognitive development could improve outcomes for both males and females.
		Gender differences are emerging in various aspects of treatment research including treatment entry characteristics, treatment and services needs, barriers to treatment, treatment engagement and retention, treatment outcomes, and relapse.
		Mechanisms and Origins: Gender differences in the basic behavioral, biological, and genetic mechanisms underlying drug abuse and dependence; and preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of gender differences in the determinants of initiation, progression, and maintenance of drug use and dependence.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-139.html (4951 words)

	The Ladies Room - Gender Talk
		Gender Differences in the Chinese Language by Marjorie Chan
		Gender and teaching: A study of teacher gender and verbal interaction patterns in same-sex and mixed-sex groups in the classroom.
		Gender Differences in Language Use: A study of complimenting from Bath, South West England.
	www.geocities.com /Wellesley/2052/genddiff.html (920 words)

	Gender Differences:Year 1 Integrative Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Previous studies showing evidence of differences in hormonal feedback affects in homosexuals and heterosexuals reflect experimental artefacts and possible differences in testicular function due to drugs, alcohol, or ageing which were not controlled for [17].
		Gender dysphoria refers to the strong feelings some people have that they were born the wrong sex, their gender identity conflicts with their external appearance.
		Gender dysphoria herein refers to that psychological state whereby a person demonstrates dissatisfaction with their sex of birth and the sex role, as socially defined, which applies to that sex, and who requests hormonal and surgical sex reassignment.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year1/inttopic/gender.html (10362 words)

	Men and Women: No Big Difference
		Using meta-analytical techniques that revolutionized the study of gender differences starting in the 1980s, she analyzed how prior research assessed the impact of gender on many psychological traits and abilities, including cognitive abilities, verbal and nonverbal communication, aggression, leadership, self-esteem, moral reasoning and motor behaviors.
		The differences that are supported by the evidence cause concern, she believes, because they are sometimes used to support prejudicial beliefs and discriminatory actions against girls and women.
		She suggests that anyone reading about gender differences consider whether the size of the differences are large enough to be meaningful, recognize that biological and environmental variables interact and influence one other, and remember that the conclusions that we accept today could change in the future.
	www.psychologymatters.org /nodifference.html (961 words)

	Gender Differences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Differences in the abilities of males and females in the area of mathematics in investigated.
		Their research, like other research, determines that there is a very small gender gap among males and females in the eighth grade, but that gap expands in the tenth grade and then increases even more in the twelfth grade.
		Another contributing factor to the gender gap among males and females in mathematics is the expectations of students from parents and teachers.
	www.georgetowncollege.edu /departments/education/portfolios/Tencza/gender_differences.htm (2836 words)

	gender differences in hearing
		Gender distinctions and lateral asymmetry in the low-level auditory brainstem response of the human neonate.
		The group led by Hiroaki Sato was the first to demonstrate consistent sex differences in the anatomy of the inner ear: girls are born with a cochlea which is shorter and stiffer than boys’.
		Gender differences in cochlear response time: an explanation for gender amplitude differences in the unmasked auditory brainstem response.
	www.genderdifferences.org /hearing.htm (882 words)

	Gender Differences in Cognitive Functioning
		The scope of this paper is to examine the scientific research on the differences between the sexes, particularly in regard to the brain and cognitive functioning in young people.
		The differences between the intellectual capacities of the sexes appear to be in patterns of ability, rather than in overall intellectual functioning (Kimura, 1992).
		There is increasing evidence for neuroanatomic differences contributing to the cognitive functioning of males and females, although the literature is by no means conclusive, as there are numerous questions remaining and vast amounts of information still to be learned about the human brain and sex-related abilities.
	orion.it.luc.edu /~hweiman/GenderDiffs.html (2763 words)

	The Body: Meeting Explores Gender Differences in Viral Load
		The issue of gender differences in viral load gained momentum in December 1998 when a major study reported that women may progress to AIDS with half the viral level of men.
		Data were conflicting as to whether gender differences persist after the first five years of HIV infection.
		Attempts to identify and describe causes for gender differences in viral load were discussed.
	www.thebody.com /pinf/aug00/gender.html (963 words)

	Gender Differences in Driving
		Certainly there are individual differences in driving and perhaps even gender differences, but I think that there must be many factors to consider when studying this possibility.
		I would assume that their are gender differences in driving in that it could be supported in a study that could determine that there are physiological differences among genders.
		To investigate gender differences in acceptance of substance abuse behavior among adolescents, 968 students were administered a questionnaire to assess their perceptions.
	www.soc.hawaii.edu /leonj/459s98/hattori/report1.html (2061 words)

	About Gender - Differences
		It seems not unreasonable to suggest that the sexes are different because their brains are different, but then no two human brains are the same.
		We must not allow those who insist on the difference to blind us to the similarities and we must not allow the biological stereotypers to get away with the idea that there is only one kind of man and one kind of woman.
		Maccoby and Jacklin's 1974 review of the papers on gender and sex differences is the one most often quoted, and it may be that, more than thirty years later, another is urgently needed.
	www.gender.org.uk /about/00_diffs.htm (1583 words)

	To The Contrary . Gender Differences \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In recent years, the medical field has given considerable attention to the differences between the sexes; yet research on the differences between men and women on the cellular and molecular level has been lacking.
		The IOM confirmed that these sex differences influence physiological and pathological functions and exist in the prevalence and severity of a broad range of diseases, disorders, and conditions.
		While the debate about societal differences between men and women continues, biomedical researchers are making greater efforts to understand the physical differences and use them to enrich medical procedures and treatments.
	www.pbs.org /ttc/health/genderdiffs.html (236 words)

	Rossetti - Gender Differences in E-mail Communication (I-TESL-J)
		The different way boys and girls are socialized has significant ramifications on the way they communicate as adults because this encoding of social behavior is carried on into adulthood.
		One where both genders are welcome and encouraged to participate in the topic at hand: a forum where the gender of the contributors is irrelevant and can only be discerned by the voluntary addition of a name by the participant.
		In conclusion, therefore, there is undeniably a gender difference in styles in e-mail messages posted to electronic discussion groups: males are more prone to write in an aggressive, competitive style, while women tend to be far more supportive in their writing.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Rossetti-GenderDif.html (1805 words)

	Gender Differences
		It was not clear as to whether the difference was due to patient or physician refusal, failure of emergency room staff to offer thrombolytic therapy or to other causes.
		More women die after angioplasty and their complication rates are higher then for men (The age adjusted death rate for women is 4 times that of men, according to the American Heart Association).
		Gender differences have been observed in treatment practices, but since more is not necessarily better in this setting, the optimal approach for women has yet to be established.
	womensheartfoundation.org /content/HeartDisease/gender_differences.asp (1127 words)

	Gender Differences in Communication
		Most women and many men have at their disposal a variety of conversational and speech skills, any one of which they may draw upon, depending on the situation, their purposes, the roles they are playing, and the context.
		Differences are socially created and therefore may be socially altered.
		Other studies have found that talking time is related both to gender (because men spend more time talking than women) and to organizational power (because the more powerful spend more time talking than the less powerful).
	pages.towson.edu /itrow/publications/bibliography4.htm (1461 words)

	Psychology news blog @ http://www.iqte.st/ » Gender differences
		The idea was that differences in behaviour between the sexes were solely the result of upbringing: culture turned women into ironers, knitters and chatterboxes, and men into hammerers, drillers and silent types.
		But which of the differences between the sexes are “biological”, in the sense that they have been honed by evolution, and which are “cultural” or “environmental” and might more easily be altered by changed circumstances, is still fiercely debated.
		This growth and adaptation is different across genders — males learn to adopt a masculine role and females, a feminine role.
	www.iqte.st /blog/?cat=36 (2581 words)

	Gender Differences in Divers
		Gender differences in work performance, G tolerance, heat stress, and injury rate disappear when allowance is made for size, strength, and fitness.
		There was no differences between mean duration of menstrual cycle and menses in the Yes (Y) and No (N) BCP groups.
		Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate possible gender differences in the hemodynamic responses of the lower body during lower body negative pressure (LBNP).
	www.scuba-doc.com /womdiff.htm (3616 words)

	Gender Differences in Cognitive Ability
		In other words, we can gage how big the difference is, to determine whether or not it is big enough to matter in any practical way.
		This is referred to as "effect size." The largest gender difference only had an effect size of 0.25.
		So even the largest gender difference on record is considered a small difference.
	www.womenshealth.org /a/gender_cognition.htm (274 words)

	[No title]
		Gender hormones may be a key factor in the onset of a common human disorder called sleep apnea, suggest findings from a new study.
		Gender Differences in the Suicide-related Behaviors of Adolescents and Young Adults, 1998Results of a research study of gender differences in the expression of and associations among various suicide-related behaviors.
		This study asked whether there are gender and age differences on preferences for instructional practices, and if there are gender and age differences on perceptions of readiness for college in terms of academic skills, organizational skills, motivation, and commitment to educational goals.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_cult/mentalhealth/gender.html (3508 words)

	Gender Differences in Communication: Recommended Readings
		The need for an examination of currently held conceptualizations of gender roles is discussed.
		Keubli and R. Fivush's (see PA, Vol 80:17350) study by examining the emotional content of parent-child conversations about past experiences in a longitudinal study using 17 White middle-class parents and their children at 40 mo of age and again at 70 mo of age.
		Parents' use of emotion language did not differ depending upon parents' gender, but strong differences were found in parents' use of emotion terms depending upon child gender.
	otel.uis.edu /yoder/gendiffrecread.htm (996 words)

	Color Matters - Research - The Meaning of Color for Gender
		Eysenck's study, however, found only one gender difference with yellow being preferred to orange by women and orange to yellow by men.
		Findings also indicated that gender different responses in color identification may be attributed to a difference in the socialization of men and women.
		In expressing the preferences for light versus dark colors, there was no significant differences between men and women; however, in expressing the preference for bright and soft colors, there was a difference, with women preferring soft colors and men preferring bright ones.
	www.colormatters.com /khouw.html (2000 words)

	National MS Society \| Successful Initiative on Gender Differences in MS
		Understanding the gender differences in MS — that is, the increased incidence and prevalence of MS in women compared to men, along with differences in disease course and manifestations — can provide new information about MS, its cause and even its treatment.
		The initiative was declared to be a success in attracting investigators into this previously underserved area, in generating new data and in resulting in the expenditure of nearly $10 million in new research and training focused on sex-based issues that impact.
		The study of gender differences is no longer an under-explored area, and is a self-sustaining area of research interest.
	www.nationalmssociety.org /Research-TargetedGender.asp (1210 words)

	Gender Differences
		Gender Differences in Diagnosis and Management of Heart Disease
		But once body size was factored, gender was no longer a predictor.
		Evaluation for suspected coronary disease differs in women because of frequently misleading results provided by treadmill testing without imaging.
	www.womensheartfoundation.org /content/HeartDisease/gender_differences.asp (1127 words)

	TIMSS 1995 Gender Differences in Achievement
		This report describes gender differences in mathematics and science achievement on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).
		Gender differences are examined by percentiles of performance, by the cognitive processes involved in solving the mathematics and science problems, and by item format.
		Gender Differences in Achievement was released in July 2000 and written by Ina V.S. Mullis, Michael O. Martin, Edward G. Fierros, Amie L. Goldberg, and Steven E. Stemler.
	timss.bc.edu /timss1995i/gender.html (141 words)

	Gender Differences in Children's Ads
		A substantial amount of research has been conducted regarding the ways in which children acquire so-called gender appropriate behaviours, and this journal article is particularly relevant to my own research in that it considers the possible influences of television advertising upon a child's perception and subsequent re-enactment of gender role-play.
		With these behavioural differences in mind, Smith proceeds in the study of advertisements to assess whether such differences may be observed in terms of gender presentation on the screen.
		Indeed, such studies have often shown a pronounced difference in the levels of activity for male and female actors in children's advertisements, and the results are noted on an active-passive scale [Smith, 1994: 327].
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Students/lmg9307.html (2703 words)

	School Work on Gender Differences
		Gender identity is the sense we have of belonging either to the male half of the human race or the female half of the race.
		There are definite differences in place already for both men and women that are caused by the way we were socialized as children.
		Actually, what is needed is for men and women to bridge the differences between them rather than men being "right" or women being "right." Because there are definite differences between the sexes that will change very slowly over several generations in which nothing much can be done to totally get rid of that gender differences.
	www.123schoolwork.com /show_essay/232542.html (198 words)

	CND: Gender-Related Differences Affecting Health and Function
		Not only are we built differently, anatomically, but we have a significantly different array of hormones.
		Not that the hormones themselves are completely different, but the amounts, and how those amounts change month to month, and over the years, is. There is also differences in how males and females access, and have access to, medical care, how they deal with health care practitioners, and how health care practitioners deal with them.
		In fact, research is only now beginning to explore the biochemical and other differences that result in differences in the way males and females respond to infection, pain, drugs, and more.
	www.anapsid.org /cnd/gender (352 words)

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