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Topic: Gender reassignment therapy

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Gender identity disorder

Sex reassignment surgery

Legal aspects of transsexualism

Heteronormativity

Human sexual behaviour

Sexual differentiation

Hormone replacement therapy (trans)

Penile inversion

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Sexual disorder

Transman

Transwoman

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	Gender reassignment therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gender reassignment therapy is an umbrella term for all medical procedures regarding gender reassignment of both transgender and intersexual people.
		Gender reassignment therapy consists of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), various surgical procedures (see below), and epilation for transwomen, that is permanent hair removal on the face and body is accomplished with electrolysis or laser hair removal.
		Mastectomy is the removal of female breasts and, in case of gender reassignment, the shaping of a male contoured chest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gender_reassignment_therapy (498 words)

	transsexual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They almost always use terms for their sexual orientation that relate to their target gender; for example, someone assigned to the male gender at birth but who identifies as a woman, and who is attracted to men, will identify as heterosexual, not gay.
		Sex reassignment surgery consists of processes transsexual women and men take in order to match their anatomical sex to their gender identity; however, this surgery to correct genitalia (SRS) is also very expensive and not everywhere covered by public or private health insurance.
		Not all transsexual people are able to or choose to have sexual reassignment surgery (for several reasons, for example financial reasons, due to the high cost of such surgery, or medical reasons, or simply not wanting it for other reasons), although they live constantly in their target gender role; these are often called non-operative.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /transsexual.html (2399 words)

	Gender reassignment therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gender reassignment therapy is an umbrella term for all medical procedures regarding gender reassignment ofboth transgendered and intersexual people.
		Gender reassignment therapy consists of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), various surgical procedures (see below), and epilation for transwomen, thatis permanent hair removal on the face and body is accomplished with electrolysis or laser hair removal.
		Mastectomy is the removal of female breasts and, in case of genderreassignment, the shaping of a male contoured chest.
	www.therfcc.org /gender-reassignment-therapy-123375.html (530 words)

	Transsexual - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For example, someone assigned to the male gender at birth but who identifies as a woman, and who is attracted solely to men, will identify as heterosexual, not gay; and someone who was assigned female sex at birth and prefers male partners will identify as gay, not heterosexual.
		Experience with individuals who were surgically reassigned at birth (in order to correct deformities such as those caused by accidental castration) suggests strongly that the mental gender identification is determined at birth - individuals born male but raised as female show the same symptoms of gender dysphoria as transsexuals.
		Reparative therapy aimed at gay or lesbian people has also been applied to transsexual and transgender people, since gender variant behaviour is seen by proponents or reparative therapy as an extreme form of homosexuality (a view that has long since disappeared from almost all scientific discourses).
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Transsexual (4221 words)

	Gender reassignment therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gender reassignment therapy is an umbrella term for all medical procedures regarding gender reassignment of both transgender ed and intersexual people.
		The requirements for hormone replacement therapy vary greatly, often at least a certain time of psychological counceling is required, and so is a time of living in the desired gender role, if that is at all possible, in order to assure that they can psychologically function in that life-role.
		The Genesis of Gender Identity in the Male Summary of the NYU study subtitled "Prenatal Androgen Effects on Gender Identity and Gender Role" which examined gender identity, gender reassignment, and related issues in 36 patients who are genetically male, but were born without a phall
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Gender_reassignment_therapy.html (872 words)

	The Modified Mind Round Table
		That said, gender reassignment is a very long process that doesn't begin with heavy cosmetic surgery on the genitals.
		I believe that a large portion of the people who begin gender reassignment therapy do not go so far as having the surgery, whether because they are not approved for it or for financial reasons.
		Gender reassignment is a volatile process that I can only imagine is fatiguing both mentally and physically.
	www.modifiedmind.com /rt/change.html (2317 words)

	[No title]
		Gender apartheid?: The lesbian and gay communities aren't homogeneous; lesbian separatists don't want lipstick lesbians and S and M dykes in there space; leather men don't want drag queens in their hotels.
		Gender trap -- One trap for the naive, which many trannys are, is rather than re-make themselves in their own image they re-make themselves as what our male culture defines as woman.
		The ``change over'', which was supposed to lead to gender euphoria, instead leads to vilification in the streets, loss of job, desertion by friends, ostracism from the family and a severe loss of self esteem, because deep down most transgendered are just as tranny phobic as the rest of our culture.
	www.qrd.org /qrd/trans/1994/transgender-seminar.ascii-12.94 (8472 words)

	Seeking a Gendered Adolescence
		The clinician may provide active medical intervention, through puberty suppression therapy, thus allowing the young person to undergo hormonal or gender reassignment therapy more easily at a later stage, should that be the chosen path.
		Such a scenario is entirely plausible in a world where hormonal and surgical gender reassignment is increasingly accepted as the only solution to transsexuals' plight, and in which the medical profession's own follow-up studies have shown a high success rate (97% to 99%) in the case of persons reassigned.
		The terms 'gender dysphoria' and 'transsexualism' denote the experience of a gender identity opposite to that of one's anatomical sex, commonly characterised by a desire to undergo medical gender reassignment.
	www.antijen.org /rebuild/GA.htm (5164 words)

	Transsexual biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There has been preliminary evidence to suggest that the brains of transsexual people are wired in alignment with their perceived gender identity: transsexual women have a female brain, transsexual men have a male brain.
		Generally speaking, physicians who perform sex-reassignment surgery require the patient to live as the opposite gender in all possible ways for at least a year (this is termed "cross-living") prior to the start of surgery.
		Not all transsexual people undergo sexual reassignment surgery (either because of the high cost of such surgery, medical reasons, or other reasons), although they live constantly in their chosen gender role; these people are often called non-operative.
	transsexual.biography.ms (3331 words)

	Hormone therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, hormone therapy is the use of hormones in medical treatment and covers various types of hormones including growth hormones and sex hormones.
		The oral contraceptive pill is a form of hormone therapy.
		Anti-hormone treatment with hormone antagonists is also used: for example, the use of antiandrogens to suppress androgenic hormones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hormonal_therapy (100 words)

	Sex Discrimination - Gender Reassignment Regulations 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, for the purposes of employment and vocational training, discrimination on grounds of gender reassignment constitutes discrimination on grounds of sex, and is contrary to the Sex Discrimination Act.
		This period of therapy, during which the individual is expected to live and work in their new sex, is often referred to as the "real life test".
		However, individuals for whom gender reassignment grounds apply should be aware of the limited exceptions to the requirement that employers must not discriminate.
	www.northernconcord.org.uk /equal-ops.htm (4015 words)

	It's Time, Oregon! Oregon Driver's License Policy (www.itstime.org)
		The applicant must present documentation from any physician stating the applicant underwent sex change surgery or a letter from a qualified therapist staling the applicant is living full-time as the desired gender as pan of gender reassignment therapy.
		If, after changing the sex designation, the applicant decides that he/she no longer wishes to continue the gender reassignment therapy, the applicant must present a letter from any physician indicating that the applicant is no longer participating in gender reassignment therapy.
		If an applicant with a previous Oregon record moves back to Oregon and began the gender reassignment therapy outside of Oregon, the applicant must present a letter from a qualified therapist slating the applicant is living full-time as the desired gender as part off gender reassignment therapy.
	www.geocities.com /~itstimeoregon/ORIssues-ODLPolicy.htm (434 words)

	Heart of Canada: Reply To An Otherwise Exhaustive Debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		You appear to be arguing that gender identity is based on a person's genotype alone, while simultaneously arguing that there is a metaphysical (as opposed to "social") aspect to gender that remains unchanged even after hormonal treatment and surgery.
		Gender identity is based on much more than your genotype, and how you are working in "metaphysics" here (as opposed to religion and morality) is a bit of a mystery in itself.
		Furthermore, arguing about gender identity is quite misleading in the context of the same-sex marriage debate because gender identity is distinct from the issue of sexual orientation (and also marriage), although the two issues, of course, are not orthogonal in relation to each other.
	heartofcanada.typepad.com /randomthoughts/2005/02/reply_to_an_oth.html (3096 words)

	All posts tagged with gender \| Metafilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A debate by Pinker vs. Spelke on the research on mind, brain, and behavior that may be relevant to gender disparities in the sciences, including the studies of bias, discrimination and innate and acquired difference between the sexes.
		A review of the current state of gender based brain research shows that women and men differ both in the way their brains are constructed and in how they function.
		Previously, brain research that examined gender differences was considered controversial because it was argued that the results might give rise to more sex discrimination against women.
	www.metafilter.com /tags/gender (1553 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gender bending/blending: Dressing in such a way as to question the traditional feminine or masculine qualities assigned to articles of clothing or adornment.
		Gender bending may be part of “fashion,” or possibly a political statement.
		Gender transition: The period of time in which a transsexual person chooses to live in the gender expression where identity is congruent—the time in which people alter their bodies through dress, hormones and surgery.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /safezone/glossary.html (1583 words)

	Monstrey Letter
		In accordance to all other major centers where transsexual patients are treated by a multidisciplinary team, an exact diagnosis of transsexualism is considered as essential before proceeding to any kind of gender reassignment therapy, hormonal as well as surgical.
		She is the person who will confirm the exact diagnosis of transsexualism as well the best timing for gender reassignment surgery.
		The gender team in this hospital is in close contact with the two major transsexual organizations in this country as well as other organizations in France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States.
	www.ftmphallo.com /Monstrey/MonstreyLetter.htm (892 words)

	Guide to the Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regs 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While it is not at present possible for a UK citizen who has undergone gender reassignment to alter his or her Birth Certificate, it is possible to obtain other official documents in the new identity.
		It is unlawful to discriminate against a person for the purpose of employment or vocational training on the ground that that person intends to undergo gender reassignment, or is undergoing gender reassignment, or has at some time in the past undergone gender reassignment.
		With respect to recruitment to a post to which a GOQ applies, employers should be aware that failure to recruit a person to whom gender reassignment grounds apply and who is living and presenting in their "new" sex may be considered unreasonable and lead to claims of discrimination by those aggrieved.
	www.pfc.org.uk /employ/dfeeguid.htm (4332 words)

	My name is Kyth, and my partner is a transsexual... - Sound Off - Scarleteen Boards
		Long story short, my husband began gender reassignment therapy in November, and is now living full-time as a woman.
		She has to do six months of talk-therapy before starting hormone therapy, and then she has to live full-time as a woman (the "real-life test") for a minimum of a year before she can have surgery.
		The doctor she wants to have for the surgery requires a year and a half, though, which is why it'll be the better part of two years before she's done.
	www.scarleteen.com /forum/Forum25/HTML/000064.html (1218 words)

	Plastic Surgery - Reconstructive Sex Reassignment urgery
		Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) includes the surgical procedures by which a person's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are changed to that of the other sex.
		People who pursue sexual reassignment surgery are usually referred to as transsexual; "trans" - to go or travel between points; "sexual" - pertaining to the sexual characteristics (not sexual actions!) of a person.
		Transsexual people who cannot or want not to have SRS and particularly genital reassignment surgery are considered non-op, while "gender refusenik" is a slang term among transgender people.
	www.mdboard.org /6_Reconstructive_Sex_Reassignment_urgery.html (444 words)

	[No title]
		The longer after puberty hormone therapy is started, the less effective it is--but not a linear scale, e.g., results are considerably more dramatic in an 18 year old than a 28 year old, but results are not on the average dramatically different between a 38 year old and a 48 year old.
		If there is unusually low development after, say, two years of hormone therapy, it might be that the gross empirical results, e.g., breast growth and fat redistribution, should be used as a primary rather than secondary indicator, provided ones health (especially of the liver) is not compromised.
		It is unusual for the therapy to not work; the most common cause is the choice of oral preparations since the absorbtion varies among individuals.
	home.earthlink.net /~miche1/hormones.html (7406 words)

	Hormone therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Could hormone replacement therapy - once embraced by women and their doctors but now largely shunned as a carcinogen - be behind high breast cancer rates in the Puget Sound area?
		Many women are concerned by the disease and they want to know how common it is, what symptoms it causes, how it can be treated effectively and especially how it can be detected early or prevented.
		More often than not when the clock finally grinds to 5.31pm, trudging to the gym for an after-office workout is the last thing on the agenda.
	www.infothis.com /find/Hormone_therapy (369 words)

	Comments on 17413 \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I don't think gender reassignment can be considered while the body is still in growth phase, but I'm no doctor, so it's speculation on my part.
		That was interesting, but seems to have nothing to do with gender reassignment; apparently most of these mis-chromosomed people have no idea anything's wrong until they find themselves infertile.
		Gender reassignment is still very young and the main thing is hormone therapy, and removal of unwanted sex characteristics (women have their breasts removed, post-op males have their weenies removed).
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/17413 (3408 words)

	Liberation Generation: lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender equality beyond 2002
		Your death certificate is of first gender, not only a negation of that person’s entire existence, but with potentially painful implications for their family.
		But in applying for gender reassignment therapy and sex reassignment surgery, transsexuals find their way blocked by the under-resourced health service.
		The wait for treatment is often years especially for female to male transsexuals for which there is only one hospital in the country that deals with this condition - and then treatment is minimal.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /liberation/transgender.html (445 words)

	Susan's Place Transgender Resources for Transsexuals and Crossdressers
		It is established that there must be a minimum period of one year of hormone therapy and one year of real life experience in the chosen gender before the board can approve a candidate for sex reassignment surgeries.
		Gender reassignment is one of the most radical and disruptive things that an individual can do.
		Transition must be pursued in the face of the general disapproval of society and the specific disapproval of loved ones, the reluctance of the medical community to provide services, a scarcity of resources, and countless legal and social obstacles.
	www.susans.org /Sex_Reassignment_Surgery (383 words)

	PsycPORT Handhelds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		And the researchers also found disagreement as to the minimum age at which gender reassignment therapy is considered safe, and that therapy options offered to individual patients seem to depend on the individual psychiatrist.
		Gender identity disorder is characterised by a strong and persistent desire to be the opposite sex, together with discomfort with one's own sex.
		In three-quarters of the remaining patients, gender identity confusion was secondary to other psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders, dissociative disorders, or psychotic disorders.
	www.psycport.com /stories/healthmedia_2003_07_23_eng-healthmedia_eng-healthmedia_053520_7740794876739300212.xml.html (352 words)

	Hum. Reprod. -- De Sutter 16 (4): 612
		Brothers, D. and Ford, W.C. (2000) Gender reassignment and assisted reproduction: An ethical analysis.
		Haraldsen, I.R. and Dahl, A.A. (2000) Symptom profiles of gender dysphoric patients of transsexual type compared to patients with personality disorders and healthy adults.
		Jones, H.W. (2000) Gender reassignment and assisted reproduction.
	www.annelawrence.com /grrepro.html (1995 words)

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