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	Gene Sharp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gene Sharp (born 1928) is a political scientist, author and founder of the Albert Einstein Institution, a non-profit organisation which studies and promotes the use of nonviolent action.
		Sharp argues that if the subjects of a particular state recognize that they are the source of the state's power they can refuse their obedience and their leader(s) will be left without power.
		Sharp's scholarship has influenced the strategy of resistance organizations around the world, most recently and notably in youth movements in Eastern Europe, including Otpor in Serbia, Kmara in the republic of Georgia, Pora in Ukraine, KelKel in Kyrgyzstan, and Zubr in Belarus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gene_Sharp (629 words)

	Gene Sharp's Theory of Power, by Brian Martin
		Sharp defines political power, which is one type of social power, as 'the totality of means, influences, and pressures - including authority, rewards, and sanctions - available for use to achieve the objectives of the power-holder, especially the institutions of government, the State, and groups opposing either of them' (1980, p.
		Sharp counterposes his analysis to the common idea that power is a monolithic entity residing in the person or position of a ruler or ruling body.
		Sharp argues instead that power is pluralistic, residing with a variety of groups and in a diversity of locations, which he calls 'loci of power'.
	www.uow.edu.au /arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/89jpr.html (6008 words)

	Chapter Excerpt: KISS by David Leaf and Ken Sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1955, Gene's parents were divorced, and Gene and his mother, who had two brothers living in the U.S., emigrated to America in June of 1958.
		Gene's career as a performer is a direct outgrowth of his philosophy.
		Gene is very proud of the fact that he paid his tuition himself.
	www.twbookmark.com /books/14/0446530735/chapter_excerpt17633.html (3523 words)

	Gene Sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gene Autry, the Singing Cowboy A fan tribute to Gene Autry with related links and information on how to purchase Gene Autry's music and videos.
		Gene Express, Inc. Provide gene assays to assist pharmaceutical and biotech companies with new drug development and multi-gene expression analysis services to researchers.
		Sharp PC-1270 Pocket Computer Development Tools Information for those who write software and are looking for information and/or technical support for the Sharp PC-1270 Sharp Pocket Computer, and its accessories.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Gene_Sharp.html (425 words)

	Gene Sharp's Theory of Power : May 2005 : Peacework
		Gene Sharp, the world's leading writer on nonviolent action, uses a theory of power based on a division between rulers and subjects and on the withdrawing of consent as the main avenue for effecting political change.
		Sharp argues instead that power is pluralistic, residing with a variety of groups and in a diversity of locations, which he calls "loci of power." The loci of power provide a countervailing force against the power of the ruler, especially when the loci are numerous and widely distributed throughout society.
		Sharp also gives no analysis of the social system of bureaucracy and how its hierarchy, division of labor, and regular procedures serve to enmesh everyone - including top bureaucrats - into patterns of behavior which are hard to escape.
	www.afsc.org /pwork/0505/050514.htm (2840 words)

	Gene Sharp Lecture MP3 Audio
		Sharp goes on to ask rhetorically why war continues to be an accepted form of conflict.
		Sharp maintains that using nonviolent action is not contrary to human nature (or even animal nature); it builds on our natural capacity to be stubborn, obnoxious and incompetent.
		Gene Sharp holds a Doctor of Philosophy degree in political theory from Oxford University.
	www.fragmentsweb.org /fourtx/sharplec.html (970 words)

	Gene Sharp
		Sharp further points out that while what Gandhi thought satyagraha ideally should be distinguished it substantially from the instances of nonviolent struggle elsewhere that had caught his attention, its actual characteristics, as used by him and his community of persons engaged in struggle, were less distinctive (p.
		In an appendix, Sharp argues that "believers" in "nonviolence" impede the elimination of violence by assuming that all that is needed is adoption of the proper moral principles (assumed to be already adequately understood) of rejecting violence and embracing nonviolence.
		Sharp's writings on nonviolent struggle, in various abridged or specially prepared versions, have been translated into more than twenty languages by people convinced his ideas can help their efforts to liberate themselves from dictatorships, attempted genocide, or oppression.
	www.civilianbaseddefense.org /magazine/v18n1/sharp.html (1045 words)

	RNAi: What’s All the Noise About Gene Silencing?
		Today, gene silencing--or RNA interference (RNAi), as it is now known--has revolutionized genetics and is on the verge of spawning an entirely new class of drugs to treat human diseases with a genetic component.
		The ability to reproducibly and robustly silence every single gene in the genome is expected to facilitate the acquisition of profound new knowledge regarding function and regulation at the cell and whole-organism levels.
		By interrogating every gene, it's possible to compile a portrait of all the pathways that are relevant to cellular function and response, such that researchers could look at which genes are being expressed in members of a population and accurately predict the effects of exposure to particular environmental agents.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /txg/members/2004/112-4/focus.html?section=toxicogenomics (3813 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gene Sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nonviolent resistance (or nonviolent action) is the practice of applying power to achieve socio-political goals through symbolic protests, economic or political noncooperation, civil disobedience and other methods, without the use of physical violence.
		Gene Sharp, the world's leading writer on non-violent action, uses a theory of power based on a division between rulers and subjects and on the withdrawing of consent as the main avenue for effecting political change.
		Sharp's ideas are especially worthy of critical attention because they have been widely adopted by social activists as providing a theoretical underpinning for their own nonviolent actions.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gene-Sharp (1308 words)

	GLOBALIZATION - The NI Interview
		Gene Sharp, senior scholar-in-residence at the Albert Einstein Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has written extensively on the nature and potential of non-violent strategies for social-justice movements.
		Sharp believes that any regime, no matter how dictatorial, depends upon crucial sources of power: a certain moral authority, obedience or at least some co-operation from the people, the army and the police, the economic system and the bureaucracy.
		I was curious as to whether Gene Sharp was able to draw direct inspiration from the effects of his teachings on people’s movements as they helped the shift ‘from dictatorship to democracy’.
	www.newint.org /issue296/interview.htm (867 words)

	War by other means - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Ideas - News
		Sharp, now in his late 70s, has a gentle manner and an air of humility before a vast and complex world in which his ideas have attained powerful purchase.
		Even as Sharp's work reaches the height of its influence, the Albert Einstein Institution, which publishes educational materials, hosts workshops abroad at the request of foreign activists, and painstakingly manages and vets the translations of ''From Dictatorship to Democracy," has run out of funding and may be forced to close its doors in September.
		SHARP: Yes, but they didn't plan for the transition, and so various people who had their own ideas of what the new regime should be took over.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/05/29/war_by_other_means?mode=PF (1726 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sharp describes some of the ways in which opponents attempt to provoke violence, and suggests ways of resisting such provocation by promoting movement solidarity and discipline.
		Chapter Four expands on Sharps notion of nonviolent action as "political jiu-jitsu." Sharp explains that "the nonviolent actionists cause the violence of the opponent's repression to be exposed in the worst possible light.
		Sharp concludes by contrasting nonviolent action and the decentralization of power to violence and the centralization of power.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/shardyna.htm (836 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sharp suggests general areas were such nonviolent action may be effective.
		Sharp begins by arguing that defense capacity is not the same as military power, and that military occupation does not entail political control.
		Sharp suggests particular issues for investigation, and groups these issues under five general headings: nonviolent techniques, internal nondefense uses, civilian defense, consequences of nonviolence, and the nature of threats and conflicts.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/sharexpl.htm (506 words)

	UWeek Vol.16, No.20 March, 11, 1999
		Sharp, now the Salvador E. Luria Professor of Biology and head of the Department of Biology at MIT, and Dr. Richard J. Roberts, who made the discovery separately at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, New York, received the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work.
		Sharp will be at the UW to present the School of Medicine’s Annual Science in Medicine Lecture on Friday, March 26, from 3 to 4 p.m.
		Rapid gene expression and a simple genomic structure — all its genes are present in a single DNA molecule — make the adenovirus a revealing organism for researchers to examine.
	depts.washington.edu /uweek/archives/1999.03.MAR_11/article20.html (621 words)

	'Surrender as Defense' - Philip Gold
		Professor Gene Sharp is neither doctrinaire pacifist nor a left-wing screamer.
		In both of his books, Sharp advocates something called "transarmament"--a shift from military to nonmilitary national defense--for example, a new concept of defense based not upon organized technological violence but upon massive civilian nonviolent resistance.
		According to Professor Sharp, this strategy can be implemented only over a period of decades, and only after entire populations have received extensive training in the tactics and techniques of nonviolent resistance.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1986/May/Sa11234.htm (185 words)

	Reason: What Next for U.S. Foreign Policy? Power, stability, and the post-Iraq world order (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sharp has given on-site advice to dissidents as well, from nonviolent protests in the West Bank to the successful independence movements in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.
		Sharp: There was an article two years ago about the Serbia case, by Roger Cohen in The New York Times Magazine, that rather exaggerated the amount of U.S. government money that went in to finance parts of the Serbian resistance.
		Sharp: I think everything from political structure to the scale of governments has to be re-examined.
	www.reason.com /0306/fe.jw.what.shtml (4727 words)

	Why War? Transcript: An Interview With Gene Sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		GENE SHARP: Well, from high school age, I was aware of the world's problems.The Second World War was just finishing, nuclear weapons were new, Stalin was in control of the Soviet Union, colonialism was strong, and war was a problem because we knew a little about nuclear weapons.
		SHARP: I have a few pages on that point in the booklet From Dictatorship to Democracy, which was written for the Burmese democrats and published in Bangkok in 1993.
		Sharp is senior scholar at the Albert Einstein Institution.
	www.why-war.com /news/2003/07/09/aninterv1.html (4344 words)

	GENE SHARP A Biographical Profile
		Gene Sharp is Senior Scholar at the Albert Einstein Institution in Boston, Massachusetts.
		Sharp, who has been called "the Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare," founded the Albert Einstein Institution in 1983 to promote research, policy studies, and education on the strategic uses of nonviolent struggle in face of dictatorship, war, genocide, and oppression.
		Sharp has in recent years made major efforts to prepare simplified presentations on the nature of nonviolent struggle and its applications against dictatorships.
	www.mehr.org /sharp_bio.htm (5259 words)

	Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice And 21st Century Potential - Gene Sharp, Joshua Paulson, Christopher ...
		The finale of the book is a practical guide to strategic planners that draws on Sharp's research and experience, charting the future of nonviolent direct action as a reflexive and deliberate strategy rather than improvised response to concrete historical situations.
		Comment: As I become more familiar with Gene Sharp and his work, I am increasingly convinced that he is a tremendously important scholar.
		Reading Gene Sharp's books is an important step in the direction of a better world, for people and animals alike.
	www.cdswap.ws /Content/findonamazonus-Asin-0875581625.html (857 words)

	Gene Sharp: Scholar of Strategic Nonviolence : May 2005 : Peacework
		For this reason, among others, the appearance of Gene Sharp's new major book, Waging Nonviolent Struggle (see page 12 for a review), is an appropriate time to acknowledge the central place that he occupies in the history of nonviolence theory and strategy, especially his contributions to political theory and to peace and conflict studies.
		Sharp argued along similar lines that "real" political power is pluralistic and fragile "because it depends on many groups for reinforcement of its power sources….
		Although Sharp's sophisticated approach to strategic nonviolence differs radically from early commentators, such Ballou, Sharp's judgment that "all the proposals to solve the problem of violence, or particular expressions of it, have been unsuccessful" resonates with Ballou's thesis a century ago.
	www.afsc.org /pwork/0505/050510.htm (1743 words)

	EUGENE SHARP SPECIAL RECOGNITION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The late Eugene "Gene" Sharp was the Athletic Director and Head Football Coach at Barbers Hill from 1967-1973.
		While Coach Sharp's teams enjoyed considerable success on the gridiron those who knew him understood that his greatness was his love for kids.
		Eugene Sharp was born to coach, and that he did, until retiring at the age of 65 with many more championships to his credit.
	home.houston.rr.com /barbershill/eugenes.htm (238 words)

	[No title]
		In his Introduction Sharp observes that "nonviolent action is designed to operate against opponents who are able and willing to use violent sanctions."[109] Nonviolent resistance puts the violent opponent in a double-bind.
		Sharp classifies nonviolent actions into three general categories: protest or persuasion, noncooperation, and intervention.
		Sharp discusses boycotts by consumers, by workers and producers, by middlemen, by owners and managers, by those who hold financial resources, and finally by the government via embargoes.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/sharmeth.htm (674 words)

	Oxnard College - Coach Gene Sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since Sharp’s arrival at OC, both his men and women’s teams continue to grow and improve.
		Sharp in his first year guided his 1999 men’s team to the State Championship Meet, a first in the history of OC Cross-Country.
		A 1972 graduate of Moorpark College and 1974 graduate of CSU Fullerton, Sharp ran 5000 and 10,000 meter events while in college.
	www.oxnard.cc.ca.us /athletics/menscrosscountry/coachsharp.asp (365 words)

	Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice And 21st Century Potential (Gene Sharp , Joshua Paulson , Christopher ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gene Sharp has done more to advance our understanding and practice of strategic nonviolence than anyone except perhaps Mahatma Gandhi himself.
		As I become more familiar with Gene Sharp and his work, I am increasingly convinced that he is a tremendously important scholar.
		Senior scholar at the Albert Einstein Institution of Boston, Massachusetts Gene Sharp and his team of like-minded researchers apply 50 years of history, academics, and practical experience to present Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential, a meticulous accounting of how nonviolent methodologies can combat dictatorships, war, genocide, and oppression.
	www.dogbits.com /bookstore/us/product/0875581625.htm (1019 words)

	Books on Civilian based Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sharp has been called the "Clausewitz of nonviolent warfare" and has been a leading pioneer in developing of civilian-based defense.
		For the general public and policymakers, it explains how massive and selective noncooperation and defiance by a country's population and institutions can deny attackers their objectives without the dangers of modern war.
		Sharp discusses several prototypical cases of improvised nonviolent noncooperation and defiance against occupations and coups.
	books.bankhacker.com /Civilian+based+Defense (199 words)

	Extending Horizons Books: Titles
		In Waging Nonviolent Struggle, Dr. Sharp documents 23 significant—and often successful—20th century nonviolent struggles in a range of cultural and political contexts, and reaffirms nonviolent action as a realistic and powerful alternative to both passivity and violence.
		Sharp coherently integrates his theories into praxis, with a vitality tested on the frontlines, often under extreme violence.
		Sharp makes it clear that strategic nonviolence is a critical tool in the waging of today's struggles, from dismantling dictatorships and blocking coups d
	www.portersargent.com /ehb/titles_wns.htm (1115 words)

	PMag v17n4p14 -- Gene Sharp and Serbia
		Sharp has shown that dictators require the assistance of the people they rule - their skills and knowledge, their material resources, and especially their submission.
		Nine speakers, including Gene Sharp and I, participated in the two-day seminar, "From Dictatorship to Democracy," which was attended by about 40 representatives from NGOs throughout Serbia.
		Gene Sharp is Senior Scholar at the Albert Einstein Institute in Boston.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v17n4p14.htm (5974 words)

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