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	Gene gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gene gun is a device for injecting cells with genetic information, originally designed for plant transformation.
		The target of a gene gun is often a callus of undifferentiated plant cells growing on gel medium in a petri dish.
		Using the gene gun may be contrasted with using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its Ti plasmid to insert genetic information into plant cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gene_gun (306 words)

	The Gene Gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The gene gun project is the result of years of research by Pui and Assistant Professor Da-Ren Chen, also a member of the mechanical engineering faculty.
		The gun itself consists of a highly pressurized upper chamber and a low-pressure lower chamber with a diaphragm in the middle.
		Because their gene gun worked successfully on different types of cells, Pui and his team believe that it can be used on an even broader range of cell types.
	www.it.umn.edu /news/inventing/2000_Fall/nano_genegun.html (1549 words)

	Biotechnology: Gene Gun/Biolistic Technology
		Characterization of an ethylene-responsive glutathione S-transferase gene cluster in carnation.
		The chimeric gene became homoplasmic in the recipient cells and is uniformly transmitted to the maternal seed progeny.
		The heterologous gene conferring hygromycin B resistance was expressed during early stages of conidia germination and during vegetative growth of mycelium.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biblios/genegun.htm (15866 words)

	Immune Responses Induced by Gene Gun or Intramuscular Injection of DNA Vaccines That Express Immunogenic Regions of the ...
		Gene Gun immunizations with SERA plasmid DNA was immunoglobulin
		All of the mice immunized with pcdna3 SERA 17-110 by Gene
		Antibody titers from mice immunized with pcdna3 SERA 17-382 or pcdna3 SERA 17-110 DNA vaccines by intradermal Gene Gun injection.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/10/5163 (4631 words)

	Gene Gun Being Used in Auburn Research
		Daniell first encountered the Gene Gun while he was on the faculty at Harvard University and collaborating with researchers at Cornell University in New York.
		For example, the gene for the protein conferring resistance to certain herbicides is encoded by genetic structures in the chloroplast, the area of a plant cell where photosynthesis occurs.
		The Gene Gun has already been used to genetically engineer cereal crops, such as maize (corn), rice, wheat, and oats, as well as numerous dicotyledonous plants, such as soybean, tobacco and certain trees.
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/webpress/1994/gene.htm (809 words)

	Hunting Livestock Parasites With A Gene Gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After years of painstakingly moving genes, embryo by embryo, to create a transgenic animal with functioning genes other than the ones nature granted it, the scientific community was rocked in 1990 by the revelation that new genes could be injected into an animal after birth as simply as giving a vaccination.
		For the world’s gene jockeys, this was akin to the cat burglar risking life and limb to scramble into an open third floor window, only to discover that the front door had been unlocked all along.
		Delivered by the sapphire-tipped gene gun at a flesh-piercing but surprisingly painless 2,000 pounds per square inch of pressure, the DNA dissolved in salt water is atomized into fine droplets that find their way into the cells.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/ar/archive/jan97/hunting0197.htm (1273 words)

	Braz J Med Biol Res - Immunological properties of gene vaccines delivered by different routes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gene vaccination is a novel approach to immunize animals and humans against pathogenic microorganisms.
		When gene vaccines are administered by gene gun technology most of the plasmid DNA is taken up by keratinocytes and some dermal fibroblasts, which become transfected and produce the encoded antigen.
		For gene immunization to be considered a viable approach to vaccination, the immune response obtained must be shown to be sufficient to protect the host against infection by a pathogen.
	lis.isciii.es /iah/fulltext/Bjmbr/v32_2/text2.htm (3831 words)

	AFF's Brainwash :: Gene Healy :: "Gun Safety" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		District law requires all guns to be "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a triggerlock" at all times -- and it makes no exception for lawful self defense.
		I can see the logic of the philosophical arguments against gun control which I think are being advanced by Matthew and happysapien: namely, that the state has no business interfering in how you choose to defend yourself, and that armed citizens are a bulwark against oppressive government.
		Non-intentional accidents, "consensual use" in possessing, sporting and recreation, cause gun deaths and these unintentional nonmalicious deaths or injuries are often invoked as a case for gun regulation.
	www.affbrainwash.com /genehealy/archives/014653.php (2321 words)

	OSU researchers shoot into the future - Cowboy Journal - Fall 2001
		Sweeney said OSU researchers are using the $10,000 gene gun machine as a tool to accelerate a gene of interest into wheat tissue culture cells.
		Although it does not resemble a handgun or shotgun, the gun consists of a highly pressurized upper chamber and a low-pressure lower chamber with a diaphragm in the middle.
		After transforming the gene, King places the plastic container containing the coated genes under a light with a filter that allows him to view the areas of the tissue that have been engineered with the gold particles.
	cowboyjournal.okstate.edu /cjfall01/gene1.html (1017 words)

	NYSAES\|Publications\|Release\|GeneGun
		The gene gun was used to test expression of the fungi’s suppressive effects in wine grapes important in New York State, which should lead to agricultural applications that advantage New York grape growers in their perennial fight against fungus damage.
		Central to the technology is the ability to isolate genes, direct their expression of protein, monitor inheritance, reintroduce the DNA into plant cells, develop plants from those cells, grow plants that are viable in the lab, in the greenhouse, in field trials, and finally in commercial acreage.
		In a reflection of its importance in the new age of genetics, a prototype of the gene gun is on display at the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. as part of its "New Frontiers" exhibit, as well as at EPCOT Center in Orlando, FL.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /pubs/press/1999/genegun.html (1277 words)

	Gene Gun Speeds Search for New Orchid Colors
		A corn gene is giving U.S. Department of Agriculture researchers a jump start in verifying what the color of a new flower will be.
		That gene regulates the pigment in corn plants.
		Griesbach said the genetic technique - coating the corn DNA on microscopic gold pellets that are propelled, by a particle gun, into orchid flower petals - screens for genetic flaws in the parent plants crossed to breed new hybrids.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/BA/Gene_Gun_Orchid_Color.html (485 words)

	"BBs Fired by `Gene Gun' Cause Immune Response"
		A new type of "gene gun" has been developed that shoots microscopic gold BBs coated with particles of human genes directly into cells of living animals, according to a study published in the March 12 issue of Nature.
		The technique may eventually offer a new means of immunizing people against viral infections by shooting genes from a virus into thousands of their cells at a time.
		He said that with the gene gun "we can put DNA into thousands of cells at a time instead of one at a time." He added that his researchers are attempting now to shoot pellets coated with HIV genes into the cells of mice, which may lead to a vaccine against AIDS.
	www.aegis.com /news/ads/1992/AD920601.html (509 words)

	RCC gene gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After testing the feasibility of transfecting excised patient tumor cells with the GM-CSF gene by a gene gun, researchers are planning to use the approach in a phase I clinical trial of gene therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
		Seigne et al.: A Feasibility Study of Gene Gun Mediated Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
		The above picture is a gene gun, which delivers a plasmid coated gold particle by a 200 lb.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/RCC/RCCgenegun.html (80 words)

	creativepro.com - Scanning Around With Gene: Gun for the Whole Family
		Winchester, founded in 1866, is the gun brand most associated with the taming of the wild West, at least when it came to rifles.
		Most gun manufacturers were careful to officially portray their products being used against animals, tin cans, or other "harmless" targets, though at times some brands played off the fears of individuals living in tough times.
		Shooting guns was not limited to boys and their fathers, of course, and gun manufacturers courted the Mom market as well.
	www.creativepro.com /story/feature/23909.html (1294 words)

	Biotechnology: Gene Gun/Biolistic Technology
		A spectinomycin resistance mutation is encoded in the gene of the 16S rRNA and, 3.2 kb away, a streptomycin resistance mutation is encoded in exon II of the ribosomal protein gene rps12.
		The hybrid maturase is an in-frame fusion between the N-terminal half of the maturase encoded by intron 1 of the COXI (cytochrome oxidase) gene and the C-terminal half of a similar maturase encoded by COXI intron 2.
		Abstract: Plasmids carrying the beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS) under the control of the promoter from the previously cloned gene specific for infection structure, INF24, were constructed by inserting the INF24 promoter in front of the GUS gene carried in the Bluescript vector.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biblios/qb9449.html (17223 words)

	Cross-Priming as a Predominant Mechanism for Inducing CD8+ T Cell Responses in Gene Gun DNA Immunization -- Cho et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gene gun administration of a plasmid DNA is known to primarily
		Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized on wk 0 and 3 by two nonoverlapping gene gun deliveries with gold particles coated with 0.5 µg of the indicated plasmids.
		Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA: mechanism of CTL priming.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/167/10/5549 (6437 words)

	Bio572: Transgenic plants
		The transfered DNA is the region between the right and left border sequences, and includes genes that are tumorigenic (auxin and cytokinin production), and a gene the directs synthesis of specific opines (sugar derivatives that are not easily catabolized by other species).
		A gene that makes a diffusible protein product can be moved generally, and that is an example of a "trans" element.
		" functions (the genes responsible for the connection between the bacteria) are different, and may or may not be encoded on the plasmid.
	www.escience.ws /b572/L20/L20.htm (2301 words)

	Particle Gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Microprojectile bombardment can be used to assay the ability of gene constructs to function (transient expression assay).
		Microprojectile bombardment is the only technique so far successful in putting genes into plastids and mitochondria.
		A variant of the original biolistic machine, the gene gun, is used in genetic immunization by impelling genes for antigens into an animal's skin.
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/MG/MGW4/MG434.html (166 words)

	Basic mechanisms of DNA-raised antibody responses to intramuscular and gene gun immunizations.
		Intramuscular and gene gun-raised Abs had similar dependencies on CD4+ and CD8+ cells but different temporal patterns of functional Ag expression.
		Despite similar titers of raised Ab, Ag-presenting dendritic cells could be detected in the draining lymph nodes and spleen of gene gun- but not i.m.
		In the gene gun-immunized mice, Ag-presenting dendritic cells appeared in the draining lymph nodes before the spleen.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/2000/jun/A0061285.html (509 words)

	Planet Ark : 'Gene Gun' Vaccine Prevents Allergy in Mice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The gene gun is a helium-powered device that bombards the skin with DNA-coated gold particles.
		Stephan Sudowe and colleagues, from the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz in Germany, used the gene gun to deliver the DNA for beta-galactosidase, a type of allergen, to mice.
		The animals were then given repeated injections of the allergen to see if the gene gun vaccine had prevented the production of IgE antibodies, the type responsible for allergic reactions.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/28012/story.htm (468 words)

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