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	Vo Nguyen Giap
		Giap was able to convince his troops that they might have to fight and sustain heavy casualties for two or more decades to achieve victory.
		Giap proved his brilliance as a logistician when he had his troops disassemble artillery pieces and antiair weapons, mostly supplied by China and the Soviet Union, and packed them over the mountains onto the high ground overlooking the French garrison.
		Giap continued his three phases of warfare, remaining reasonable successful with I and II in fighting the superior arms and numbers of the South Vietnamese and their American allies.
	www.carpenoctem.tv /military/giap.html (1205 words)

	Vo Nguyen Giap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All the while, Giap was a dedicated reader of military history and philosophy, revering Napoleon I and Sun Tzu.
		General Navarre, the French commander in Vietnam, was forced to redeploy large numbers of his forces from their safe zone in order to protect Laos.
		In the new government Vo Nguyen Giap was minister of defence and deputy premier until 1980.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vo_Nguyen_Giap (1881 words)

	General Giap revisits Dien Bien Phu \| ak2 translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Giap’s account of the remarkable logistical feat of dragging heavy artillery hundreds of kilometres up steep mountains and down steep ravines in the jungle, and Navarre’s gross underestimation of the resolve of the Vietnamese soldiers, are two aspects congruous with other contemporary accounts, as are his descriptions of the hardships endured by both sides.
		Giap starts off with a singular interpretation of the Korean conflict, and setting the tone for his subjective and heavily-politicised report on the origins and build up to the battle, and its subsequent execution and aftermath.
		Giap vividly evokes the terrible hardships faced on both sides of the battle lines, and discomforts of sustained trench warfare, and the miseries of insect and vermin infestations.
	ak2.net /node/55 (484 words)

	Vo Nguyen Giap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		General Giap was considered to be one of the most interesting characters of the Vietnam War.
		Giap's first command was a group of 34 guerillas, which he led to some small victories; at the end of his career he commanded the world's third largest army and was hailed as the architect of Vietnam's victory.
		In 1967, Giap was the designer of the Tet offensive; this proved to be his last great military involvement, retiring in 1973 after the failed Ester Offensive.
	www.vietnampix.com /popgiap.htm (377 words)

	CNN Cold War - Interviews: Vo Nguyen Giap
		Vo Nguyen Giap is perhaps the most important figure in the early history of communist Vietnam -- with the exception of Ho Chi Minh.
		Giap orchestrated the defeat of the French at the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1953 and remained minister of defense of the newly independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
		In general, I must say they were the most intelligent people, with certain talents such as military, political and diplomacy skills.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/11/interviews/giap (1868 words)

	THE BATTLE OF KHE SANH, 1968
		General Tompkins, commander of the 3rd Marine Division, latter asserted that had the PAVN succeeded in interdicting the combat base's water supply, that it would have been impossible to provision Khe Sanh with water in addition to its other resupply requirements.
		Giap, if he had access to sufficient intelligence information, could very well have concluded that the Americans would be likely to reinforce the base in response to a massive deployment of PAVN forces, pulling men from other areas in Vietnam to do so.
		Giap had successfully achieved his diversion and had nothing to lose by continuing the fight with the intent of overrunning the Khe Sanh Combat Base.
	www.library.vanderbilt.edu /central/brush/BattleKheSanh1968.htm (10503 words)

	Vo Nguyen Giap
		Vo Nguyen Giap was born in Quang-binh Province, Vietnam, in 1912.
		General Navarre, the French commander in Vietnam, realized that time was running out and that he needed to obtain a quick victory over the Vietminh.
		Navarre surmised that in an attempt to reestablish the route to Laos, General Giap would be forced to organize a mass-attack on the French forces at Dien Bien Phu.
	www.vietnamwar.net /Giap.htm (1411 words)

	Vietnam: General Vo Nguyen Giap Military Review - Find Articles
		Giap commanded Vietnamese forces that defeated the French during the First Indochina War and was the Minister of Defense during the U.S. fight in Vietnam.
		Giap's book, General Vo Nguyen Giap: The General Headquarters in the Spring of Brilliant Victory (The Gioi Publishers, Hanoi, 2002), has been translated into English and provides a ready source of information on Giap's view of the final phases of that conflict.
		Giap does not try to conceal that the success of the final North Vietnamese advance to victory depended on the U.S. departure in 1975 and on the politically crippled position of President Richard M. Nixon.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_2_85/ai_n13822002 (891 words)

	Nhan Dan --- News
		It was the General Insurrection in Autumn 1945.
		General Vo Nguyen Giap is not only a military strategist, but also an ideologist, a man of culture and a scientist, who combines theory and practice.
		General Vo Nguyen Giap is very keen on Party buildup and rectification, towards building a strong all peopleâs national defence and safeguarding the fatherland.
	www.nhandan.com.vn /english/news/280806/world_vng.htm (1399 words)

	Giap: Volcano
		This is an account of the life and "career of General Vo Nguyen Giap, defence minister of the Vietnamese Communists and commander-in-chief of their armies during the Indo-China wars." (Times Lit Suppl) Index.
		The author's interpretation of Giap as a first-rate practitioner of war as a synthesis of military and political approaches is defensible, albeit conventional.
		Giap, Colvin says, was an overrated commander who was victorious because of his willingness to sacrifice hundreds of thousands of lives and because of the large-scale support he received from China and the Soviet Union.
	www.tuvy.com /resource/books/g/giap_volcano_under_snow.htm (936 words)

	SIGNS OF CHANGES
		Giap is known by many journalists and scholars as a skilled strategist, even a great general of the century, or at least the conqueror of Dien Bien Phu.
		Though Giap has been the topic of hundreds of articles and books, most Western writers are missing important parts of his personality and his controversial role in the Communist victories in the wars.
		Giap committed the second perilous mistake, expressing his opposition to the Politburo's decision to invade Cambodia in 1978.
	www.vietquoc.com /news2001/na090101.htm (1177 words)

	Vets With A Mission - Bio of General Vo Nguyen Giap
		Giap of course, is a legend, with a larger-than-life image which the party and State in Hanoi, as well as the world's press, have enthusiastically contributed.
		General Giap's strategic thinking early in the Vietnam War, from 1959 until at least 1966, was to let the NLF and PLAF do it by the Viet Minh War book.
		Giap opposed it, although evidence of this is mostly inferential, holding that a quick military solution was not possible, that Pol Pot would embrace a dau tranh strategy against PAVN and the result would be a bogged down war.
	www.vwam.com /vets/nva/giap.html (2114 words)

	Enemy leaders at the time of the war in SVN
		Senior General Vo Nguyen Giap was, and is, the only PAVN figure known at all well outside of Vietnam, the only PAVN general mentioned in most counts of the Vietnam war, and the only Vietnamese communist military leader about whom a full length biography has been written.
		What changed Giap's thinking, and his assumption that the war against the Americans could be a continuation of the war against the French, was the battle of Ia Drang Valley, the first truly important battle of the war.
		Giap was given a series of relatively important short term task force assignments.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-leaders/enemy_svn.htm (3116 words)

	Tet Offensive of 1968
		The Tet Offensive of 1968 was conceived by General Giap, commander of the North Vietnam Army and his staff.
		General Giap earlier in his career planned and executed the battle at Dien Bien Phu which drove the French out of Vietnam in 1954.
		During the battle of Dien Bien Phu, General Giap stated he was willing to lose 10 men for every 1 enemy soldier killed, which indicated that a person's life in Vietnam was cheap.
	www.1stcavmedic.com /tet_offensive_of_1968.htm (1187 words)

	Vo Nguyen Giap - Encyclopedia.com
		Vo Nguyen Giap, 1911-, soldier and government official of North Vietnam and later of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
		Giap helped to organize the Viet Minh forces, fighting to oust the Japanese in World War II and the French after the war; he became commander of the Viet Minh in 1946.
		A master of guerrilla warfare, he was credited with the defeat of the French at Dienbienphu (1954) and later directed the strategy of the North in the Vietnam War, notably in the 1968 Tet offensive.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Giap-VoN.html (639 words)

	William Westmoreland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Westmoreland's World War II experience with the 82nd Airborne led to his being asked by General James M. Gavin to join the 82nd as a regimental commander after the war, which was the beginning of his professional association with airborne and airmobile troops.
		In late 1953 Westmoreland was promoted brigadier general and spent the next 5 years at The Pentagon.
		Wallace's memoir is generally sympathetic to Wesmoreland as a man, although he makes it clear he disagreed with him on issues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Westmoreland (1963 words)

	An Officer and a Gentleman: General Vo Nguyen Giap as Military Man and Poet, Cecil B. Currey
		The Sixties Project, sponsored by Viet Nam Generation Inc. and the Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, is dedicated to using electronic resources to provide routes of collaboration and make available primary and secondary sources for researchers, students, teachers, writers and librarians interested in the 1960s.
		Inevitably, however, western generals were (and are) men of practical bent--individuals who mastered the art of moving masses of men, varied military units, and mountains of supplies at the proper time and into the appropriate place on a battlefield in such a way as to overpower enemy forces.
		We know of Japanese generals who were adepts in the traditional tea ceremony of their land or who left memorable inscriptions in the three lines and seventeen syllables of haiku, or who quietly cultivated the stone and sand gardens within the walls of their home.
	lists.village.virginia.edu /sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Scholarly/Currey_Giap.html (2743 words)

	Vo Nguyen Giap
		Vo Nguyen Giap was born in Quang-binh Province, Vietnam, in 1912.
		General Navarre, the French commander in Vietnam, realised that time was running out and that he needed to obtain a quick victory over the Vietminh.
		Employing recently obtained anti-aircraft guns and howitzers from China, Giap was able to restrict severely the ability of the French to supply their forces in Dien Bien Phu.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /VNgiap.htm (1479 words)

	Combined Arms Research Library
		General Hollingsworth reported 0n the 16th to General Abrams, commander of MACV in Saigon, that "there was a great battle at An Loc yesterday, perhaps the greatest of this campaign.
		General Hung and his adviser, Colonel Walter F. Ulmer, who had just replaced Colonel Miller, realized that the NVA were trying to separate the ARVN forces and moved the 5th Airborne Battalion from the southern part of the perimeter to blunt both NVA penetrations in the northeast and west.
		General Minh, the III Corps commander, recognized that providing fire support to both the defenders of An Loc and the would-be relief force from the 21st ARVN Division was crucial.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/willbanks/willbanks.asp (17091 words)

	Untitled Document
		The campaign that General Dung planned and directed to give the communists a final victory after 30 years of war was, said Mr Grayson in an influential essay, “a classic masterpiece of manoeuvre warfare”.
		Asked to name the communists' most famous general, many would award the laurel to Vo Nguyen Giap, who is usually credited with defeating the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, sometimes seen as the beginning of the end for western forces in Vietnam.
		General Dung never lost his interest in military affairs and took a spectator's view of the interminable wars that have continued around the world.
	www.veloasia.com /images/angkor/news/van_tien_dung.html (867 words)

	First Indochina War 1945-1954
		General Giap adopts a policy of avoiding all-out confrontation and conforms with Mao Tse-tung's key principal on warfare, "always maintain the nitiative".
		General de Lattre de Tassigny dies of cancer and is succeeded by General Raoul Salan.
		Giap's troops then take out their shovels and begin construction of a maze of tunnels and trenches, slowly inching their way toward the main French position and surrounding it.
	www.ichiban1.org /html/history/bc_1964_prewar/first_indochina_war_1945_1954.htm (3228 words)

	General Vo Nguyen Giap
		Giap planned and directed the military operations against the French that culminated in their defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
		In his book, Giap clearly indicated that NVA troops were without sufficient supplies, and had been continually defeated time and again.
		When it was over, General Giap and the NVA viewed the Tet '68 offensive as a failure, they were on their knees and had prepared to negotiate a surrender.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Camp/7624/Generals/giap.htm (319 words)

	General Giap Meets Overseas Vietnamese Youth - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		General Giap reminded them to remember that even though they live and work in different countries, they are still Vietnamese.
		General Giap is a hero, but is like a grandfather,” said Trinh Phuong Mai, of French Vietnamese decent.
		A brilliant military tactician, General Giap commanded the Viet Minh forces that liberated Vietnam from French colonial rule and as commander of the PAVN of North Vietnam fought the United States and the South Vietnamese, and reunified Vietnam.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=13562&st=0 (953 words)

	'We were waiting for them' \| The Guardian \| Guardian Unlimited
		Vo Nguyen Giap is the Vietnamese general who planned the Ho Chi Minh trail and defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu.
		The teacher turned military genius Vo Nguyen Giap, who celebrated his 95th birthday today, is one of the last connections with the days of Ho Chi Minh and the start of the fight against colonial rule.
		General Giap still lives in the former French colonial villa in the capital, Hanoi, that has been his home for the past 60 years and where key decisions were made throughout the war.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,,1858255,00.html (965 words)

	Learn more about Vietnam War in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In February 1966 there was a meeting between the commander of U.S. forces, General William Westmoreland and Johnson in Honolulu.
		When General Westmoreland called for still more troops to be sent to Vietnam, Clark Clifford, a member of Johnson's own cabinet, came out against the war.
		Unlike previous American wars, soldiers returning from the Vietnam War were generally not treated as heroes, and soldiers were sometimes even condemned for their participation in the war.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /v/vi/vietnam_war.html (5838 words)

	Let’s have more Dien Bien Phu in renovation process: General Giap
		General Vo Nguyen Giap, the Chief Commander of Dien Bien Phu Campaign, urged each person, each branch, each locality, each unit in Vietnam to make greater efforts to create new Dien Bien Phu in national industrialisation and modernisation and stand shoulder to shoulder with the advanced countries of the world.
		Following is the interview granted by General Giap to Nhan Dan Newspaper on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Dien Bien Phu Victory.
		The General continued: Having contemplated with great joy the Victory Monument on Hill D1, I find that this work built in honour of the 50th anniversary of the victory in accordance with the decision of the Party and Government looks so majestic that you can behold it from afar.
	www.nhandan.com.vn /english/news/170504/domestic_dienbienphu.htm (4022 words)

	[general.htmltitle]
		In the past General Giap is also alleged to have made similar statements about Jane Fonda and Walter Cronkite, though there is no evidence that he did.
		General Vo Nguyen Giap was the Vietnamese general who decisively defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu and forced their withdrawal from the country.
		In General Giap's book "How we won the war" Giap refers to the "Anti-war friends" in the US as being instrumental for the cause.
	www.indymedia.org /it/2004/03/851430.shtml (455 words)

	SENIOR GENERAL VO NGUYEN GIAP REMEMBERS Journal of Third World Studies - Find Articles
		General Giap kindly let me interview him and later we corresponded.
		Robert J. O'Neill, an Australian, has given us two books: General Giap: Politician and Strategist and The Strategy of General Giap Since 1964, but their content is similar and they leave many questions unanswered.
		Giap finally gave only the terse explanation that he had already given me enough material and, in any case, the new questions had been "inspired by nonserious, even false and reactionary documents." The honeymoon was over.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200310/ai_n9337860 (855 words)

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