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Topic: General Secretary of the CPSU

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Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee

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	MSN Encarta - Boris Yeltsin
		In November 1976 CPSU General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev made Yeltsin first secretary of the CPSU’s Sverdlovsk Oblast committee, a position that entitled him to a seat on the party’s Central Committee in 1981.
		After Mikhail Gorbachev became the new general secretary in 1985, Yeltsin was one of the first provincial officials to be brought to Moscow as part of Gorbachev’s drive to revitalize the Soviet system.
		General Lebed, who had finished third in June, campaigned on Yeltsin’s behalf and was rewarded with a senior position in his administration; however, the president deposed him several months later after a series of spats.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761562873 (2346 words)

	Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee was a key body within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the central administration of the party as opposed to drafting government policy which was usually handled by the Politburo.
		The General Secretary of the CPSU was the leader of the Secretariat as were two or three other senior members of the Politburo.
		Also in 1922, the position of General Secretary was created, the General Secretary became the head of the Secretariat and, in the years following Lenin's death, became the most important figure in the party and the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secretariat_of_the_CPSU_Central_Committee (667 words)

	Yuri Andropov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов), (June 2 (O.S) = June 15 (N.S), 1914 - February 9, 1984) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU from November 12, 1982 until his death.
		He graduated to the full party in 1939 and was first secretary of the Komsomol in the Karelo-Finnish Republic from 1940 to 1944.
		He was certainly generally regarded as inclined to more gradual reform than was Gorbachev; the bulk of the speculation centres around whether Andropov would have reformed the USSR in a manner which did not result in its eventual destruction.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/y/yu/yuri_andropov.html (525 words)

	Konstantin Chernenko - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Константи́н Усти́нович Черне́нко) (September 24, 1911 – March 10, 1985) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU who led the Soviet Union from February 13, 1984 until his death just thirteen months later.
		Even when he became General Secretary, he continued to sign papers, although thanks to Soviet bureaucracy his signature meant little more than it did in his previous position.
		Border Guard, Party Secretary of Border Guard Unit, Agitprop director in Krasnoyarsk and other regions, Party functionary (apparatchik), Central Committee member and secretary, Politburo member, Supreme Soviet Presidium member, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, General Secretary of the CPSU.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Konstantin_Chernenko (763 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gorbachev joined the CPSU in 1952 at the age of 21.
		Upon the death of Konstantin Chernenko, Mikhail Gorbachev, at age 54, was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party on March 11, 1985.
		However, the reformists led by Boris Yeltsin were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required and were more than happy to contemplate the disintegration of the USSR if that was required to achieve their aims.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Mikhail_Gorbachev (2163 words)

	Glossary * Perestroika: A Marxist Critique [Sam Marcy]
		Gorbachev, Mikhail (1931-): Elected General Secretary of the CPSU March 1985; became President of the USSR in September 1988.
		Pilsudski, Josef (1867-1935): Landowner and general in Poland.
		General Secretary of Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953.
	www.workers.org /marcy/perestroika/glossary.html (2502 words)

	New thinking in arms control - 1986
		Statement by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Moscow, 15 Jan. 1986
		Speech by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee on Soviet Television, Moscow, 14 Oct. 1986
		Statement by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee on Soviet Television, Moscow, 22 Oct. 1986
	projects.sipri.se /SAC/rus286.html (296 words)

	[Leaders' Writings]
		Decisions of the 24th CPSU Congress--a programme of action for the Soviet trade unions; speech by Comrade L. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, at the 15th Congress of the Trade Unions of the USSR, 1972.
		Report of the CPSU Central Committee to the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, delivered by Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, March 30, 1971.
		Visit of Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, to Cuba April 2-5, 1989: documents and materials.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~martin11/leaders.html (7368 words)

	AllRefer.com - Soviet Union [USSR] - Introduction \| Soviet Union or USSR Information Resource
		Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the general secretary of the CPSU and president of the Soviet Union, had endeavored to revitalize the country by reforming the party and the socialist system without radically altering either one.
		When Gorbachev was selected general secretary of the CPSU and head of the Soviet state in 1985, the deterioration of the Soviet socialist system had nearly reached crisis proportions.
		High socio-occupational status was generally accompanied by above- average pay, but more important for the individual, it offered increased access to scarce consumer goods, and even foreign goods, as well as social prestige and other perquisites for the individual and his or her family.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/soviet-union/soviet-union13.html (9775 words)

	Keesing's Worldwide Online - Hot Topics: Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gorbachev resigned on Aug. 24 as the general secretary of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union), a post which only two days earlier he had appeared unwilling to renounce; the party's activities were suspended and its central committee dissolved.
		Mr Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, general secretary of the central committee of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU) since Feb. 13, 1984, Supreme Commander of the Soviet Armed Forces, and President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (i.
		It was officially announced on Nov. 11, 1982, that Mr Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU), a Soviet Marshal and Supreme Commander of the Soviet Armed Forces, and the President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (i.
	www.keesings.com /hot_topics/ussr (1104 words)

	CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: KGB's 1967 Annual Report
		Following the decree of the CC CPSU on this issue, passed on 17 June 1967, a Fifth Directorate was created in the Committee of State Security and fifth bureaus, divisions and departments in territorial branches of the KGB.
		Implementing the instructions of the CC CPSU, the Committee of State Security carried out a set of measures aimed at increasing the struggle with the anti-Soviet activities of the Chinese splitters [raskolniki] and at ensuring the reliable protection of the borders of the USSR with the PRC.
		On the basis of the data obtained by the intelligence services, there were prepared and sent to the CC CPSU 4,260 informational reports, to the CC CPSU departments-4,728, to the Foreign Ministry of the USSR-4,832, to the Ministry of Defense and the GRU [Military Intelligence] of the General Staff of the Soviet Army-4,639.
	edition.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/21/documents/kgb.report (4423 words)

	USSR: Government, Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The position of general secretary of the CPSU, the party's highest office, was created in 1922; it became the most powerful political position in the USSR during the Stalinist period and remained so until 1991.
		Generally, by the 1980s, sanitation and inoculation programs were good and most serious communicable diseases had been essentially eradicated.
		Old-age pensions were given to men at the age of 60 and women at the age of 55, and at even lower ages in some outlying areas of the country, such as remote portions of Siberia and the Soviet Far East.
	members.aol.com /kwiersma/ussr_govern.html (2192 words)

	Yuri Andropov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов), (June 2 (O.S. June 15 (N.S. – February 9, 1984) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU from November 12, 1982 until his death just sixteen months later.
		Andropov was the son of a railway official and was probably born in Nagutskoye, Stavropol Guberniya, Imperial Russia.
		He graduated to the full party in 1939 and was first secretary of the Komsomol in the Soviet Karelo-Finnish Republic from 1940 to 1944.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Yuri_Andropov (878 words)

	Soviet Leader's Temperaments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chairman of KGB 1967-82, General Secretary of the CPSU 1982-84, Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet (Head of State), 1973-84 Member of the Politiburo.
		General Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet (Head of State) 1984-5, full member of the Politiburo 1978-85.
		General Secretary of the Party Central Committee, Chairman of the Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet (Head of State) 1985-91, full member of the Politiburo 1978-85.
	www.keirsey.com /soviet.html (251 words)

	Hungary - Relations with the Soviet Union
		After Gorbachev became general secretary of the CPSU and initiated his reform program, the leadership of each country found in the other an ally for its program of economic and political change.
		Romanov supported "businesslike contacts" with capitalist countries, but he warned that the socialist countries could not "allow the imperialist forces to use economic levers as a means of political pressure and interference in the affairs of socialist states." Romanov advised Hungary not to go too far in increasing trade and cooperation with the West.
		The Twenty-Seventh Party Congress of the CPSU in March 1986 marked the beginning of a steady improvement in relations between Hungary and the Soviet Union.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5906.html (634 words)

	general secretary
		The title of the head of the CPSU Secretariat, who presides over the Politburo and has been the Soviet Union s de facto supreme leader.
		Stalin became general secretary of the Russian Communist Party Bolskevik in 1922 and employed the positions to amass personal powers.
		After Statin s death in 1953, the title was changed to first secretary, which was used by Khrushalea and by Brezhnev until 1966, when the title of general secretary was reinstituted.
	www.cold-war.info /glossary/general-secretary.html (117 words)

	New thinking in arms control - 860115
		All efforts of the CPSU are directed towards ensuring a further improvement of the life of the Soviet people.
		Being aware of this, at the very start of the new year the Political Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee and the Soviet Government have adopted a decision on a number of major foreign policy measures that are of a fundamental nature.
		The course of peace and disarmament will continue to be pivotal in the foreign policy of the CPSU and the Soviet state.
	projects.sipri.se /SAC/860115.html (4410 words)

	Lecture Guide: Khruschchev Succeeds Stalin
		B. Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary of the CPSU
		By 1958, Khrushchev was head of the Soviet government, Premier, and General Secretary of the CPSU.
		Generally relations with the outside world were improved and Soviet prestige rose.
	members.aol.com /gonzen4/lgakhru.htm (359 words)

	Russia - The Foreign Policy Mechanism
		In the Soviet system, the predominant foreign policy actor was the general secretary of the CPSU, who also was the preeminent figure in the party's Politburo (the highest executive body of the government).
		By virtue of this position, the general secretary also was the country's recognized foreign representative.
		Skokov led the council in opposing Yeltsin's attempt to declare a so-called special rule for the executive branch as a means of circumventing an executive-legislative deadlock and forcing legislative elections.
	countrystudies.us /russia/78.htm (2876 words)

	Nikita Khrushchev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was General Secretary of the CPSU Central CommitteeFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964/.
		In 1931 he was transferred to Moscow and in 1935 he became 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee (Moscow Gorkom) of VKP(b).
		In 1938 he became the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Communist Party.
	www.infothis.com /find/Nikita_Khrushchev (1541 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com - Chernenko, Konstantin Ustinovich
		He was a poor choice as General Secretary, as he was suffering from chronic emphysema and was 72 years old at the time of his election.
		When he became General Secretary he still signed papers, this time he thought his signature actually meant that something would happen.
		Chernenko was elected General Secretary, despite his doctor's warning that he was too sick for the job.
	www.soviet-empire.com /ussr/ussr_leaders/chernenko.php (1507 words)

	Gorbachev, Mikhail
		March 2, 1931, Privolye, Stavropol kray, Russia, U.S.S.R.), Soviet official, the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1985 to 1991 and president of the Soviet Union in 1990-91.
		Gorbachev was named a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1971, and he was appointed a party secretary of agriculture in 1978.
		Over the course of Yury Andropov's 15-month tenure (1982-84) as general secretary of the Communist Party, Gorbachev became one of the Politburo's most highly active and visible members; and, after Andropov died and Konstantin Chernenko became general secretary in February 1984, Gorbachev became a likely successor to the latter.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/240_44.html (1428 words)

	Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Speech by the General Secretary of the BCP (Todor Zhivkov) 2 3
		Speech by the General Secretary of the PCR (Nicolae Ceauşescu) 2 3 4
		Speech by the General Secretary of the KSČ (Miloš Jakeš) 2 3 4 5
	www.ethz.isn.ch /php/documents/collection_3/PCC_meetings/coll_3_PCC_1989.htm (372 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mikhail Gorbachev was born into a peasant family on March 2, 1931, in the village of Privolnoye near Stavropol.
		His positions within the CPSU created more opportunities to travel abroad that would profoundly affect his political and social views in the future as leader of the country.
		As the de facto ruler of the Soviet Union, he tried to reform the stagnating Communist Party rule and the state economy by introducing glasnost ("openness"), perestroika ("restructuring") and uskorenie ("acceleration", of economic development) which were launched at the 27th Congress of the CPSU in February 1986.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Mikhail_Gorbachev (1678 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		His attempts at reform led to the end of the Cold War, but also caused the end of the political supremacy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
		Gorbachev's goal in undertaking glasnost was to pressure conservatives within the CPSU who opposed his policies of economic restructuring, and he also hoped that through different ranges of openness, debate and participation, the Soviet people would support his reform initiatives.
		However, the more radical reformists, such as Russian SFSR President Boris Yeltsin, were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required and were more than happy to contemplate the disintegration of the USSR if that was required to achieve their aims.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Mikhail_Gorbachev (2351 words)

	Information on Zhivkov-Gorbachev Meeting, 23.6.1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		of Meeting between the General Secretary of the BCP (Zhivkov) and the General Secretary of the CPSU (Gorbachev), 23.6.89
		Todor Zhivkov – Secretary General of CC BCP and Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and Com.
		Mikhail Gorbachev –Secretary General of CC CPSU and Chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet
	www.isn.ethz.ch /php/documents/collection_2/docs/890623.htm (543 words)

	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -> The Gorbachev Era on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An Andropov protege, Mikhail Gorbachev, became general secretary of the CPSU in Mar., 1985.
		The CPSU held its first conference in 50 years in 1988, further denouncing Stalin and his policies.
		The general commissioner, TSISTSINE, member of the Academy, saw it as a permanent element in the aims of educat (PAR57096)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/UnionSov_TheGorbachevEra.asp (1031 words)

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