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Topic: General Tikka Khan and East Pakistan

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	DAWN - Cowasjee Corner; 17 September, 2000
		In his statement before the Commission, Admiral Ahsan, the former governor of East Pakistan, aptly described the hostile mood of the military leadership when they decided to postpone the assembly session and launch a military operation in the eastern province.
		For his failure to disarm the East Pakistan Rifles and arrest the military brainpower, Tikka was removed from the command of Eastern Command.
		Tikka's biggest fault was his inability to launch a counter-offensive from the Western Theatre, which ultimately cost us the war.
	www.dawn.com /weekly/cowas/20000917.htm (1273 words)

	West Pakistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The province of West Pakistan was created in 14th October 1955 by the merger of the provinces, states and tribal areas of the western wing.
		The province of East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dhaka.
		General elections held in December 1970 saw the Awami League under Mujibur Rahman win an overall majority of seats in parliament (all but two of the 162 seats allocated to East Pakistan).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/West_Pakistan (652 words)

	Tikka Khan Information
		General Tikka Khan was at the Sialkot front during the 1965 India-Pakistan war, and successfully defended the city from an Indian attack, during the epic Battle of Chawinda, halting and then pushing back the Indians.
		General Tikka was the corps commander of Lahore during the late 1960s, during which time he earned a reputation of being a tough administrator and strict disciplinarian.
		General Tikka Khan was appointed the Governor of Pakistan’s largest province, the Punjab, in December 1988.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Tikka_Khan (1513 words)

	Pakistan Yahya Khan and Bangladesh
		General elections for the National Assembly were set for October 5, 1970, but were postponed to December as the result of a severe cyclone that hit the coast of East Pakistan.
		Yahya Khan also determined that the parity of representation in the National Assembly between the East Wing and the West Wing that had existed under the 1956 and 1962 constitutions would end and that representation would be based on population.
		Mujib, Bhutto, and Yahya Khan held negotiations in Dhaka in late March in a last-ditch attempt to defuse the growing crisis; simultaneously, General Tikka Khan, who commanded the Pakistani forces in East Pakistan, prepared a contingency plan for a military takeover and called for troop reinforcements to be flown in via Sri Lanka.
	www.country-studies.com /pakistan/yahya-khan-and-bangladesh.html (1339 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pakistan - Yahya Khan And Bangladesh \| Pakistani Information Resource
		General elections for the National Assembly were set for October 5, 1970, but were postponed to December as the result of a severe cyclone that hit the coast of East Pakistan.
		Yahya Khan also determined that the parity of representation in the National Assembly between the East Wing and the West Wing that had existed under the 1956 and 1962 constitutions would end and that representation would be based on population.
		Mujib, Bhutto, and Yahya Khan held negotiations in Dhaka in late March in a last-ditch attempt to defuse the growing crisis; simultaneously, General Tikka Khan, who commanded the Pakistani forces in East Pakistan, prepared a contingency plan for a military takeover and called for troop reinforcements to be flown in via Sri Lanka.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/pakistan/pakistan28.html (1502 words)

	Pakistan
		Pakistan was later the entryway for the migrating pastoral tribes known as Indo-Aryans, or simply Aryans, who brought with them and developed the rudiments of the religio-philosophical system of what later evolved into Hinduism.
		In general, the uprising was a reaction to British expansionism and the outcome of the policies of modernization and annexation of Governor General Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), especially in Oudh (Avadh, now part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh) in 1856.
		In the East Wing, the landholding ceiling was raised from thirty-three hectares to forty-eight hectares.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/pakistan/all.html (18162 words)

	Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan killer file
		Under the Act Pakistan is to be comprised of a West Wing and an East Wing focused on the Muslim population centres of the Punjab (West Pakistan) and Bengal (East Pakistan) on either side of India.
		Pakistan is declared a republic and the National Assembly is established as the federal legislature, with sessions to be held alternately in Dhaka and Islamabad.
		However, Yahya Khan makes a commitment to the return of government under a redrafted constitution and agrees that representation in the Assembly should be determined by population distribution, ensuring that the majority of seats will be based in the East.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/yahya.html (4736 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion - MINU-NDTV-BUGTI.
		A few clashes took place, until Brigadier Tikka Khan (later General), who came to be known as the Butcher of Balochistan and Bengal, negotiated the return of Nauroz with the Quran as the guarantor of no ill treatment and settlement of the grievances of the Baloch.
		Tikka issued a directive to the troops, based on the mission spelled out to him; this included: disarming of the East Bengal Regiment, battalions of the East Pakistan Rifles, and the police; security of Chittagong naval base; control of airfields including Lal Munir Hut and Ishurdi; security of towns.
		General Tikka, instead of carrying out the tasks given to him, i.e., to disarm armed Bengali units and persons and to take into custody the Bengali leaders, resorted to the killing of civilians and a scorched?earth policy.
	forum.atimes.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=8668 (7742 words)

	Gendercide Watch: Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971
		The mass killings in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) in 1971 vie with the annihilation of the Soviet POWs, the holocaust against the Jews, and the genocide in Rwanda as the most concentrated act of genocide in the twentieth century.
		East and West Pakistan were forged in the cauldron of independence for the Indian sub-continent, ruled for two hundred years by the British.
		Said Pakistan General Niazi, 'It was a low lying land of low lying people.' The Hindus among the Bengalis were as Jews to the Nazis: scum and vermin that [should] best be exterminated.
	www.gendercide.org /case_bangladesh.html (2906 words)

	Pakistan Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pakistani Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Military of Pakistan, and is responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations.
		Pakistan, today has a 45 day reserve of ammunition and fuel as compared to only 13 days in 1965 and has fairly effective and efficient lines of communication and can fully mobilize its formations in less than 96 hours owing to the lack of depth in the country's North South axis.
		About 320 men enter the army annually through the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul in Abbottabad in the North West Frontier Province; a small number--especially physicians and technical specialists--are directly recruited, and these persons are part of the heart of the officer corps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pakistan_Army (2893 words)

	India History,Pakistan Kashmir Issues,Indian Cricket,Politics,Current Affairs,Glorious Future
		Pakistan was originally made up of two distinct and geographically unconnected parts termed West and East Pakistan.
		East Pakistan, on the other hand, was much more homogeneous and had an overwhelming Bengali-speaking population.
		Pakistan was suggesting that should India continue with its plans it should expect total war as in 1965.
	indiannagrik.blogspot.com (3212 words)

	Dear Mukto
		Tikka Khan was transferred from West Pakistan to Dhaka for one purpose during the tumultuous days of our liberation struggle.
		Tikka Khan had earned in less than six months while he was the military governor of erstwhile East Pakistan was enough to make him a marked man in the eyes of our Mukti Bahini soldiers.
		It is doubtful that Tikka Khan could not have moved to Pakistan in once piece had he remained in occupied Bangladesh until the fag end of the war.
	humanists.net /avijit/26th_march/no_eulogy_tikka.htm (857 words)

	Pakistan and history’s black jester by Khalid Hasan
		In 1971, he noted, Major General Shaukat Riza, one of the finest officers to serve in the Pakistan army, vehemently disagreed with both the military strategy adopted and the policy of excessive use of force against East Pakistan’s civilian population.
		General Tikka Khan was fully involved in the use of military force in East Pakistan, though the Report remained silent about his role.
		The army’s General Headquarters (GHQ) had given strict orders that nothing was to be done beyond this; all the requests of local commanders to be allowed to exploit the success of the initial attacks were firmly rejected.
	www.thefridaytimes.com /10082007/page9.shtml (976 words)

	Tags - general musharrf \| faithCommons.org
		Finally this led to the inevitable disintegration of Pakistan and birth of Bangladesh, another Muslim nation not before General Tikka Khan, the military governor of East Pakistan committed grave crimes and murders on the Bengali population and killing of intellectuals as an act of repression.
		General Yahya Khan (1969-1971) succeeded Ayub Khan and his bad handling of situation after general elections resulted in 1971 war with India and consequent liberation of East Pakistan that was named Bangladesh (2).
		East Pakistan had Bengali Muslims more akin to Hindus in color and build while West was dominated by Pathans, Punjabi, Pushtu, Baluchi and Sindhi Mussalamans who harbored feelings of racial superiority by virtue of their color and physical build apart from Arab, Persian, Afghan and Turani origin.
	faithcommons.org /panels_by_term/18/15163 (1184 words)

	The Betrayal of East Pakistan (by Ahmad Faruqui) - Media Monitors Network
		General Niazi requires an unusual amount of gullibility from his readers when he states that he was forced to surrender by his Commander-in-Chief.
		General Niazi excoriates General Yahya and the GHQ for waging a lack lustre campaign on the Western front, where they had a near parity of forces with India and could choose the time and place of attack.
		If this were done, I and my generals would be shown to be among the most successful generals of this century.” By prejudging the outcome of such a computer simulation, he erodes the credibility of this useful suggestion.
	www.mediamonitors.net /ahmadfaruqui1.html (2751 words)

	1971 India-Pakistan War
		In the Pakistani general elections held in 1970, the Sheikh's party won the majority of seats, securing a complete majority in East Pakistan.
		But West Pakistan's ruling elite were so dismayed by the turn of events and by the Sheikh's demands for autonomy that instead of allowing him to rule East Pakistan, they put him in jail.
		In the West, General Yahya Khan, who had appointed himself President in 1969, had given the job of pacifying East Pakistan to his junior, General Tikka Khan.
	www.geocities.com /mayank1971/reasons.html (670 words)

	TIGblogs - vas
		In charge of Pakistan's Eastern Command, General Niazi was blamed for the defeat and was removed from the army in 1975.
		I agree with the general public's demand that those responsible for the East Pakistan crisis, especially the uniformed ones, should have been punished.
		After my return to Pakistan from Indian captivity in 1974, while preparing my report on the East Pakistan debacle, I heard persistent hints from GHQ sources that the Eastern Command had been sacrificed according to a detailed plan, and that its senior commanders were made the scapegoats for the loss of East Pakistan.
	vas21.tigblog.org /post/81669 (1693 words)

	rediff.com: 'Butcher of Bangladesh' Tikka Khan dead
		General Tikka Khan, former chief of the Pakistani Army and once known as the 'Butcher of Bangladesh' for carrying out a vicious crackdown in Dhaka in 1971 to quell the Bangladeshi liberation movement, died in Rawalpindi after a protracted illness.
		Gen Khan was appointed chief martial law administrator of East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, by the country's military ruler, Gen Yahya Khan, who had ordered a crackdown on the liberation movement led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
		After East Pakistan seceded and Bangladesh was established in 1971, then prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto promoted Khan to the rank of general and made him chief of army staff on March 3, 1972, replacing Gen Gul Hasan.
	www.rediff.com /news/2002/mar/30pak.htm (437 words)

	:I:. O V I C .:I: Probase o Bangladesh... all about NRB >>> Bangla Web Shahitto Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pakistan's President Prevez Mosharraf does not apologize for Pakistan's war crimes from Bangladesh but he inaugurated an international conference in Pakistan on Dec. 18, 2006 to mark the centenary of the All India Muslim league's centenary celebration.
		Yahya Khan was pretending to hold during this period with Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on the one hand and political leaders from West Pakistan on the other.
		General Abdul Hamid Khan, Chief of Army staff (CAS), was one of the sinister conspiracy architects of Bangladesh Genocide.
	www.ovic.net /SB1.htm (1455 words)

	FORGOTTEN HEROES
		In the 1960s, economic disparities between East and West increased, and the idea that Pakistan consisted of two economies and two polities arose among East Pakistan intellectuals, who formed an expansive, influential circle for the interaction of the two visions of independence.
		The Awami League won 288 of the 300 seats in the East Pakistan legislature and 167 of the 300 seats in the National Assembly.
		In the 1970 elections, East Pakistan voters again declared independence in the context of the military dictatorship by endorsing the vision of parliamentary federalism.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~dludden/LuddenFrontlineHeroes.htm (4685 words)

	India - Pakistan War, 1971; Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To the rules in Islamabad, East Pakistan was a colony that was milked to the extension that per capita income in the west exceeded that in East Pakistan.
		The provincial elections of 1954 in East Pakistan saw candidates of the establishment decisively defeated, and the subsequent democratic government was quickly suppressed by the military authorities.
		Operations in East Pakistan were to be undertaken in such manner as to conserve the PAF force as long as possible.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_326.shtml (13227 words)

	1971
		While the Pakistan Army claims to have established firm control over East Pakistan, forcing the Mukti Bahini back to their bases in India, a huge number of terrified East Pakistani civilians are also reported to have escaped across the border.
		Meanwhile, the Indian government is beginning to see the East Pakistan crisis as its own concern, because of the enormous cost of dealing with Bengali refugees.
		With the entire army of Pakistan posted in East Pakistan now in the custody of Indian troops, what was formerly East Pakistan now stands as an estranged country.
	pakistanspace.tripod.com /71.htm (1427 words)

	General Treaty for the Renunciation of War - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about General Treaty for the Renunciation ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Agreement negotiated in 1928 between the USA and France to renounce war and seek settlement of disputes by peaceful means.
		Some successes were achieved in settling South American disputes, but the pact made no provision for measures against aggressors and became ineffective in the 1930s, with Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Ethiopia, and Hitler in central Europe.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /General+Treaty+for+the+Renunciation+of+War (174 words)

	1971 India-Pakistan War: The Surrender
		General Tikka Khan after killing a few million East Pakistanis had fled to Rawalpindi, leaving a professional soldier Lt. General A.A.K. Niazi in charge.
		As Dr. Malek, the puppet Governor of the then East Pakistan, along with his cabinet and high officials were in session, the MiGs came screaming down and accurately fired salvos of rockets into the Darbar Hall.
		The East Pakistan campaign would always be remembered as a model in innovation and would serve to inspire generations of soldiers of the future.
	www.subcontinent.com /1971war/surrender.html (658 words)

	1971 India-Pakistan War: Origins of the Crisis
		Pakistan, which officially came into existence a day earlier, was based on the premise that Hindus and Muslims of the Subcontinent constitute two different nationalities and cannot co-exist.
		Pakistan was originally made up of two distinct and geographically unconnected parts termed West and East Pakistan.
		But West Pakistan's ruling elite were so dismayed by the turn of events and by the Sheikh's demands for autonomy that instead of allowing him to rule East Pakistan, they put him in jail.
	www.freeindia.org /1971war/origins.html (884 words)

	War Criminals
		On 11 April 1971, Yahya appointed his loyal general Tikka Khan as the Governor General and the Chief Martial Law administrator of Bangladesh and as such he was the highest authority on both civil and military administrations.
		General AAK Niazi (PA-477) was the chief of Eastern Command in 1971.
		Major General Rao Forman Ali (PA-1364) was the chief adviser to the Governer of East Pakistan during the liberation war.
	www.muktadhara.net /page36.html (3691 words)

	Fall of Dhaka 1971 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The East Pakistanis reacted violently to the postponement and the immediate results were the violent demonstrations and disturbances in Dacca.
		On the 23rd March 1971, General Yahya summoned a conference of the leaders at Dacca for the 10th.
		On the 28th June 1971, General Yahya made a broad cast to the nation again in which he spoke with sorrow of the recent happenings and emphasized once again that his aim had been to restore democracy in the country.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /contribute.asp?artid=C028&Pg=8 (682 words)

	[No title]
		East Pakistanis noticed that whenever one of them, such as Khawaja Nazimuddin, Muhammad Ali Bogra, or Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy were elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, they were swiftly deposed by the largely West Pakistani establishment.
		As the conflict between East and West Pakistan developed in March, the Dhaka offices of the two government organisations directly involved in relief efforts were closed for at least two weeks, first by a general strike and then by a ban on government work in East Pakistan by the Awami League.
		Pakistan was a close ally of the People\'s Republic of China, with whom Nixon had been negotiating a rapprochement and where he intended to visit in February 1972.
	www.orissain.com /wiki-Bangladesh_Liberation_War (6256 words)

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