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Topic: General adaptation syndrome

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Hans Selye

Stress (medicine)

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	Stress an Overview
		He later observed a set of three common responses that occurred whenever any organism was injected with a toxic substance: (1) the adrenal glands enlarged, (2) the lymph nodes and other white blood cell producing organs swelled at first then shrank, and (3) bleeding appeared in the stomach and intestines.
		General Adaptation Syndrome and proposed that certain changes take place within the body during stress that disrupt normal physiologic mechanisms and trigger an array of diseases.
		The General Adaptation Syndrome is thought to be the main reason why stress is such an abundant source of health problems.
	www.eapcism.com /Starttrainingstress.asp (860 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome
		In the second stage of the stress reaction, adaptation, the pituitary stops that large secretion of hormones and the effects of the alarm phase lessen.
		Adaptation energy, according to Seyle cannot be gained; its amount is determined by birth and the best we can do about it, is to use it efficiently so that minimum adaptation energy be lost "per stressful event".
		Correct interpretation of the term adaptation energy is hard because adaptation energy refers to something not tangible but to something, which is the effect of a process, something which should exist because statistical data suggests so.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0123421/gas.htm (1441 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome \| Caremark Health Resources
		General adaptation syndrome describes the body's short-term and long-term reaction to stress.
		The first stage of the general adaptation stage, the alarm reaction, is the immediate reaction to a stressor.
		Generally, this means the immune system, and the body's ability to resist disease, may be almost totally eliminated.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic103548819 (605 words)

	Stress Treatment ~ Traditional Oriental Medicine from European Point of View
		Stress (roughly the opposite of relaxation) is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first described in 1936 by Hans Selye in the journal Nature.
		Neurochemistry and physiology of the general adaptation syndrome
		The general neurochemistry of the general adaptation syndrome is now believed to be well understood, although much remains to be discovered about how this system interacts with others in the brain and elsewhere in the body.
	www.soothe.ca /stress.htm (619 words)

	General adaptation syndrome
		General adaptation syndrome, or GAS, is a term used to describe the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress.
		The general adaptation syndrome is also influenced by such universal human variables as overall health and nutritional status, sex, age, ethnic or racial background, level of education, socioeconomic status (SES), genetic makeup, etc. Some of these variables are biologically based and difficult or impossible to change.
		In general, persons wishing to improve their management of stress should begin by consulting a medical professional with whom they feel comfortable to discuss which option, or combination of options, they can use.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/general_adaptation_syndrome.jsp (1407 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome Information on Healthline
		General adaptation syndrome describes the body's short-term and long-term reaction to stress.
		The first stage of the general adaptation stage, the alarm reaction, is the immediate reaction to a stressor.
		Generally, this means the immune system, and the body's ability to resist disease, may be almost totally eliminated.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/general-adaptation-syndrome (652 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		General adaptation syndrome describes the body's short-term and long-term reaction to stress.
		Originally described by Hans De Solye in the 1920s, the general adaptation syndrome describes a three stage reaction to stress.
		The first stage of the general adaptation stage, the alarm reaction, is the immediate reaction to a stressor.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/general-adaptation-syndrome (142 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		a syndrome consisting of a pathological pupil reaction (tonic pupil), the most important element of which is a myotonic condition on accommodation; the pupil on the affected side contracts on near vision more slowly than does the pupil on the opposite side, and it also dilates more slowly.
		a general term for the group of syndromes in which inappropriate masculinization or feminization, sometimes with precocious puberty, results from disorders of adrenal function that also affect gonadal steroidogenesis; it includes congenital adrenal hyperplasia and tumors of the adrenal cortex.
		a syndrome consisting of ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, contralateral hyperkinesia, contralateral tremor and paresis of the arm and leg, and ipsilateral ataxia; caused by lesions that damage the third nerve and involve the nucleus ruber and corticospinal tract.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_s_32zPzhtm (4499 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome \| AHealthyMe.com
		Generally, this means the immune system, and the body's ability to resist disease, may be almost totally eliminated.
		Stress is the cause of general adaptation syndrome and it can manifest as fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty sleeping.
		Huethner, G. "The central adaptation syndrome: Psychosocial stress as a trigger for adaptive modifications of brain structure and brain function." Progress in Neurobiology 48 (1996): 569-612.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic103548819 (648 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - David Robson - The Importance Of Regular Exercise: How The Body Adapts.
		To achieve the beneficial adaptation of increased stroke volume, and strength and size of the heart, it is recommended that one train at 60 to 90 percent of their maximal heart rate.
		The main muscular adaptation, resulting from strength training, is the increase in fast-twitch muscle fibers (dense muscle fibers with greater contractile abilities), while the aforementioned aerobic training helps to establish the slow-twitch variety (fibers with a larger percentage of mitochondria, which are more resistant to fatigue).
		Adaptation was explained in elegant detail by famous Viennese physician and endocrinologist Hans Selye, in his monumental 1946 paper The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/drobson87.htm (2849 words)

	Stress (psychology) - MSN Encarta
		Generally, the greater their exposure is to hassles, the worse is their mood.
		He found that the different stressors all produced a similar response: enlargement of the adrenal glands, shrinkage of the thymus gland (a gland involved in the immune response), and bleeding stomach ulcers.
		The alarm stage is a generalized state of arousal during the body’s initial response to the stressor.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572052_2/Stress_(psychology).html (1264 words)

	stressandeye
		It is proposed that refractive errors are outcomes of the physiology of the General Adaptation Syndrome with its consequences on the organism --
		Adaptation functions to counteract and minimize the effects of stress, enabling the organism to perform as efficiently as possible.3 In the same vein, the ametropias serve the organism's need for survival and conservation of energy in the visual system.
		The current clinical trend in general optometry and ophthalmology is to reduce the visual analytical role of the clinician, even delegating refraction and minimizing visual analysis and virtually ignoring visual therapy.
	www.nb.net /~sparrow/stressandeye.html (6569 words)

	Nature of Stress, Hans Selye (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Curiously, glucocorticoids are needed for the acquisition of adaptation primarily during the alarm reaction, but not so much to maintain the adjustment during the stage of resistance.
		In general, the hormonal responses outlined above aid adaptation to environmental change or stimuli; but they are sometimes the cause of disease, especially if the state of stress is prolonged or intense.
		The term "adaptation energy" has been coined for that which is consumed during continued adaptive work, to indicate that it is something different from the caloric energy we receive from food; but this is only a name, and even now we still have no precise concept of what this energy might be.
	www.icnr.com /articles/thenatureofstress.html (5092 words)

	Psych 200 Unit 10 Glossary
		EXHAUSTION -- the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which the person is no longer able to endure stress.
		GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME -- the sequence of physiological reactions produced by protracted periods of stress; consists of three stages: the alarm reaction, resistance to stress, and exhaustion.
		STIMULUS GENERALIZATION -- the tendency of an organism that has learned to associate a stimulus with a certain kind of behavior to display this behavior toward stimuli that are similar though not exactly identical to the original stimulus.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~psych200/unit10/10gloss.htm (571 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome: Hans Selye’s Stress Model \| StrongLifts.com
		His research lead in 1936 to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), a model of stress.
		Understanding Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome is key to understanding how exercise affects your body.
		The General Adaptation Syndrome is a theory that can be used for all human responses to stress.
	stronglifts.com /general-adaptation-syndrome-hans-selyes-stress-model (407 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome \| Principal Health News
		Stage 2 might also be named the stage of adaptation, instead of the stage of resistance.
		Generally, this means the immune system, and the body's ability to resist disease, may be almost totally eliminated.
		Stress is the cause of general adaptation syndrome and it can manifest as fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty sleeping.
	www.principalhealthnews.com /topic/topic103548819 (619 words)

	Stress - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki
		Stress (roughly the opposite of relaxation) is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first described in 1936 by Hans Selye in the journal Nature.
		Serenity is defined as a state in which an individual is disposition-free or largely free from the negative effects of stress, and in some cultures it is considered a state that can be cultivated by various practices, such as meditation, and other forms of training.
		The general neurochemistry of the general adaptation syndrome is now believed to be well understood, although much remains to be discovered about how this system interacts with others in the brain and elsewhere in the body.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Stress (1228 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome
		The three-stage response to stress is called the general adaptation syndrome.
		The phases of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
		In the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the physical and psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted.
	www.angelfire.com /la2/stress/general.html (453 words)

	Aging research; molecular concepts of aging, related diseases and cloning.
		In general population, many protective immune responses are impaired in old age, leading to an increased risk of infection.
		In 1989 a general theory was proposed that suggested that ageing is indirectly controlled by a network of cellular and molecular defense mechanisms, including heat shock proteins, DNA repair mechanisms, apoptosis, and - at a more integrated level - the immune and the neuroendocrine systems (the network theory of ageing).
		There is generally a positive correlation between brain/body size ratio and lifespan, particularly among mammals, suggesting a role for the brain in determining lifespan.
	www.innovitaresearch.org /news_general.html (9428 words)

	General Adaptation Syndrome in CFS/ME - The School of Natural Health Sciences Reading Room
		Theories abound about the causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, (also known as ME) from infectious agents to environmental chemicals to psychological disturbance, there is no general agreement about what causes the vast array of symptoms C.F.S. sufferers report.
		CFS is also sometimes referred to as chronic fatigue immune system dysfunction syndrome as some studies have found many irregularities of the immune system in which some components seem to be over reactive whilst others have impaired function.
		Selye describes the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) as the process in which we adapt to different stressors.
	www.naturalhealthcourses.com /Reading_Room/ChronicFatigueSyndrome.htm (3000 words)

	Nutrition & Health OnLine Magazine
		The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is the "adaptation phase".
		The adaptation phase is characterized by muscle growth, structural changes, psychological adjustments and an overall improvement in performance.
		The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome is "overtraining." If you're training exceeds the ability of your body to recover then you will become overtrained.
	www.nhomag.com /99_v1_n1_5.asp (1885 words)

	GAS/Eu-Dis/YDL Reading (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With all this information about adaptation now clearly in mind, let us review Selye's (1946) definition of stress: "Stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it to adapt, whether that demand produces pleasure or pain." Since stress is an adaptation response, we equate it with the general adaptation syndrome.
		This maladaptive stimulation of the fight or flight response represents the first phase of Selye's general adaptation syndrome, a long-term physiological response pattern that we equate with the concept of stress.
		The end result of the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome is exhaustion and breakdown of one or more organ systems.
	home.earthlink.net /~griesinger/rgas.htm (2756 words)

	case2
		The General Adaptation Syndrome CAL package introduces the short term and long term physiological effects of stress.
		The package is aimed at students of midwifery principally, but it can also be used by general medical students: the first screen prompts the user to select their student type, and based on this choice s/he is presented with tailored content (midwife students receive more information specific to midwifery).
		The General Adaptation Syndrome CAL package represents approximately 1 hour of self-study, and the product itself took approximately 1 month to develop from scratch (the work was spread over 6 months).
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /is/services/e-learning/case-studies/case2.phtml (301 words)

	Psych 200 Unit 10 Module 4
		The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the stage of resistance.
		Selye's general adaptation syndrome is useful in describing what happens to the organism in response to stress of a psychological origin.
		Selye's animals who were in the "resistance" stage of the general adaptation syndrome quickly died when they were submitted to yet another kind of stress.
	online.sfsu.edu /~psych200/unit10/104.htm (1523 words)

	Early contributions of Russian stress and exercise physiologists -- Viru 92 (4): 1378 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		adaptation; exercise biochemistry; exercise physiology; general adaptation syndrome
		The theory of Hans Selye on the general adaptation syndrome was among the forbidden research themes.
		In 1962, Anokhin published a profound analysis of adaptation processes and their relationships to homeostasis (3).
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/4/1378 (2673 words)

	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Holistic Medicine
		CFS, The Adrenal Gland and the General Adaptation Syndrome
		This stage is the one in which adaptation occurs and, according to Selye (5), "is characterised by an increased resistance to the particular agent to which the body is exposed and a decreased resistance to other types of stress".
		Especially since it is generally accepted that CFS (which is often referred to as "Post-viral Syndrome") is caused or triggered by viral infections such as influenza or glandular fever, the whole debate about exercise does seem rather irrelevant.
	www.holistichealthtopics.com /HMG/cfs.html (9985 words)

	Timmons & Hamilton: Drugs, Brains & Behavior -- Ch 4
		In general, there is a rapid mobilization of bodily resources to increase both the vigor and the intensity of the organism's response to the aversive situation.
		Selye (cf., 1956) outlined a three-stage progression of responses to stress that he termed the General Adaptation Syndrome: Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion.
		General depressants (e.g., barbiturates) or stimulants (e.g., amphetamine or caffeine) of the central nervous system may alter the punished responding, but only in dosages that have a comparable influence on the food rewarded portion of the schedule.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~lwh/drugs/chap04.htm (11736 words)

	Nervous breakdown causes
		A more accurate term would be the "exhaustion phase of the general adaption syndrome," but obviously that is quite a mouthful.
		These instances are the "resistance" phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
		Generally though, anxiety disorder after seem to involve GABA receptors, depressive disorders involve adrenergic/serotinergic systems and the psychotic disorders (ie schizophrenia) involve dopaminergic systems.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /newton/askasci/1993/biology/bio032.htm (781 words)

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