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Topic: General anesthesia

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General anaesthesia

General anaesthetic

Airway management

Local anesthesia

Regional anesthesia

Desflurane

Anesthesia

Epidural anesthesia

Inhalation anaesthetics

Intubation

Enflurane

Volatile anaesthetics

Horace Wells

Opioid analgesic

Narcotic

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	Risks of General Anesthesia - Liposuction.com
		Local Anesthesia is defined as the infiltration of local anesthesia directly into the tissues targeted for surgery, with or without outpatient oral medication for analgesia, sedation, or to reduce anxiety.
		Systemic Anesthesia is defined as any anesthetic technique, with or without local anesthesia, that has a significant risk and potential for impairing the protective airway reflexes or for suppression of the respiratory drive.
		General anesthesia and IV sedation-analgesia are similar in terms of both risks and requirements for monitoring patients.
	www.liposuction.com /safety/risks_general.php (920 words)

	General anaesthesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2): The placement of this device (usually on one of the fingers) allows for early detection of a fall in a patient's hemoglobin percent saturation of oxygen which warns the anaesthesia provider when the patient is hypoxemic, low blood levels of oxygen.
		General anaesthetic can be given by injection, or inhaled by mask, or by both.
		With the loss of consciousness caused by general anesthesia, there is loss of protective airway reflexes, such as coughing, loss of airway patency and sometimes loss of a regular breathing pattern due to the effect of anesthetics, opioids, or muscle relaxants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_anaesthesia (1131 words)

	Anesthesia article - Anesthesia BE pain sensations surgery general anesthesia consciousness - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations.
		regional anesthesia — with reversible loss of sensation and possibly movement in a region of the body by selective blockade of sections of the spinal cord or nerves supplying the region.
		On the 16th of October 1846, another dentist, William Thomas Green Morton, invited to the Massachusetts General Hospital, performed the first public demonstration of sulfuric ether as an anesthetic agent, for a patient undergoing an excision of a tumour from his neck.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Anesthesia (907 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Anesthesia, general
		General anesthesia is the induction of a state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation over the entire body, through the administration of anesthetic drugs.
		General anesthetics may be gases or volatile liquids that evaporate and are inhaled along with oxygen.
		General anesthesia is much safer today than it was in the past, thanks to faster-acting anesthetics, improved safety standards in the equipment used to deliver the drugs, and better devices to monitor breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity during surgery.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0000/ai_2601000071 (1006 words)

	ADA.org: The Use of Conscious Sedation, Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia in Dentistry
		The knowledge and skills required for the administration of deep sedation and general anesthesia are beyond the scope of predoctoral and continuing education.
		The objective of educating dentists to utilize conscious sedation, deep sedation and general anesthesia is to enhance their ability to provide oral health care.
		States introducing regulation of conscious sedation, deep sedation and/or general anesthesia may elect to identify a period of time during which practitioners without the specified educational qualifications may apply and be evaluated for the use of these modalities.
	www.ada.org /prof/resources/positions/statements/useof.asp (1257 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		anesthesia which acts as a basis for further and deeper anesthesia; a state of narcosis produced by preliminary medication so profound that the added inhalation anesthetic necessary to produce surgical anesthesia is greatly reduced.
		inhalation anesthesia maintained by the continuous rebreathing of a relatively small amount of anesthetic gas and a basal amount of oxygen, normally used with an absorption apparatus for the removal of carbon dioxide.
		general inhalation anesthesia administered by use of a partially open circuit; there is partial rebreathing of the exhaled gases without a carbon dioxide absorber in the circuit.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_38zPzhtm (2410 words)

	Anesthesia, general
		Agents used for general anesthesia may be either gases or volatile liquids that are vaporized and inhaled with oxygen, or drugs delivered intravenously.
		A combination of inhaled anesthetic gases and intravenous drugs are usually delivered during general anesthesia; this practice is called balanced anesthesia and is used because it takes advantage of the beneficial effects of each anesthetic agent to reach surgical anesthesia.
		General anesthetics are usually inhaled through a mask or a breathing tube or injected into a vein, but are also sometimes given rectally.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/anesthesia_general.jsp (2489 words)

	GENERAL ANESTHESIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The anesthesia medicine may be given in your IV, through a face mask, or through a tube in your nose or throat.
		The type of anesthesia you may have depends on the type of surgery or procedure you are having.
		General anesthesia can be used for most kinds of surgeries or procedures.
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd6021g.htm (956 words)

	General Anesthesia Services, Inc - Charleston, West Virginia
		General anesthesia, regional anesthesia, local anesthesia, or a combination of these techniques may be chosen.
		When you receive regional anesthesia, you may be awake and aware, or you may receive medication that will make you drowsy or even keep you in a light sleep and unaware of the activity around you.
		It is important to remember that the all-important goals in anesthesia for childbirth are the well being of the child and the safety and comfort of the mother.
	www.gaswv.com /faq.htm (1942 words)

	Dental Aesthetics Munich: Anesthesia
		The possibility to have general The possibility to have general anesthesia instead of local anesthesia is the most important point to start the treatment for phobic patients.
		The risk of general anesthesia for the patient is in modern general anesthesia almost as low as it is in local anesthesia.
		General anesthesia is administered by a team of specialized anesthetists.
	www.dental-aesthetics-munich.com /anesthesia/anesthesia.html (211 words)

	Research Activities, April 2000: Clinical Decisionmaking: General anesthesia is as effective and may be better than ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Patients enrolled in the study were given either spinal anesthesia (430 patients using lidocaine, bupivacaine, or tetracaine) or general anesthesia (311 patients using induction agents, benzodiazepines, narcotics, and other medications) for hip fracture repair.
		The general anesthesia group did show a 43 percent reduction in the odds of impaired ability to walk 10 feet a year after surgery, as well as nonsignificant trends toward better social interaction and cognitive functioning.
		However, general anesthesia was associated with slightly better outcomes than was either tetracaine or bupivacaine, which are longer acting drugs than lidocaine.
	www.ahrq.gov /research/apr00/0400RA5.htm (426 words)

	eMedicine - Anesthesia, General : Article by Saifee Rashiq, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		General anesthesia uses drugs administered systemically to render the patient unaware of anything that is being done to or around him or her.
		Minimum infrastructure requirements for general anesthesia include a well-lit space of adequate size, a source of pressurized oxygen (either piped in or from cylinders), an effective suction device, and equipment to continuously monitor heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature.
		The goal of this stage of the anesthesia process is to have the patient arrive in the operating room in a calm, relaxed frame of mind while causing minimal interference with breathing and cardiovascular status.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic110.htm (3548 words)

	General Anesthesia
		General Anesthesia is a type of anesthesia where you are put in deep sleep.
		During the delivery of a general anesthetic the patient is rendered unconscious by various medications that depress the central nervous system thus making them insensible to painful surgical stimulation and depressing the bodies vital reflexes.
		Minor side effects from general anesthesia and surgery are common.
	www.reddinganesthesia.com /general.htm (595 words)

	Anesthesia, General Information on Healthline
		General anesthesia is the induction of a balanced state of unconsciousness, accompanied by the absence of pain sensation and the paralysis of skeletal muscle over the entire body.
		General anesthetics may be gases or volatile liquids that evaporate as they are inhaled through a mask along with oxygen.
		The degree of anesthesia produced by an intravenously injected anesthetic cannot be changed as rapidly and must be reversed by administration of another drug.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/anesthesia-general (678 words)

	Capitol Anesthesiology Association - Services - General Anesthesia
		General anesthesia is not the name of a drug; it is a technique of administering anesthesia.
		When patients emerge from general anesthesia with no memory of what has transpired during the time they were under anesthesia, it is easy to see how it came to be described as "going to sleep".
		A common scenario for the administration of general anesthesia in an adult would be first to establish an intravenous infusion, or IV; often a small dose of an anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) drug can be given intravenously to help calm the patient prior to transfer to the operating room.
	www.capanes.com /services_ga.html (932 words)

	32teethonline.com: gums, extraction, sutures, la, local anesthesia, general anesthesia, tooth, wisdom tooth, extraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Local anesthesia is temporary loss of sensation to pain and other sensations such as pressure, temperature and touch in a localized area of the tissue.
		General anesthesia is reversible loss of consciousness along with loss of all sensation.
		General anesthetics are used in complicated surgical procedures that may take a long duration and when the surgery is done in multiple sites.
	32teethonline.com /ospage2.htm (599 words)

	Anesthesia, general
		General anesthesia is the induction of a state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation over the entire body, through the administration of anesthetic drugs.
		Agents used for general anesthesia may be either gases or volatile liquids that are vaporized and inhaled with oxygen, or drugs delivered intravenously.
		General anesthetics are usually inhaled through a mask or a breathing tube or injected into a vein, but are also sometimes given rectally.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/anesthesia_general.jsp (2358 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Health / Science / How long do the fatigue and 'brain fog' last after surgery with ...
		These days, most general anesthesia drugs are fairly short-acting, which means you wake up quickly and the drugs are mostly out of your system within a few hours, said Dr. Carl Rosow, an anesthesiologist at Massachusetts General...
		These days, most general anesthesia drugs are fairly short-acting, which means you wake up quickly and the drugs are mostly out of your system within a few hours, said Dr. Carl Rosow, an anesthesiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital.
		Some cognitive dysfunction can occur even after regional anesthesia, in which pain is blocked in one part of the body and the patient is sedated but not rendered fully unconscious.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/health_science/articles/2005/03/29/how_long_do_the_fatigue_and_brain_fog_last_after_surgery_with_general_anesthesia (358 words)

	Healthopedia.com - General Anesthesia (Total Anesthesia)
		General anesthesia is a method used to stop pain from being felt during a procedure or surgery.
		In this form of anesthesia, medication is given to make the person unconscious.
		General anesthesia is the most powerful form of anesthesia.
	www.healthopedia.com /general-anesthesia (379 words)

	General anesthesia for cesarean delivery
		Your vital signs (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate) can change with the administration of anesthesia. Your anesthesiologist carefully follows these vital signs to ensure that they stay within the limits that are necessary for the well-being of the baby. Therefore, general anesthesia does not harm the baby.
		General anesthesia involves the administration of medications into a vein. The result is a rapid loss of consciousness.
		One of the most significant concerns during general anesthesia is whether there is food or liquids in the mother's stomach.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /painfreebirthing/csga.asp (537 words)

	Anesthesia for Cosmetic Plastic Surgery - BeautySurg.com
		General Anesthesia is a method of facilitating deeper anesthesia that is used for more complex or longer operations.
		With general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious and does not see, hear, or feel anything.It provides pain relief, muscle relaxation, and amnesia (so that you don't remember the details surrounding surgery) all at the same time.
		Unlike IV sedation, general anesthesia does not require that injections of local anesthesia be used as well.
	www.beautysurg.com /learn/general_anesthesia7.html (413 words)

	Breastfeeding: Is general anesthesia safe while nursing?
		A client undergoing general anesthetic for middle ear procedure is concerned about length of time postop she may be unable to breastfeed.
		A nursing mother receiving general anesthesia should be allowed to breastfeed as soon as she is awake and aware.
		When considering the use (and safety) of general anesthesia in a nursing mother, it is important to keep in mind that general anesthetics are sometimes used during birth or a tubal ligation, and the newborn generally is encouraged to breastfeed as soon as the mother is awake and able to safely hold her baby.
	tinyurl.com /thsu (214 words)

	General Anesthesia : American Pregnancy Association
		General anesthesia refers to a total loss of both sensation and consciousness.
		General anesthesia is rarely used for childbirth because your participation is crucial for a safe and efficient delivery.
		Research strongly indicates that the rate of maternal death due to general anesthesia may be at least double the rate of deaths due to regional anesthesia.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /labornbirth/generalanesthesia.htm (444 words)

	heartburn problems after general anesthesia Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		General surgery.....procedures for conditions such as heartburn, appendicitis.....Urology..
		Get answers to your questions about anesthesia, the administration of a drug and/or gas to numb part of your body or to create a state of unconsciousness.
		...while the patient is under general anesthesia, which...
	www.heartburn-info.com /heartburn-problems-after-general-anesthesia.html (185 words)

	201 KAR 8:390. General anesthesia, deep sedation, and conscious sedation by dentists.
		General anesthesia, deep sedation, and conscious sedation by dentists.
		(4) A facility where general anesthesia, deep sedation, or conscious sedation with a parenteral drug is employed shall meet board standards to insure that the protocol procedures, facilities, drugs, equipment, and personnel utilization are acceptable for safe and appropriate use.
		(1) If general anesthesia, deep sedation, enteral sedation of children under the age of thirteen (13), or conscious sedation with a parenteral drug is employed, the board may conduct an unannounced on-site inspection of a facility to determine that the protocol, procedures, facility, drug, equipment, and personnel utilization meet board standards as established in the:
	www.lrc.state.ky.us /kar/201/008/390.htm (1472 words)

	Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnea following general anesthesia in preterm infants
		Growing babies who were born too early (preterm) and who undergo general anaesthetic for surgery may have complications, including episodes of apnea (pauses in breathing), cyanosis (from lack of oxygen in the blood), and bradycardia (slow heartbeat).
		Growing ex-preterm infants who undergo general anesthesia for surgery at about term equivalent age may have episodes of apnea, cyanosis and bradycardia during the early postoperative period.
		Caffeine reduces the occurrence of apnea, bradycardia and oxygen desaturation after general anesthesia, although it has yet to be determined whether these episodes are clinically important.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/DHS5/DHS.HTM (2246 words)

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