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Topic: General anesthetic

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	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Anesthetics, General (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		General anesthetics (an-ess-THET-iks) normally are used to produce loss of consciousness before and during surgery.
		General anesthetics are usually given by inhalation or by injection into a vein.
		General anesthetics may cause unwanted effects, such as drowsiness, in the newborn baby if large amounts are given to the mother during labor and delivery.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203043.html (1722 words)

	Anesthesia: Pet Health Topics from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University
		Most general anesthetics are very fat soluble so the greater the amount of body fat and the longer the animal is anesthetized, the greater amount of anesthetic agent that will be absorbed into body fat.
		The perfect anesthetic is a drug that produces no heart or lung depression, provides adequate analgesia, provides excellent muscle relaxation, is not metabolized by the patient, is not toxic, and is readily reversible.
		Although the general anesthetics in use in veterinary anesthesia today are great improvements compared to the anesthetics of yesteryear, they still fall far short of the perfect agent.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /ClientED/anesthesia.asp (1955 words)

	SAMBA - Educational Content III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Of 1,180 ambulatory oral surgery patients, two-thirds of whom were treated with general anesthesia and the remainder with local anesthesia supplemented by intravenous sedation, the three patients who required admission on the day of surgery had undergone general anesthesia.
		Local and regional anesthetic techniques were associated with sooner discharges, and nausea and vomiting were significant factors in prolonging discharge after general anesthesia.
		Implications: General anesthesia with propofol, nitrous oxide, and a laryngeal mask airway is comparable to epidural anesthesia with lidocaine for outpatient extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy procedures.
	www.sambahq.org /professional-info/ed-4-NEW.html (11305 words)

	Appendix F: Anesthesia and Analgesia
		General: Sedatives, analgesic agents, and general anesthetic agents must be utilized for the control of pain and distress unless their use is contrary to the achievement of the objectives of the study, in which case strong justification must exist.
		Local anesthetic agents such as bipivacaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride may be used to block the nerve supply to a limited area for the performance of minor or rapid procedures.
		General anesthesia: by premedication with atropine or glycopyrrolate and a sedative, followed by the intravenous use of an ultra short-acting barbiturate, propofol or ketamine/diazepam, intubation of the trachea and administration of an inhalant anesthetic agent.
	www.unmc.edu /iacuc/guide/appenF1.html (5982 words)

	Search Results for anesthetic - Encyclopædia Britannica
		General anesthesia involves loss of consciousness, usually for the purpose of relieving the pain of surgery.
		The maintenance of the tone of the blood vessels by the autonomic nervous system may be affected by severance of one of these nerves or by its interruption of the flow of nervous impulses.
		Local anesthetics produce loss of sensation and make it possible for many surgical procedures to be performed without a general anesthetic.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=anesthetic&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (498 words)

	Anesthetic Gases: Guidelines For Workplace Exposures
		Many anesthetic agents such as diethyl ether, divinyl ether, cyclopropane, and ethylene, were effective in their intended use but posed a fire and explosion risk in the presence of a sufficient oxygen supply and an ignition source such as a spark from static electricity or electrical equipment.
		Venting waste anesthetic gas via the exhaust grille or exhaust duct of a nonrecirculating ventilation system is an example of a passive system: The anesthetic gas is initially moved along by the positive pressure from the breathing circuit until it reaches the gas disposal assembly.
		Anesthetic agent vapor is the gaseous phase of an anesthetic agent that is normally a liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
	www.osha.gov /dts/osta/anestheticgases (14620 words)

	Capitol Anesthesiology Association - Services - General Anesthesia
		General anesthesia is not the name of a drug; it is a technique of administering anesthesia.
		When patients emerge from general anesthesia with no memory of what has transpired during the time they were under anesthesia, it is easy to see how it came to be described as "going to sleep".
		A common scenario for the administration of general anesthesia in an adult would be first to establish an intravenous infusion, or IV; often a small dose of an anxiolytic (anxiety-relieving) drug can be given intravenously to help calm the patient prior to transfer to the operating room.
	www.capanes.com /services_ga.html (932 words)

	Harvard Biophysics Faculty: Keith Miller
		The major focus is on molecular mechanisms by which general anesthetics cause anesthesia and side effects.
		General anesthetic binding sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are located using agents that are both general anesthetics and photoaffinity labels (refs 3 and 4).
		Because general anesthetics tend to act primarily on the open, ion conducting, conformation of these channels and these conformations only exist for milliseconds after activation, we have developed an apparatus that can freeze the channels in the open state (ref 1).
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~biophys/Keith_Miller.htm (404 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Desflurane (Inhalation-Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		General anesthetics are given only by or under the immediate supervision of a medical doctor trained to use them.
		However, when it is used to continue general anesthesia that has been started with another anesthetic, desflurane does not cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
		General anesthetics may cause some people to feel drowsy, tired, or weak for a while after they have been given.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202685.html (967 words)

	eMedicine - Anesthesia, General : Article by Saifee Rashiq, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		General anesthesia uses drugs given systemically to render the patient unaware of anything that is being done to or around him or her.
		Such a general anesthetic, given in an uncontrolled fashion by an individual with no anesthesia training, would be completely inappropriate for an elective surgical procedure.
		Minimum infrastructure requirements for general anesthesia include a well-lit space of adequate size, a source of pressurized oxygen (either piped in or from cylinders) an effective suction device, and equipment to continuously monitor heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic110.htm (3533 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Anesthetics may cause changes in membrane thickness, which in turn affect the gating properties of ion channels in neurons.
		This suggests that the pressure may be forcing the anesthetic molecules out of the cell membranes, thus preventing them from having an effect.
		This demonstrates that the anesthetic agent is having an affect on the function of the enzyme.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/Pharm/pharm16.doc (1970 words)

	General Anesthetic Binding to Gramicidin A: The Structural Requirements -- Tang et al. 78 (4): 1804 -- Biophysical ...
		General Anesthetic Binding to Gramicidin A: The Structural Requirements -- Tang et al.
		There is a distinct possibility that general anesthetics exert their action on the postsynaptic receptor channels.
		Anesthetic and nonanesthetic interaction with cation channel peptide: an NMR structural analysis.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/4/1804 (3284 words)

	MotherNature.com - General Anesthetics
		General anesthetics are used to produce unconsciousness during surgery.
		Unlike local anesthetics that are used in dentistry and minor surgery, general anesthetics circulate throughout the body, which results in a stronger action on the nervous system and a greater potential for side effects.
		If you are taking a General Anesthetic for which no separate article exists, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.
	www.mothernature.com /Library/Ency/index.cfm?id=1074009 (770 words)

	Hospital practice more than specialty influences the choice of regional or general anesthesia for Cesarean section : ...
		As some sites performed few Cesarean sections, the type of anesthetic percentage would change dramatically if only a few anesthetics were or were not a general anesthetic.
		FIGURE 2 The percent of general anesthetic for Cesarean section performed by anesthesiologists varied between 5% to 50% between hospital sites.
		, one regional hospital and two metropolitan area hospitals are not shown because of the low number of anesthetics performed by anesthesiologists.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/49/9/954 (1368 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - The general anesthetic propofol increases brain N-arachidonylethanolamine ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is widely used as a general anesthetic and for the maintenance of long-term sedation.
		To determine whether inhibition of FAAH is a common property of general anesthetics, we tested the ability of etomidate, midazolam, ketamine, and thiopental to inhibit FAAH activity.
		Our finding that the general anesthetic thiopental, which was insensitive to inhibition by SR141716, had no effect on anandamide brain content argues that the elevation of endocannabinoids was not a result of the anesthesia-induced sedation.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v139/n5/full/0705334a.html (6334 words)

	SAMBA - Educational Content IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the induction and recovery profiles of three combinations of general anesthesia when used as an alternative to spinal anesthesia for elderly patients.
		Raeder JC: Propofol anaesthesia versus paracervical blockade with alfentanil and midazolam sedation for outpatient abortion.
		Richardson MG, Dooley J: The effects of general versus epidural anesthesia for outpatient extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
	www.sambahq.org /professional-info/ed-guidelines-content-4.html (4477 words)

	General Anesthetic Potencies of a Series of Propofol Analogs Correlate with Potency for Potentiation of ...
		General Anesthetic Potencies of a Series of Propofol Analogs Correlate with Potency for Potentiation of {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Current at the GABAA Receptor but Not with Lipid Solubility -- Krasowski et al.
		The general anesthetic properties of propofol were initially discovered during a screen of 97 alkylphenols in mice and rabbits,
		Collins JG, Kendig JJ and Mason P (1995) Anesthetic actions within the spinal cord: Contributions to the state of general anesthesia.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/297/1/338 (7014 words)

	ICN Message Boards - Possible to have a hydrodistention without general anesthetic? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I was wondering if it is possible to have had a hydrodistention in your cystoscopy under local anesthetic.
		Just had my 2nd cysto with hydrodistension, and my Uro would not do it without general anesthesia, as he says it would be too painful, as Donna and Brat say.
		My ic did not show up with just the regular cysto, it was when he did the hydro that at 550 to 600cc that my bladder got "angry red and bled" as my Dr. put it.
	www.ic-network.com /forum/printthread.php?t=899 (509 words)

	General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABAA receptor {beta}3 subunit -- ...
		General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABAA receptor {beta}3 subunit -- JURD et al.
		General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABA
		General anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/2/250 (2272 words)

	ESRA: General Anesthetic Provides Faster Discharge Time Than Spinal Anesthetic for Minor Urological Procedures
		Men between 18 and 65 years of age, all undergoing minor surgery for genital varicoceles, were randomized to receive either a spinal anesthetic (5 mg of 0.5% hyporbaric bupivacaine [Carbostesin] plus 25 mcg fentanyl, n=20) or total intravenous anaesthetic (TIVA) consisting of propafol and remefentanil delivered through a continuous infusion.
		Nausea and vomiting were more common in the general anaesthetic group, while post-procedure headache, related directly to the placement of the spinal tap, and pruritis were more common in the spinal group.
		Erhan concluded that in healthy, un-premedicated men undergoing minor urological surgery, the traditional advantages of spinal anaesthesia such as ease of use, rapid onset of action and generally low rate of side effects might be outweighed by the advantages seen with general anesthetic using remefentayl and propofol.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/4073494DB2DCA9C485256ACD00642BFB (490 words)

	Search Results for anesthetic(a) - Encyclopædia Britannica
		nonflammable, volatile, liquid drug introduced into medicine in the 1950s and used as a general anesthetic.
		Halothane rapidly achieved acceptance and became the most frequently used of the potent...
		Cyclopropane is nonirritating to mucous membranes and does not depress respiration.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=anesthetic(a)&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (495 words)

	37-4-511. Limitations on the administration of general anesthetics and practices involving general anesthesia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Limitations on the administration of general anesthetics and practices involving general anesthesia.
		This subsection does not affect the requirements for monitoring of vital signs by another health professional under subsection (2) or (3).
		(5) The facility in which general anesthesia is to be administered as part of a dental or surgical procedure must be equipped with proper drugs and equipment to safely administer anesthetic agents, to monitor the well-being of the patient under general anesthesia, and to treat the complications that may arise from general anesthesia.
	data.opi.state.mt.us /bills/mca/37/4/37-4-511.htm (183 words)

	General Anesthetic Actions on Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters in Stably ...
		General Anesthetic Actions on Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters in Stably Transfected Cells -- Shahani et al.
		The effects of general anesthetics on neurotransmitter uptake
		of certain anesthetics but are unlikely to be essential to their
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/abstract/95/4/893 (344 words)

	Pets Hub - Older Cat and General Anesthetic
		I am wondering if anyone has any information about General Anesthetic in an older cat.
		It must be something serious for your cat, that the vet has decided on giving your cat a general anesthetic, despite your cat's old age.
		General anesthetic is dangerous not only on older pets, but also on young pets.
	www.petshub.com /forums/showthread.php?p=671 (673 words)

	ChowChow.org \| Info \| General Anesthetic and Chows
		But I am extremely leery of doing that because I read in the Chow Chow Reporter some years ago that Chows don't handle general anesthetic well and have been known to die on the table.
		I work with a man whose 8-year-old male went in to be neutered and never regained consciousness.
		The reason I can think of this happening to Chow's, is that some vets have a fear of Chows Chows.
	www.chowchow.org /info/anestetic.html (375 words)

	From the Cover: Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of general anesthetic effects on the ion channel in the ...
		From the Cover: Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of general anesthetic effects on the ion channel in the fully hydrated membrane: The implication of molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia -- Tang and Xu 99 (25): 16035 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of general anesthetic effects on the ion channel in the fully hydrated membrane: The implication of molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia
		to study the effects of halothane, a clinical anesthetic, on a
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/99/25/16035 (670 words)

	A Retrospective Analysis of a Remifentanil/Propofol General Anesthetic for Craniotomy Before Awake Functional Brain ...
		A Retrospective Analysis of a Remifentanil/Propofol General Anesthetic for Craniotomy Before Awake Functional Brain Mapping -- Keifer et al.
		A Retrospective Analysis of a Remifentanil/Propofol General Anesthetic for Craniotomy Before Awake Functional Brain Mapping
		responses, and anesthetic complications from an IV general anesthetic
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/abstract/101/2/502 (243 words)

	12 AAC 40.985. General Anesthetic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Visit Touch N' Go's Website to see how.
		A commercially prepared mixture of 50 percent oxygen and 50 percent nitrous oxide, when self-administered by a patient as part of the outpatient care provided by a licensed podiatrist, is an analgesic and not a general anesthetic referred to in AS Authority:
		The Alaska Administrative Code was automatically converted to HTML from a plain text format.
	www.touchngo.com /lglcntr/akstats/AAC/Title12/Chapter040/Section985.htm (193 words)

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