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Topic: Generalized Markup Language

	Markup language
		A markup language is a kind of text encoding that represents text as well as details about the structure and appearance of the text.
		Markup languages are used, for example, by the publishing industry to communicate printed works among authors, editors, and printers.
		After a time it was seen that most markup languages shared many features in common, and it became generally agreed that markup should focus on the structural aspects of a document and leave the visual presentation of that structure to the interpreter.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Markup_language.html (680 words)

	Brief History of Document Markup
		Document markup is the process of adding codes to a document to identify the structure of a document or the format in which it is to appear.
		Until the computerization of the printing industry, markup was primarily done by a copy editor writing instructions on a manuscript for a typesetter to follow (Figure 1).
		Generic or generalized markup is the term that describes the process of assigning generic names to markup.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_AE038 (1864 words)

	XML
		Markup is used to modify the look and formatting of text or to establish the structure and meaning of the document for output to some medium, such as printer or the World Wide Web.
		Markup consists of codes, or tags, that are added to text to change the look or meaning of the tagged text.
		These markup languages cannot be used for any other purpose other than that for what it was developed for.
	www.layoutgalaxy.com /xml/markup.php4 (1009 words)

	GML: Generalized Markup Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Generalized Markup Language (GML) is a set of macros (tags) for the IBM text formatter, "SCRIPT".
		GML simplifies the description of a document in terms of its format, organization structure and content parts and their relationship, and other properties.
		GML markup (or tags) describe such parts as chapters, important sections, and less important sections (by specifying heading levels), paragraphs, lists, tables, and so forth.
	www.javvin.com /softwareglossary/GML.html (154 words)

	SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language
		Standard Generalized Markup Language: SGML is a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set.
		The abbreviation for Standard Generalized Markup Language, SGML is an international standard for the publication and delivery of electronic information.
		While HTML is a markup language which deals primarily with the appearance of a document, SGML is a more complex system for describing structural divisions in a text (title page, chapter, scene, stanza), typographical elements (changing typefaces), and other textual features (grammatical structure, etc.).
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/SGML.asp (688 words)

	Standard Generalized Markup Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SGML is a descendant of IBM's Generalized Markup Language (GML), developed in the 1960s by Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher and Raymond Lorie (whose surname initials were used by Goldfarb to make up the term GML).
		SGML and GML should not be confused with the Geography Markup Language developed by the Open GIS Consortium or the Game Maker scripting language.
		Another markup language originally created as an application of SGML is DocBook, designed for authoring technical documentation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language (469 words)

	Framework for a music markup language
		Such a general markup language should consist of modules that could be appended to core modules on a needs basis.
		A music markup language that is based on notation would be merely a system that translates the abstract notations into the terminology and syntax of the particular music markup language.
		In this sense a music markup language could follow the concepts of CWN, but that does not mean a music markup language should be mapped to CWN or limited to that notation system.
	www.musicmarkup.info /MAX/max2002paper.html (5559 words)

	Exeter SGML Project: What is SGML
		The textual markup used is semantically perspicuous to a human: natural language is employed in the selection of names for textual objects, their attributes, and other features.
		Markup is 'descriptive' in that it indicates the nature, function, or type of content in a document, rather than specifying how that data content should be displayed, printed on paper, or otherwise processed.
		Markup which is specific to pre-determined processing goals is sometimes called 'procedural' or 'presentational' because it uses codes that specify processing directives or intended display effects.
	www.isgmlug.org /sgmlhelp/exetwhy.htm (1943 words)

	[No title]
		"Markup" is a term coming from the publishing and printing business, where it means the instructions for the typesetter that were written on a typescript or manuscript copy by an editor.
		Unlike most other artificial languages, markup languages have to deal with embedded data, and contain rules for what is markup and what is data.
		An element definition consists of the name (generic identifier) which will be used in tags, a description of the content (using a "content model"), and an indication of whether the start-tags or the end-tags may be omitted.
	fox.cs.vt.edu /READMEs/SGML-FAQ.txt (2610 words)

	Overview of Standard Generalized Markup Language
		While Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is both standard (ISO 8879) and generalized, it does not provide an off the shelf markup language that one can simply take home and apply to a letter, a novel, an article, a software manual, or a catalog record.
		While procedural markup specifies a particular procedure to be applied to a document component, descriptive markup indicates what the component is. Examples are chapter, chapter title, section, paragraph, author, publisher, and cataloging_in_publication data.
		There are different kinds and ways that one might use referential markup, but I would like to focus on the kind of referential markup that enables something about which most of you have heard, and perhaps with which many of you have some experience, namely, hypertext and hypermedia.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /~dvp4c/sgmlintr.htm (2564 words)

	Standard Generalized Markup Language
		Markup languages are special codes and markers designed to perform specific functions within an electronic document.
		Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is one example of a markup language based on this ISO standard.
		SGML languages use markers called tags to specify the formatting within the document and to separate specific parts of the document into blocks that can be recognized and searched more easilly.
	www.inetdaemon.com /tutorials/www/sgml/index.shtml (428 words)

	Markup language Summary
		The best-known markup language in modern use is HTML (HyperText Markup Language), one of the foundations of the World Wide Web.
		The codes enclosed in angle-brackets are markup instructions (known as tags), while the text between these instructions is the actual text of the document.
		Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing by James H. Coombs, Allen H. Renear, and Steven J. DeRose.
	www.bookrags.com /Markup_language (2797 words)

	An Overview of the Extensible Markup Language - Jun 98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Markup that represents a procedure for output devices is often referred to as procedural output.
		Markup should not describe the processing to be performed on the document; rather, markup should describe the document's structure.
		The DTD describes the structural rules that the markup in the document is to follow, declares internal and external resources that form part of the document or might be required within the document, and lists non-XML resources that are found in the document for which external helper applications are required.
	www.stsc.hill.af.mil /crosstalk/1998/06/xml.asp (2495 words)

	A Gentle Introduction to SGML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Generalizing from that sense, we define markup, or (synonymously) encoding, as any means of making explicit an interpretation of a text.
		By markup language we mean a set of markup conventions used together for encoding texts.
		A markup language must specify what markup is allowed, what markup is required, how markup is to be distinguished from text, and what the markup means.
	www.isgmlug.org /sgmlhelp/g-sg.htm (398 words)

	Markup Languages
		Major portions of GML were implemented in mainframe publishing systems, and the language achieved substantial industry acceptance.
		GML was expanded with additional concepts, such as short references, link processes and concurrent document types, into Standard Generalized Markup Language.
		• Human Markup Language: HML is part of an effort to provide a framework for the overall human communication process, including areas and concepts such as thought, emotions, behaviors, kinesics, beliefs and facial expressions, through graphical or text-based representation.
	computerworld.com /printthis/2005/0,4814,103711,00.html (1133 words)

	The Standard Generalized Markup Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Standard Generalized Markup Language is used to describe the content of text documents in a logical and structural manner.
		The HyperText Markup Language is defined as an SGML markup language.
		It is the most well known SGML markup language but largely and falsely thought of as being outside the context of or as a brother or sister of SGML.
	www.online-learning.com /demos/sgml-xml/SGML.html (455 words)

	Markup Language (Linktionary term) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The term "markup" is historically based on the marks made by copy editors to pages that indicate how they should be formatted and typeset.
		The markups were so obscure that users quickly realized a standard markup language was needed to reduce confusion.
		HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language that defines hypertext, a markup language that defines jumps to different parts of a document or, in a hypermedia environment like the Web, to other documents.
	www.linktionary.com /m/markup.html (221 words)

	Cover Pages: Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
		Both SGML and XML are "meta" languages because they are used for defining markup languages.
		A markup language defined using SGML or XML has a specific vocabulary (labels for elements and attributes) and a declared syntax (grammar defining the hierarchy and other features).
		Conceived notionally in the 1960s - 1970s, the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML, ISO 8879:1986) gave birth to a profile/subset called the Extensible Markup Language (XML), published as a W3C Recommendation in 1998.
	xml.coverpages.org /sgml.html (230 words)

	The CoverPages
		PMML is an XML markup language used to describe statistical and data mining models.
		Organizers for Extreme Markup 2005 have issued a renewed call for papers in connection with the August 1-5, 2005 peer-reviewed technical conference, to be held in Montreal, Canada.
		It describes the structure, content, construction, and semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to indicate the language used in an information object.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/sgml-xml.html (15887 words)

	SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language and the Transformation of Cataloging
		Standard Generalized Markup Language and the Transformation of Cataloging by Daniel V. Pitti Librarian for Advanced Technologies Projects The Library 386 Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720-6000 510/643-6602 dpitti@library.berkeley.edu Note: Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Serials Interest Group, June 1994, Vancouver; publication forthcoming from Haworth Press).
		While Standard Generalized Markup Language is both standard (ISO 8879) and generalized, it is not really a markup language as such.
		Referential markup, the last type of markup identified by Coombs, Renear, and DeRose, as its name suggests, refers to information that is not present.
	xml.coverpages.org /berknasg.html (3054 words)

	A brief SGML tutorial
		[ISO8879]), is a language for defining markup languages.
		A specification that describes the semantics to be ascribed to the markup.
		Generally, block level elements may contain inline elements and other block level elements.
	www.w3.org /TR/WD-html40-970708/intro/sgmltut.html (1896 words)

	SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) (Linktionary term)
		In this sense, it is a metalanguage-a language that describes a formatting and markup language.
		This language consisted of special control characters to indicate the beginning and end of some formatting.
		More recently, XML (Extensible Markup Language) was introduced as a way to define the elements in documents with tags so they can be extracted into databases, spreadsheets, and by programs.
	www.linktionary.com /s/sgml.html (410 words)

	What is SGML? Standard Generalized Markup Language Code Tags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set.
		A simple coding language using hard-coded tags to represent markup.
		The document consists of data characters and markup; the markup describes the structure of the information and an instance of that structure.
	bugclub.org /beginners/internet/sgml.html (87 words)

	The Making Of A Markup Language
		XML, which is really just a language for creating other markup languages, makes it easy to create structured documents, easily readable by humans, with tags that describe the content of the document.
		Second, widespread development won't be galvanized until standardized markup languages are agreed upon and developed for vertical markets (see sidebar, " The Need For Standard Markup Languages ").
		The language is well-suited for projects with large quantities of similarly structured data, such as the universe of articles published by the various magazines owned by CMP Media Inc., InformationWeek 's parent company.
	www.informationweek.com /683/83olxml.htm (1141 words)

	SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is the general markup language.
		It is not itself the successor to HTML as the language of the web, but successors will follow the XML standard.
		The extensible markup language (XML) is a promising standard for describing semi-structured information and contents on the Internet.
		The markup text is outputted to a rendering device, which creates a readable text.
	www.clickerado.com /x/xml/markup_language.htm (2496 words)

	Cover Pages: SGML: General Introductions and Overviews
		A number of general introductions to SGML may be found on the Internet.
		Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Markup Language (ETD-ML) User's Guide, by Neill A. Kipp (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University).
		Note: This User's Guide to the ETD markup language provides a simple but very clear overview of SGML encoding constructs using annotated examples with graphical models.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/general.html (1234 words)

	Music markup languages
		4ML is an XML-compliant Music and Lyrics Markup Language; development is supported on the SourceForge forum 'fourml', which provides a collection of example applications using the 4ML language.
		It differs from existing languages for audio synthesis like CSound, because it is not a programming language, but a data format.
		That may not necessarily be due to borrowing, but rather to the fact that all these languages share a common object of description and that there already is a well-established set of technical terms in general use.
	www.musicmarkup.info /scope/markuplanguages.html (1146 words)

	Extensible Markup Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uses the hierarchical model for representation, which is limited compared to the relational model since it only gives a fixed view of the actual information: either actors under movies, for example, or movies under actors.
		Note that XML naturally expresses the hierarchical syntax of the SQL query language which is used to serialize relational databases as one method of database backup, so this objection does not apply to the use of XML to serialize relational data, but pertains to the use of XML to express data relations directly.
		DSDL includes RELAX NG full and compact syntax, Schematron assertion language, and languages for defining datatypes, character repertoire constraints, renaming and entity expansion, and namespace-based routing of document fragments to different validators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xml (5320 words)

	Standard Generalized Markup Language
		SGML is a descendant of IBM's "Generalized Markup Language" GML, developed in the 1960s by Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher and Raymond Lorie (whose surname initials also happen to be GML).
		By changing the SGML Declaration one doesn't even need to use "angle brackets" although they are the norm.
		SGML is very flexible and powerful, but its complexity has prevented its widespread application for small-scale general-purpose use.
	www.fastload.org /st/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language.html (255 words)

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