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	Generative Art Definition
		Generative Art refers to any art practice where the artist uses a system, such as a set of natural language rules a computer program, a machine, or other procedural invention, which is then set into motion with some degree of autonomy to or resulting in a complex work of art (Philip Galanter).
		Generative art is a term given to work which stems from concentrating on the processes involved in producing an artwork, usually (although not strictly) automated by the use of a machine or computer, or by using mathematic or pragmatic instructions to define the rules by which such artworks are executed (Adrian Ward).
		Generative art is a contested term but for my purposes refers to artwork that is broadly rule-based, a further understanding of which has been informed by the co-curation of touring exhibition Generator (with Spacex Gallery, UK).
	www.soban-art.com /definitions.asp (2319 words)

	Generative Music (2002)
		Generative music, however, does not have this effect, for it is constantly being renewed by its inherent sound generating algorithm.
		Historically, the concept of Generative Music derives from compositional theories that have been developed in the 1950ies, mainly from composers of the Cologne (or Darmstadt) "school" like Karlheinz Stockhausen and Gottfried Michael Koenig.
		Deriving from dodecaphonic music of the late Anton Webern, they have been strongly influenced (and also disturbed) by John Cage who introduced random operations into musical composition.
	www.essl.at /bibliogr/generative-music.html (766 words)

	Generative Music - Brian Eno - In Motion Magazine
		It began as a musical idea, it began as something I heard in music and gradually I realized that in fact it was an idea that was occurring in all sorts of areas.
		Music in fact you could almost dance to.
		Generative music is sensitive to circumstances, that is to say it will react differently depending on its initial condition, on where it's happening and so on.
	www.inmotionmagazine.com /eno1.html (5357 words)

	[eu-gene] Generative music discussion
		Anyway, the intention of making generative music is different from humanmade music, the process is different from humanmade music, thus, for it to be elegant, it should also have an other aesthetic.
		To make good generative music (aesthetical(def: "relating to pure beauty rather than to other considerations" (from:www.wordreference.com)) one must recognize, respect and utilize the intrisic aspects of algorithmic systems.
		I think the limitations you are talking about are mostly on the side of the spectator and maybe also on the side of the composer/programmer/performer, not so much on generative music itself.
	www.generative.net /pipermail/eu-gene/2004-March/000018.html (789 words)

	Generative music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This perspective has its roots in the generative grammars of language (Chomsky 1956) and music (Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1983), which generate material with a recursive tree structure.
		Lerdahl and Jackendoff's publication described a generative grammar for homophonic tonal music, based partially on a Schenkerian model.
		Many algorithmic music projects are also considered to be generative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Generative_music (614 words)

	The Journal of Design Research
		There is correspondence between musical generative systems and the formation of mathematical series, probabilistic theory and algorithms in other design disciplines.
		The epitome of an integrated generative system is the way in which the designer relates different granularities of process and applies a pervasive grammar to different style-determining parameters.
		Graphical representation of the glissandi pitches in Metastasis demonstrating the correlation between the string slide formations in musical pitch and the architecture of the Philips Pavilion, originating in Xenakis’ composition and continued in the architecture of the Montreal Pavilion.
	jdr.tudelft.nl /articles/issue2004.02/Art2.html (5182 words)

	September 6th, 2004: 'Generative art is as old as art'. An interview with Philip Galanter
		The generative systems we create as artists are far simpler than the systems we encounter in everyday life.
		Generative art has a fuzzy border, and process art is near that border, some on one side, some on the other.
		And it is generative in that an abstract autonomous system creates the form rather than the moment to moment intuition of the artist.
	www.artificial.dk /articles/galanter.htm (2246 words)

	TP: Koan - Self Generative Music Software
		The IKMC allows pieces of generative music to be created dynamically, in real- time and according to the users actions.
		Generative files are tiny, because you plug the sound into an engine on your local hard-disk, which creates music, just as you can do with graphics, e.g.
		Generative systems allow people to share an experience or to change that material, because they work on a component level, - like we did with Koan^Oasis: we had about ten or twelve artists who contributed various components to a piece, which then actually forms on the PC of the listener.
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/3/3272/1.html (2196 words)

	tonyballinger.com » Generative Music
		Generative music is a term coined to describe music where a key element of the composition incorporates a degree of unpredictability.
		Generative music tends to be an unknown genre at the moment, with a few notable exceptions such as Brian Eno’s “Generative Music 1″ (available for Windows), the Touch release “Wrong” by Locust (which uses two CDs played on two CD players.), amongst others.
		The method I use is an adaptation of Eno’s method for a song from his CD “Music for Airports”.
	tonyballinger.com /?page_id=4 (361 words)

	Generative art - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generative art refers to art that has been generated, composed, or constructed in an algorithmic manner through the use of systems defined by computer software algorithms, or similar mathematical or mechanical or randomised autonomous processes.
		Generative art is a system oriented art practice where the common denominator is the use of systems as a production method.
		Autopoiesis by Ken Rinaldo includes fifteen musical and robotic sculptures that interact with the public and modify their behaviors based on both the presence of the participants and each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Generative_art (592 words)

	Machine For Composing Music - 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Based on a musical model that consists of hierarchle structures based on motif material and transformations of these motifs in order to build-up phrases, voices and the final composition.
		With Machine For Composing music you can quickly explore, improvise and experiment with generating musical compositions and create endless variations of these.
		Each generator has many generator algorithms available and these are being continuosly extended with new algorithms and generator types.
	www.fexia.com /machineComposeMusic.html (436 words)

	Halfbakery: generative car music
		Imagine driving a car on the highway and have music that is "generative" meaning an onboard computer is composing and creating the music on the fly.
		Other things might be the music adapts to the presence of other cars around you, so you might begin to learn how to "sense" the cars around you through the music..
		This is all assuming that the music responds to the same stimulus in the same consistent way...
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/generative_20car_20music (525 words)

	Karlheinz Essl: Music Software
		SEELEWASCHEN is a generative sound environment which was originally composed by Karlheinz Essl for an outdoor light installation by the German artist Rainer Gottemeier.
		A computer program that automatically composes generative Carillon music based on the twelve-tone row of Anton Webern's last composition which he was unable to finish due to his sudden and unexpected death on 15 Sep 1945 when he was accidentially shot dead by an American GI.
		The piece is represented by a computer program which generates music by manipulating sampled instrumental sounds according to certain compositional strategies that are carried out in different structure generators.
	www.essl.at /software.html (885 words)

	Wired News: New Eno Music Gets 'Generative'
		Eno likes the program because he can set general musical rules and parameters for a song within Koan, and the program will then play variations within those guidelines on its own.
		The style, which Eno has been monkeying with since the early 1970s, is known as "generative music," and it couldn't be more different from the ultra-careful, computer-made tunes that Eno so despises.
		Generative music is more like gardening; you plant a seed, and it grows different every time you plant," he said.
	www.wired.com /news/culture/0,1284,47670,00.html (841 words)

	homestudio - revue audiolab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Brian Eno's "Generative Music 1", a SSEYO Koan music title, was launched to the press in London on April 17th 1996.
		Wind chimes are an example, but the only compositional control you have over the music they produce is in the original choice of notes that the chimes will sound.
		Koan Software is probably the best of these systems, allowing a composer to control not one but one hundred and fifty musical and sonic parameters within which the computer then improvises (as wind improvises the wind chimes).
	homestudio.thing.net /revue/content/eno7.htm (395 words)

	Chameleon Lectra: more about PMusic
		is a computer-based, algorithmic, indeterminate music system which allows for the creation of compositions that are different every time they are played - each playing is more like a performance than a replay.
		In some respects Parallel Music is a form of generative music in that it generates unique musical experiences each time it is activated; the key difference from many contemporary systems, such as KOAN however, is in its application of the 'Son-Net' method (see below) rather than the use of synthesis to originate sounds.
		PMusic is structured through the 'Son-Net' system: Sons are sounds (or sound sources) which are gathered, worked and preselected by the composer; Nets are a skein of rules which determine, by random methods, choice of Son, its volume, number of simultaneous Sons etc. as well as aspects such as panning and overall duration.
	www.chameleonlectra.co.uk /more_about_PMusic.html (309 words)

	MusiNum - The Music in the Numbers
		Music and mathematics always had a close relationship.
		But our traditional music is based on discrete frequencies and simple combinations of frequencies, and the mathematical discipline which is employed with the simple numbers is number-theory.
		Interesting effects are generated when the computer does not count simply 1,2,3...
	reglos.de /musinum (1591 words)

	Q Magazine: My Ever Changing Moogs
		Eno's attraction to what he's calling Generative Music is rooted in a long history of experiments dating back to his 1975 release, Discreet Music.
		These are near-heretical statements, especially given the current grip of PC fever, and although Generative systems triumph in their ability to handle a spectrum of probabilistic conditions, the fixed nature of the ROM couldn't be less helpful.
		For Eno, the beauty of the KOAN system is that the architecture of the music can be layered empirically, which means the outcome is heard as it's being written.
	music.hyperreal.org /artists/brian_eno/interviews/qmag96b.html (1733 words)

	GENERATIVE MUSIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Melodic lines of this composition are generated with the computer, using "brownian motion" theory.
		The composition is based on mathematical simulations related to various natural and artificial phenomena including flat randomness, 1/f noise, brownian motion, genetic algorithms and so on.
		At each evolutionary stage is associated a different generation model, ordered by self-organization degree, thus reflecting the chaos-bitrth-maturity-death-chaos cycle.
	www.plancton.com /music/music.htm (342 words)

	Generator.X blog
		Entitled Generative art and rules-based art, it traces a genealogy of generative art, presenting a number of historical works that are generative without being computer-based.
		A veteran of electronic music, Frank Bretschneider is currently based in Berlin but was born in 1956 in East Germany, growing up in what was then Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz).
		The tour is produced by Rikskonsertene, and presents a selection of artists working with generative strategies in the intersection between sound and visual performance.
	www.generatorx.no /tag/music (3099 words)

	Karlheinz Essl WebernUhrWerk
		Generative Music Generator in Memory of Anton Webern
		A computer program that automatically composes generative Carillon music based on the twelve-tone row of Anton Webern's last composition - commemorating his sudden and unexpected death on 15 Sep 1945 as he was accidentially shot dead by an American GI.
		On the web radio station I will someday open (www.robotradio.net) this music and the other Essl soundscapes will be the signature sound.
	www.macmusic.org /software/view.php/lang/en/id/4157 (128 words)

	Wired News: Can Generative Music Carry the Net's Tunes?
		For many, generative music is a paradox, a kind of endlessly inventive elevator music.
		The possibilities for such a data-scant system are many, said Scott Holtzman, CEO of visual imaging company Perspecta and expert on generative music.
		As high-tech as generative music may be, Perspecta's Holtzman said it actually returns music to its roots in live performance.
	www.wired.com /news/culture/0,1284,7700,00.html (811 words)

	Fractal and Generative Music
		This ring supports and promotes fractal and generative music, the software used in its creation, and fractal music composers.
		Generate new MIDI files in realtime using a variety of algorithmic techniques, including an L-system fractal toy called Expresso.
		Experimental Artist that use the Musical generator 3.1 by Musoft-Builder to Produce Complex Random Beats Blended with Circuit Bent Instruments..
	d.webring.com /hub?ring=fragen (260 words)

	The De/Generative Music of Fatima Lasay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There are nine tracks of computer-generated music in this CD and each one was composed especially for a ritual, from birth until death.
		The challenge in composing the music in Syntaxerror is to use algorithms from chaos and complexity as source of melodic material in the production of music of an orderly nature, with qualities of clarity and balance, and emphasizing formal beauty.
		The idea behind this music compilation is that of a "therapy" or a healing session on midnight radio.
	www.upd.edu.ph /~cfa/digitalmedia/digiteer/music/index.html (202 words)

	perl.com: Hacking Perl in Nightclubs
		In other words, a musical score is a kind of source code, and a musical performance is a kind of running program.
		However, at the fringes of electronic music, you find musicians who are also programmers, writing their own software to generate their music.
		Now, while musical Perl code doesn't have to be complicated, it doesn't have to make sense either, you don't have to plan on making anything that is at all readable the next day.
	www.perl.com /pub/a/2004/08/31/livecode.html (1535 words)

	GENERATIVE.NET - home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We have also hosted the GENERATOR exhibition's web site and have an interest in supporting projects that promote and further the understanding and use of generative techniques in art, design and commerce.
		The possibilities of generative art have been long known, and yet we continuously see a fresh turnover of ideas being explored by the academic, creative and commercial sectors.
		If you are interested in or actively persue the realm generative art, feel free to join generative.net in some way.
	www.generative.net (259 words)

	Comments on 18734 \| MetaFilter
		The Dream House is another example of a generative art piece, in this case one that was set to run for eight years.
		The zone was like a womb-like chill-out room, with Finer's remarkable chiming music (made mostly from samples of Tibetan singing bowls) playing while gentle ripples of light crossed the ceiling.
		And, of course, the strange generative architecture of Celestino Soddu.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/18734 (449 words)

	Generative Music Now Drives Internet Animations - The Sonic Spot
		Music, the universal language, can now be used to 'animate' the Internet.
		I've really enjoyed some of the generative music that's been composed with Koan and adding the power to control animations and trigger events means you could make eye-catching and ear-catching banners, adverts and interfaces."
		The term 'generative music', was popularised by Koan user Brian Eno, producer of the forthcoming album by U2.
	www.sonicspot.com /news/99033001.html (785 words)

	COMPUTER GENERATED MUSIC
		Audible Oddities is an audio mastering business and Shawn Hatfield also provides some free music composition tools for the Mac featuring sequencing control and algorithmic music generation.
		Webrings that support and promote fractal and generative music, the software used and fractal music composers.
		"Musical generator" creates music out of fractals, numbers, text and graphics and can be converted to MIDI.
	www.synthzone.com /compgen.htm (414 words)

	rand()%help(generative audio)
		Although most generative music is created algorhythmically there are different ways to acheive the desired level of randomness or progression.
		Random numbers generated by computers are not true random numbers because they are inherently deterministic.
		There are many ways to generate random numbers such as harvesting data from chaotic systems such as the weather or even radioactive materials.
	www.r4nd.org /help2.html (854 words)

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