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Topic: Genetic architecture

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	NIH Guide: GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF COMPLEX PHENOTYPES
		The term genetic architecture is used to encompass the full range of genetic effects on a trait, with emphasis on the context dependence of the expression of those genes in manifesting a phenotype.
		Genetic architecture is less a fundamental biological property of the phenotype than a characteristic of a phenotype in a particular population.
		The genetic architecture is a moving target that changes according to gene and genotype frequencies, the distributions of environmental factors, and such biological properties as age and sex.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-98-078.html (2079 words)

	NIGMS -- News & Events: The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits Workshop Report and Recommendations 1-29-98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The genetic architecture of complex traits consists of a description of all of the genetic and environmental factors that affect the trait, along with the magnitude of their individual effects and the magnitudes of interactions among the factors.
		The genetic architecture is a moving target that changes according to gene and genotype frequencies, the distributions of environmental factors, and such biological properties as age and gender.
		Because the genetic architecture is a characteristic of a trait in a population, it is affected by population structure and population history--a fact that undermines the concept of a "disease gene." In a complex trait, there is no "disease gene" in the sense of a Mendelian factor that, by itself, causes a disease.
	www.nigms.nih.gov /news/reports/genetic_arch.html (2910 words)

	NIH Guide: GENETIC ARCHITECTURE, BIOLOGICAL VARIATION, AND COMPLEX PHENOTYPES
		The term genetic architecture refers to the full range of genetic effects on a trait; however, when studying variation on such a large scale, it is especially important to consider the context or environments in which genetic variation arises, is selected, and is maintained.
		Genetic architecture is less a fixed property of the phenotype than a characteristic of a phenotype in a particular population.
		The following are typical of research areas targeted by this initiative: Biological Variation Studies of genetic architecture have historically focused on associations of genotype and phenotype (e.g., between DNA markers and a disease).
	grants1.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-02-110.html (2389 words)

	American Zoologist: Genetic architecture of physiological phenotypes: Empirical evidence for coadapted gene complexes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This approach has been used to examine the genetic architecture of physiological traits in the copepod Tigriopus californicus, a species characterized by sharp genetic differentiation of populations.
		By definition, then, the genetic composition of a species might be viewed as a set of coadapted alleles across gene loci that jointly produce a viable, reproducing organism.
		Hence, while population divergence may be stochastic, the overall genetic composition of a population is unlikely to be a random set of the allelic variants extant in the species.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_199904/ai_n8836642 (1088 words)

	Ellipsis...The Interactivator
		It proposes the evolutionary model of nature as the generating process for architectural form, in an attempt to achieve in the built environment the symbiotic behaviour and metabolic balance that are characteristic of the natural environment.
		Architecture is considered as a form of artificial life, subject, like the natural world, to principles of morphogenesis, genetic coding, replication and selection.
		Architectural concepts are expressed as generative rules so that their evolution and development can be accelerated and tested by the use of computer models.
	www.ellipsis.com /evolutionary (801 words)

	Neurogenetics at UT Health Science Center
		It is possible to statistically control for these built-in genetic correlations when mapping by comparing the phenotypes to "residual" genotype values in which non-syntenic linkage has been controlled in a way similar to composite interval mapping.
		All data would be cumulative, results could be readily confirmed or refuted, genetic architecture could be explored easily, and even difficult genetic problems, such as norms-of-reaction, maternal effects, and epistasis, could be studied using massive RI intercrosses (RIX).
		Williams RW, Airey DC, Kulkarni A, Zhou G, Lu L (2001) Genetic dissection of the olfactory bulb of mice: QTLs on chromosomes 4, 6, 11, and 17 modulate bulb size.
	www.nervenet.org /papers/bxn.html (8488 words)

	Quantitative genomics: Exploring the genetic architecture of complex trait predisposition -- Pomp et al. 82 (13 ...
		Quantitative genomics: Exploring the genetic architecture of complex trait predisposition -- Pomp et al.
		Quantitative genomics: Exploring the genetic architecture of complex trait predisposition
		Genetics, November 1, 2004; 168(3): 1529 - 1537.
	www.animal-science.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/13_suppl/E300 (396 words)

	Neurogenetics at UT Health Science Center
		These two genetic strategies share numerous scientific and clinical objectives (Lander and Schork, 1994; Takahashi 1994), but there are key differences between methods, realms of application, scientific goals, and the areas of expertise of practitioners who work in these fields.
		This detection bias will likely be greatest for genetically complex traits compared to simpler ones because of the higher frequency of trait-relevant genes whose mutated effects on the phenotype are too small to allow their recovery.
		Finally, natural genetic variation is of interest in its own right in many biological disciplines, particularly from evolutionary, ecological, and population genetic perspectives.
	www.nervenet.org /papers/belknap2001.html (7473 words)

	Computer Architecture Project:Genetic Algorithms for Data Value Prediction Design
		The goal of our project is to explore the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to the design of value prediction hardware.
		We will compare the results of the genetic algorithm to two simple value prediction methods (stride and context predictors) and one hand coded value prediction scheme.
		We will use GAlib, a C++ genetic algorithm package developed at MIT, as the basis of the GA. The code base supports tree structured GA's (among others), parallel execution (important assuming simulation run times are fairly long), and many mutation and crossover operations.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~slenser/ca_project/proposal.html (966 words)

	A global view of pleiotropy and phenotypically derived gene function in yeast : Molecular Systems Biology
		Classical genetic analysis attempts to resolve such issues by isolating and characterizing multiple alleles of the same gene, with the goal of determining whether these phenotypically defined functions are genetically separable.
		Nonetheless, such genomic results and conventional genetic principles suggest that the strong relationship between mutant phenotype and cellular function can be captured by the use of large phenotype profiles and leveraged for the analysis of both condition-specific and highly pleiotropic genes.
		Conventional genetic analysis cannot distinguish between these two possibilities without identifying distinct mutant alleles that exhibit different subsets of phenotypes, demonstrating that the functions are genetically separable.
	www.nature.com /msb/journal/v1/n1/full/msb4100004.html (8274 words)

	Mapping quantitative trait loci for murine growth: a closer look at genetic architecture. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This study continues in that tradition by locating quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for murine growth, such as age-specific weights and growth periods, and examining the genetic architecture for body weight.
		An examination of the genetic architecture for age-specific weight and growth periods resulted in locating 20 separate QTLs, which were mainly additive in nature, although dominance was found to affect early growth and body size.
		This QTL pattern indicates largely separate genetic and physiological systems for early and later murine growth, as Falconer suggested.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_10689807.html (266 words)

	Genetic architecture of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle weight in 200-day-old mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J ...
		Genetic architecture of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle weight in 200-day-old mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J lineage -- Lionikas et al.
		Genetic architecture of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle weight in 200-day-old mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J lineage
		The aim of the study was to explore the genetic architecture
	physiolgenomics.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/16/1/141 (463 words)

	7. GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is therefore important to understand the genetic architecture of such characters.
		The theory made no assumptions about the heritability of the character so that two discrete characters might have similar numbers of loci concerned in their determination but very different values for genetic and environmental variance when these were partitioned from the total phenotypic variance.
		Current informed thinking on genetic architecture is admirably described by Falconer and Mackay (1996).
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y4955E/y4955e08.htm (422 words)

	The Von Neumann Self-reproducing Architecture, Genetic Relativism and Evolvability
		I should note that, in that paper, I argue at length against the idea of Genetic Absolutism; but not in the sense that it is ``bad'' in itself--it just is not a tenable theory of biological evolution.
		If the genetic network is fixed then this may impose severe limits on the practical paths of Darwinian evolution (and thus on the practical growth of complexity).
		This, in turn, would ultimately lead away from self-reproducer architectures in which there is any simple or neat division between the core constructive automaton and the rest of the automaton (though there might still be a fairly strict separation of the description tape--i.e.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~alife/bmcm-2000-02/html-single (2621 words)

	JAC : Genetic Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Theserumblings, stemming in large measure from the convergence of computation and biogenetics in the latter part of the twentieth century, have already begun to invoke gravid visions of theunthinkable: the unmasking of the primordial veil of reality.
		For the first time, mankind is finally in possession of the power tochange and transform the genetic constitution of biological species, which, without a doubt, has profound implications for the future of life on Earth.
		It is at the level of the construction of possible worlds that the implications for architecture are most pronounced.The thesis that will be advanced is that architecture is becoming increasingly dependent on genetic computation: the generative construction and the mutual coexistence of possibleworlds within the computable domain of modal space.
	www.comparch.org /articles/genetic_architecture (720 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I attended graduate school at Indiana University, and this is where I first became interested in molecular systematics and population genetics.
		Current major interests include the study of higher level phylogenetic relationships and character evolution in the angiosperms, floral evolution, the genetic basis of key floral differences in basal angiosperms, the genetic and genomic consequences of polyploid speciation, conservation genetics of rare plant species, and phylogeography.
		Genetic diversity and tests of the hybrid origin of the endangered yellow larkspur.
	www.botany.ufl.edu /Faculty/faculty_Soltis.htm (1217 words)

	Genetic Mapping and Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Stalk Tunneling by the European Corn Borer in ...
		Genetic Mapping and Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Stalk Tunneling by the European Corn Borer in Maize -- Cardinal et al.
		Genetic Mapping and Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Stalk Tunneling by the European Corn Borer in Maize
		Genetics, December 1, 2004; 168(4): 2169 - 2185.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/3/835 (492 words)

	Computational Genetics Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The goal of the Computational Genetics Laboratory (CGL) is to develop, evaluate, and apply computational and statistical methods for detecting and characterizing genetic, genomic, and proteomic biomarkers of common human diseases.
		MDR is a nonparametric and genetic model-free alternative to logistic regression for detecting and characterizing nonlinear interactions among discrete genetic and environmental attributes.
		RPM is a genetic model-free alternative to linear regression for detecting and characterizing nonlinear interactions among discrete genetic and environmental attributes that contribute to interindividual variation in quantitative traits.
	www.epistasis.org (4454 words)

	Human Evolution At The Crossroads: Integrating Genetics And Paleontology
		She brought together experts who study phylogenetics, ancient DNA, developmental genetics, quantitative genetics and primate evolution so that they could share the same stage to discuss their current work, and where they may be able to go on together in an effort to understand the evolution of our ancestors.
		Research on early hominids, she argues, has benefited from an abundance of new fossil finds, but the emerging data are leading to competing interpretations of human origins and evolution instead of providing clarity.
		She and her colleagues also found that the underlying genetic architecture may have enabled rapid evolutionary changes in enamel thicknesses that could reflect changes in dietary habits over time.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/02/040217074120.htm (968 words)

	Genetic Architecture of Mandible Shape in Mice: Effects of Quantitative Trait Loci Analyzed by Geometric Morphometrics ...
		Genetics, March 1, 2005; 169(3): 1461 - 1475.
		Genetics, April 1, 2004; 166(4): 1909 - 1921.
		Genetics, April 1, 2002; 160(4): 1573 - 1586.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/abstract/157/2/785 (502 words)

	ArchitectureWeek - Tools - Concept Biomimetic - 2002.0619
		The program in Genetic Architecture in the Escola Superior d'Arquitectura (ESARQ) at Barcelona's Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC) is rapidly becoming one of the most technically advanced architecture programs in the Mediterranean region.
		Just as material science studies the structures of plants, animals, and natural forces to mimic their composition and form in the production of new materials, "genetic architecture" generates graphic and structural extrapolations to architectural design by studying and mimicking life forms (biomimetics).
		The ESARQ program and UIC's newly organized E-Lab fuse advanced forms of digital visualization with the integration of technology, the environment, biomimetics, traditional architecture, and new forms of rapid prototyping.
	www.architectureweek.com /2002/0619/tools_1-1.html (260 words)

	A Global Search Reveals Epistatic Interaction Between QTL for Early Growth in the Chicken -- Carlborg et al. 13 (3): ...
		Additive and dominance genetic effects for the quantitative trait loci affecting body weight at 112 days that were mapped by SIM using a 20% genome-wide significance threshold, sorted by size of the additive effect.
		Leamy, L. and Cheverud, J. Quantitative genetics and the evolution of ontogeny.
		Genetic and environmental correlations among age-specific characters in randombred mice.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/13/3/413 (4657 words)

	A Parallel Genetic VLSI Architecture for Combinatorial Real-Time Applications - Disc Scheduling - Turton, Arslan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		0.4: The Proportional Genetic Algorithm: Gene Expression in a..
		A parallel genetic VLSI architecture for combinatorial real-time applications - disc scheduling.
		1 A Hardware Architecture for a Parallel Genetic Algorithm for..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /turton95parallel.html (414 words)

	Transfer and Origin of Adaptations through Natural Hybridization: Were Anderson and Stebbins Right? -- Arnold 16 (3): ...
		Fritz, R.S., Hochwender, C.G., Brunsfeld, S.J., and Roche, B.M. Genetic architecture of susceptibility to herbivores in hybrid willows.
		Williams, J.H., Jr., and Arnold, M.L. Environmental, historical, and introgressive sources of genetic structure in the woody perennial, Betula occidentalis.
		Genetics, August 1, 2005; 170(4): 1945 - 1956.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/562 (3854 words)

	Genetic architecture of thermal adaptation in Escherichia coli -- Riehle et al. 98 (2): 525 -- Proceedings of the ...
		Genetic architecture of thermal adaptation in Escherichia coli -- Riehle et al.
		Genetic architecture of thermal adaptation in Escherichia coli
		Genetics, August 1, 2002; 161(4): 1385 - 1394.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/98/2/525 (720 words)

	Quantitative Genetics Resources
		Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Genetic Analysis is written to equip graduate students in the mathematical sciences to understand and model the epidemiological and experimental data encountered in genetics research.
		The M.Sc./Diploma in Quantitative Genetics and Genome Analysis at the University of Edinburgh.
		Genetics for Animal Breeding at the University of New England (Armidale, Australia).
	nitro.biosci.arizona.edu /zbook/book.html (1968 words)

	From the Cover: Genetic architecture and evolutionary constraint when the environment contains genes -- Wolf 100 (8): ...
		Genetic architecture and evolutionary constraint when the environment contains genes
		effects and thereby complicates the definition of genetic architecture.
		Genetics, June 1, 2004; 167(2): 1017 - 1026.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/8/4655 (5185 words)

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