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Topic: Genetic basis for homosexuality

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Hira Mandi

	HOMOSEXUALITY: Beliefs and studies
		Genetically predetermined plus some unknown environmental factor in early childhood which "turns on" the gene or genes.
		Homosexual orientation can be detected in pre-school children.
		All efforts to treat homosexuality as a normal and natural practice must be resisted.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_fixe.htm (1828 words)

	Homosexuality: A Psychiatrist's Response to LDS Social Services
		Psychoanalysts had been writing about homosexuals and their treatment efforts to erradicate homosexuality for over 50 years before researchers such as Kinsey (1948, 1953), Hooker (1956, 1957, 1958), and Ford and Beach (1951) began to ask whether homosexuality was a mental illness in the first place.
		The evidence of this missing check and balance is clear as one reads the history of psychoanalytic writings on homosexuality (see Lewes, 1995); the articles are full of angry, hostile, sarcastic descriptions of homosexual patients and their problems with an intolerable number of cheap jokes at the patients’ expense.
		Additionally, all of the psychoanalytic studies on homosexuality used patients who sought treatment for a variety of symptoms or who were brought to treatment in mental hospitals or prisons.
	www.lds-mormon.com /hldsss.shtml (3531 words)

	The Gene Debate
		Homosexuality is firmly rooted in genes and biology.
		They'll say Down's Syndrome is a genetic condition, and not ìnormalî and those suffering from Down's Syndrome should not engage in sexual relationships, that they should be pitied, not imitated, that their affliction is a test from Allah.
		Those who argue that the genetic basis for Homosexuality should not be used to excuse or condone homosexuality seem strangely unaware of the fact that the same biological mechanism that churned out the homosexual is the same one that churned out the heterosexual.
	www.well.com /user/queerjhd/sxthegenedebate.htm (1131 words)

	Is Homosexuality in the Genes? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Homosexual advocates have won a massive victory in the court of public opinion, and they won without even having to prove their case.
		For the past fifteen years, those leading the movement to normalize homosexuality have staked their political strategy on claims that homosexuality is an inherited trait, like left-handedness, for a significant minority of human beings.
		Homosexual activists downplayed the research study but appeared to retreat from any claim of a biological basis for homosexuality.
	www.cbmw.org /news/ram150404.php (1296 words)

	The biological basis of homosexuality - The Boston Globe
		With gay marriage now supported by the state's highest court and homosexuality likely to be a hot-button issue in the presidential campaign, the question of whether sexual orientation is an innate or acquired trait is an increasingly urgent one.
		Other studies on the genetic roots of homosexuality, which affects at least 3 percent to 4 percent of the population (activists say the figure is higher), are mixed.
		In 1991, an autopsy study by Simon LeVay at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego found that part of the brain called the anterior hypothalamus was twice as large in heterosexual men as in homosexual men, suggesting a biological basis for homosexuality.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2003/12/02/the_biological_basis_of_homosexuality?page=2 (908 words)

	HOMOSEXUALITY - An Analysis of Biological Theories of Causation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Many scientists have claimed that homosexuality is rooted in biology, and much of the research has been conducted by scientists living a homosexual lifestyle[5].
		Homosexuals, needless to say, have reduced reproduction, and should have disappeared long ago if there was a genetic basis[8].
		The claim that homosexuality is a biologically predetermined charac-teristic, and homosexuals are "born that way" stands on flimsy genetic, hormonal and neuroanatomic evidence.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year2/hormones/tahir.htm (3285 words)

	Gay Scientists Admit Homosexuality a Behavior
		Homosexual researcher Dean Hamer, for example, notes that homosexuality is not “...purely genetic…environmental factors play a role.
		Homosexual researcher Simon LeVay, who attempted to find a genetic basis for homosexuality by examining the differences in the hypothalamus between “homosexual” and “heterosexual” males, has written: “I didn’t show that gay men are born that way, the most common mistake people make in interpreting my work.
		Gregory Dickson, whose doctoral thesis is on the relationship between a mother and son in the development of homosexuality, found that 49% of the homosexuals he surveyed said they had been molested, compared to less than 2% of heterosexuals.
	www.couplescompany.com /Jungle/behavior.htm (406 words)

	The Biological Basis of Homosexuality
		Although many think that homosexuals are simply confused about their sexual identity, recent scientific findings have given more support to those who believe gays are genetically predetermined to be homosexuals.
		If homosexuality is genetically linked, the probability of both identical twins being gay should be higher than that of fraternal twins, which should be still higher than that of nongenetically-related brothers.
		Dean Hamer, examining the family trees of gay men, noticed a pattern of inheritance through the maternal side; as a result, he hypothesized that homosexuality may be an X-linked trait since men inherit their X chromosome from their mother.
	www.geocities.com /southbeach/boardwalk/7151/biobasis.html (2090 words)

	Is Your Baby Gay? What If You Could Know? What If You Could Do Something About It?
		Homosexual activists were among the first to call for (and fund) research into a biological cause of homosexuality.
		The discovery of a biological basis for homosexuality would be of great pastoral significance, allowing for a greater understanding of why certain persons struggle with these particular sexual temptations.
		If a biological basis is found, and if a prenatal test is then developed, and if a successful treatment to reverse the sexual orientation to heterosexual is ever developed, we would support its use as we should unapologetically support the use of any appropriate means to avoid sexual temptation and the inevitable effects of sin.
	www.albertmohler.com /blog_read.php?id=891 (1452 words)

	Plastic: It's A Black Thing — You Wouldn't Understand, Faggot
		Given that musical genres such as rap, rock, jazz, blues, etc., have all originated within the past century or so, and human genetics haven't noticeably changed in that period (or in a much longer period) we would not expect to find a genetic basis for an individual's preference for rock rather than jazz.
		However, it is easily possible that the genetic basis for homosexuality is actually present in everyone, or nearly everyone, much like the genetic basis for the appreciation of music.
		So either it actually serves an evolutionary purpose (which is possible, although not obviously the case) or its genetic basis is too difficult to disentangle from sexuality in general.
	www.plastic.com /comments.html;sid=04/03/24/15201884;cid=137 (698 words)

	Modelling the effects of memetic taboos on genetic homosexuality
		Evidence for a genetic basis for homosexuality in humans remains controversial (Pillard and Weinrich 1986; Bailey and Pillard 1991; Bailey and Benishay 1993; Bailey et al 1993; Hamer et al 1993; Risch et al 1993; Haynes 1995; Hu et al 1995; Rice et al 1999).
		The initial incidence of homosexuality in the population is taken to be 0.9, i.e.
		Exact quantification of the incidence of male homosexuality in the past and present is a highly controversial area (Gonsiorek et al 1985, Lhomond 1993; Weinrich et al 1993), but an estimate of a current incidence of visible homosexuality of some 5% seems not unreasonable (Johnson 1994).
	cfpm.org /jom-emit/2001/vol4/gatherer_d.html (5123 words)

	Embracing Change with All Four Arms
		Another concern expressed by many critics of genetic technology is the dire consequences of the re-emergence of fascist, racist and authoritarian regimes, and their use of genengineering to produce compliant, genetically uniform subjects.
		As genetic diagnosis and treatment become more prevalent people will become as sophisticated about their genetic diagnoses as they are about the risks of cigarette smoking or cholesterol: risk-averse folks will take their genetic propensities very seriously, and risk-prone folks won't.
		No one may be subjected to discrimination on the basis of genetic characteristics and that aims or has the effect of injuring the recognition of human dignity or the enjoyment of his or her rights on the grounds of equality.
	www.changesurfer.com /Hlth/Genetech.html (8571 words)

	Mental illness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most popular explanations for mental illness, currently, are biological explanations; that is, a person with a mental illness may have a difference in brain structure or function or in neurochemistry, through either genetic or environmental vulnerabilities (such as in utero alcohol exposure).
		Finally, many genetic studies or twin studies have shown strong evidence that mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder (manic depression) and schizophrenia can be inherited.
		For example, over thirty years ago homosexuality was considered a mental disorder in American psychiatry (see DSM-II); at the same time, the American psychiatry establishment was also leading the way in refusing to pathologise homosexuality any more and has since argued against such practices as trying to turn gay people straight through therapy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mental_illness (3370 words)

	Gay Genes (Page 2)
		On this basis, they argue that "homosexuality is genetic." British researchers generated comparable results in a similar study.
		...recent studies seeking a genetic basis for homosexuality suggest that...we may be in for a new molecular phrenology, rather than true scientific progress and insight into behavior.
		In the case of homosexuality, the inherited traits that are more common among homosexuals (and that produce "non-zero heritability" in studies) might include such qualities as greater than average tendency to anxiety, shyness, sensitivity, intelligence, aesthetic abilities and so on.
	www.angelfire.com /in2/Elton/Genes2.html (2421 words)

	gay news blog: Re-engineering Gays Even if God Made Them That Way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Conservative Christians used to admit that a biological basis for homosexuality would prove that 'God made gays' and end the idea that being gay is a sin.
		There is, however, support for the belief that homosexuality is is congenital due to hormones the fetus is exposed to in the womb.
		Whether homosexuality is caused by genes or hormones in the womb, it is still something one is born with.
	gay_blog.blogspot.com /2007/04/re-engineering-gays-even-if-god-made.html (1526 words)

	Clem's Corner
		While homosexuality is claimed to be a normal variant of human sexuality and that persons with SSA are as psychologically healthy as the rest of the population, research refutes this generalization.
		Homosexual marriage promoters also tell judges or legislators that research proves there are no differences between children raised by same-sex couples and those raised by their biological married mother and father.
		For example published research demonstrates a high prevalence of partner abuse in homosexual relationships (16), but instead of addressing this serious problem, activists are attempting to use hate crimes legislation to harass and punish those who challenge the ethics of their behavior, sexual and otherwise.
	www.lumenweb.com /clemscorner/2007/05/ad_hoc_committee_on_homosexual.html (1594 words)

	Gay genes - possible genetic basis for homosexuality - Sex - 1992 Discover - Find Articles
		Among the 335 men in the first study, 52 percent of the identical twins were both gay, as compared with only 22 percent of the fraternal twins and just 11 percent of the adoptive brothers.
		(Estimates of homosexuality in the general population range from 4 to 10 percent.) The figures were similar for the approximately 300 women in the second study.
		If one accepts the idea that sexual orientation has a strong genetic component--and some researchers doubt it--the next logical step is to try to track down the responsible genes.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1511/is_n1_v14/ai_13652190 (748 words)

	Brain Research Institute
		Sanders is a psychiatrist with the Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute who is leading the NIH-funded search for the genetic basis of male homosexuality (www.gaybros.com).
		Homosexuality runs in families - studies show that 8 to 12 percent of brothers of gay men are also gay, compared with the 2 to 4 percent of the general population.
		Vilain, an associate professor of human genetics, and his colleague, Sven Bocklandt, are using gay sheep, transgenic mice, identical twin humans, and novel approaches to human genetics to try to unlock the mystery of sexual orientation.
	www.bri.ucla.edu /bri_weekly/news_050812_3.asp (1505 words)

	Homosexuality is biological, suggests gay sheep study - 05 November 2002 - New Scientist
		Homosexuality is biological, suggests gay sheep study - 05 November 2002 - New Scientist
		A study of gay sheep appears to confirm the controversial suggestion that there is a biological basis for sexual preference.
		The work shows that rams that prefer male sexual partners had small but distinct differences in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, when compared with rams that preferred to mate with ewes.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3008 (443 words)

	Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In addition to espousing skepticism and relativism, "this-worldly" approaches to the metaphysical status of morality deny the absolute and universal nature of morality and hold instead that moral values in fact change from society to society throughout time and throughout the world.
		A second area of metaethics involves the psychological basis of our moral judgments and conduct, particularly understanding what motivates us to be moral.
		Using the woman's experience as a model for moral theory, then, the basis of morality would be spontaneously caring for others as would be appropriate in each unique circumstance.
	www.iep.utm.edu /e/ethics.htm (6475 words)

	Dr. Hales's genetics links
		Genetics of earwax wetness determined (BBC, January 30, 2006)
		Genetics Society of America statement in support of GM crops
		Genetics in Literature a course at Vanderbilt taught by Jay Clayton
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/kahales/geneticslinks.html (757 words)

	Leadership U. Special Focus: Can Gays Change?
		A significant portion of the population has accepted as fact that homosexual inclinations are rooted in the genetic code of individuals.
		Homosexuals who do want out of their lifestyle are often told that they cannot be helped.
		The National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) is a non-profit, educational organization dedicated to the research, therapy and prevention of homosexuality.
	www.leaderu.com /focus/canchange.html (562 words)

	The Case for Eugenics in a Nutshell - Future Generations
		In Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations, Richard Lynn (1996) found that dysgenic fertility is the rule rather than the exception around the world.
		There's not one shred of scientific evidence to support egalitarianism, and there's a mountain of evidence that disproves it, but that doesn't deter egalitarians in the media and academia, who give the pretense of scientific legitimacy by pointing to studies that report associations between one social pathology and another.
		To some, "blatantly lied" may sound like inflammatory rhetoric, but I would respond by saying that there is proof of their deception, and I would ask "What kind of flagrant dishonesty are we reserving the term 'blatantly lied to' that's so much worse than this?" One would be hard-pressed to think of anything more egregious.
	www.eugenics.net /papers/caseforeugenics.html (4332 words)

	The DNA Files - DNA&BEHAVIOR - Program Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For example, you'll learn about twin studies conducted to determine whether there is a genetic influence on homosexuality.
		Some scientists hope that establishing a genetic basis for homosexuality will help foster greater acceptance of homosexuals.
		By exploring these three behaviors - homosexuality, novelty seeking, and addiction - we examine how the field of behavioral genetics may affect each of us individually and impact society as a whole.
	www.dnafiles.org /about/pgm2/index.html (288 words)

	Biology and Morality -- What If There Is a Biological Basis for Homosexuality?
		Posted: Tuesday, June 21, 2005 at 2:29 am ET The Seattle Times weighed in on the homosexuality debate again on Sunday, with the paper's science reporter, Sandi Doughton, arguing that "a flock of sheep at Oregon State University may help answer a key question behind the controversy: Is homosexuality a matter of choice or biology?"
		One such group, the conservative Christian organization Focus on the Family, is sponsoring a one-day conference in Bothell Saturday." Further: "The social and political implications of the research are impossible to ignore, leading to unease on both sides of the gay-rights debate.
		Albert Mohler, Jr., Is Homosexuality in the Genes?
	www.albertmohler.com /blog_print.php?id=130 (541 words)

	LifeWay: Biblical Solutions for Life
		Of course, no genetic basis for homosexuality has ever been proved, and scientists are deeply divided over the very idea that homosexuality – or any human behavior – can be traced to our genetic structure.
		David M. Smith, speaking for the Human Rights Campaign, a homosexual-rights political organization, told the Washington Post, "In the final analysis it should not matter whether there is a biological basis or there is not." This is quite a shift from the group's established strategy.
		The Rice and Ebers study does reveal the weakness of the biological argument put forward by homosexual activists, but evangelicals must be cautious in denying the possibility of any biological factors related to homosexuality.
	www.lifeway.com /lwc/rd_article_content/0,2815,A%253D160461%2526X%253D1%2526M%253D200812,00.html (1259 words)

	Concerned Women for America - 'Gays' Can Change, Psychiatrist Tells APA
		Since then, homosexual activists have promoted the idea that people are born “gay,” cannot change, and that “sexual orientation” is, therefore, akin to skin color, ethnicity and other traits that have been accorded special protection in civil rights laws.
		Over the past decade, a few heavily publicized studies purporting to show a genetic cause for homosexuality have been discredited, yet media outlets consistently report that “growing scientific evidence” shows a biological basis for homosexuality.
		Pray that people struggling with homosexual desires will learn about this study and contact Exodus International, Regeneration, P-FOX, Kerusso Ministries and other groups that are helping individuals and families cope with homosexuality from a Christian perspective.
	www.cwfa.org /articledisplay.asp?id=1110&department=CWA&categoryid=family (774 words)

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