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Topic: Genetic inheritance

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	Genetic counselling & inheritance
		Genetic counselling is the process by which information is given regarding the genetic risks of a disorder.
		A child with achondroplasia born to average-stature parents is a spontaneous mutation in the genetic material of the child at the time of conception.
		This form of inheritance is uncommon but is important to recognise because of the risks for female relatives transmitting the disorder.
	www.sspa.org.au /genetic.htm (932 words)

	Inheritance (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary concern is that implementation inheritance does not provide any assurance of polymorphic substitutability—an instance of the re-using class cannot necessarily be substituted for an instance of the inherited class.
		Inheritance is often better used with a generalization mindset, such that common aspects of instantiable classes are factored to superclasses; say having a common superclass 'LegalEntity' for both Person and Company classes for all the common aspects of both.
		Inheritance does influence the structure of many objects at run-time, but the different kinds of structure that can be used are already fixed at compile-time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inheritance_(computer_science) (1939 words)

	Genetics Primer
		The genetic mode of inheritance can be useful in predicting the clinical status of individuals possessing mutations and is critical for assessing risk to the family members of a patient affected with a genetic disorder.
		The inheritance mode of single gene disorders may be dominant, recessive or mitochondrial (genetic transmission may also impacted by anticipation, mosaicism, genomic imprinting and uniparental disomy - topics beyond the scope of this basic introduction).
		In mitochondrial inheritance, the clinical status of a patient is correlated to the proportion of mitochondria with mutations versus mitochondria with normal gene copies.
	www.athenadiagnostics.com /site/content/diagnostic_ed/genetics_primer/part_1.asp (980 words)

	© The Centre for Genetics Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The inheritance pattern depends on whether the faulty gene is part of one of the numbered chromosomes called an autosome, as shown in Genetics Fact Sheet 1, or on the X chromosome which is one of the sex chromosomes.
		This type of inheritance refers to the pattern of inheritance of a faulty (mutated) gene that is located on the X chromosome (X-linked genes).
		The pattern of inheritance of a condition due to a recessive mutation in a gene that is located on the X chromosome is called X-linked recessive inheritance.
	www.genetics.com.au /factsheet/08.htm (2576 words)

	Genetic Counselling
		Sheldon Reed proposed the terminology, ' Genetic counseling ' in 1947, In the response to the increasing knowledge of the role of genetics in health and disease.
		Genetic counselors educated in the medical and psycho social aspects of genetic disease, can simplify and convey complex information to help people make important life decisions.
		The X — linked inheritance can have some interesting result depending on the X —chromosomes of mother or father that is Genetic disorders can be transmitted/affected through the somatic or sex chromosomes.
	www.medindia.net /Patients/PatientInfo/geneticcounselling.asp (930 words)

	Inheritance and Genetics of X-linked Dominant Genetic Diseases - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Strongly genetic diseases are usually inherited, partially genetic diseases are sometimes inherited, and non-genetic diseases are not inherited.
		Inheritance of X-linked Dominant Genetic Diseases: X-linked dominant diseases are usually inherited, though rare cases of sporadic genetic disease can also occur.
		Inheritance from one double dominant parent: The rare case of a mother with double-dominant disease (i.e.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /x/x_linked_dominant_genetic_diseases/inherit.htm (551 words)

	Introduction to Genetic Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Genetic diversity refers to the variation at the level of individual genes (polymorphism), and provides a mechanism for populations to adapt to their ever-changing environment.
		Genetic mutation, a change of the chemical building blocks of a gene, occurs at the level of the individual.
		Based on the patterns of inheritance that Mendel observed, it is possible to make predictions about the probability of a particular allele being passed on to an offspring, and to make predictions about the phenotypic expression of an allele in the next generation.
	genetics.nbii.gov /GeneticDiversity.html (3269 words)

	Genetic Inheritance has Rules - but is not an exact science
		The male carrying an Opaline gene can, of course inherit the gene from either mother or father if it was inherited from the mother, since the mother possessed only one X chromosome.
		A simple diagram (Diagram 1), can only properly explain the inheritance pattern of single genes, and in the above diagram we have considered two genes (Opaline and Cinnamon) and a third genetically inherited character, sex, all of which characters are determined by the X chromosome.
		For the sake of identification, the paired chromosomes of the parent are shown as one fl chromosome and one white chromosome, the fl chromosome inherited from, say it's own father, and the white chromosome inherited from the mother, or vice versa.
	www.budgerigars.co.uk /genetics/pilk.html (1154 words)

	Key mechanism in genetic inheritance during cell division identified
		Their study may explain how a complex of proteins, called kinetochores, can recognize and stay attached to microtubules, hollow fibers in the walls of biological cells that are responsible for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division.
		From various genetic experiments we know that the activity of a 10-protein complex of kinetochores, called Dam1, is responsible for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
		It has been determined, through the genetic research of Barnes and Drubin, among others, that kinetochores must bind to a microtubule spindle to avoid the gain or loss of chromosomes by each of the daughter cells.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-02/dbnl-kmi020105.php (790 words)

	Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a pattern of inheritance known as genetic imprinting, some genes are chemically marked (or imprinted) in such a way that one pair member (which can come from either the mother or the father) is activated regardless of its makeup.
		Genetic counseling is a communication process designed to help a couple to assess the likelihood of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder and to choose the best course of action in view of risks and family goals.
		The genetic counselor interviews the couple and prepares a pedigree, a picture of the family tree in which affected relatives are identified.
	bama.ua.edu /~jcollier/PY-352-Biological_foundations_and_prenatal.html (4111 words)

	Genetic Disease - Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com
		A genetic disease or disorder is any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's genome.
		This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene.
		Mitochondrial inheritance -- This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the nonchromosomal DNA of mitochondria.
	www.medicinenet.com /genetic_disease/article.htm (869 words)

	Inheritance and Genetics of Autosomal Genetic Diseases - WrongDiagnosis.com
		About inheritance and genetics: Inheritance of Autosomal Genetic Diseases refers to whether the condition is inherited from your parents or "runs" in families.
		Inheritance of Autosomal Genetic Diseases: Autosomal genetic diseases are usually inherited from one parent (autosomal dominant diseases) or both parents (autosomal recessive diseases), although cases of sporadic genetic disease are possible.
		See details of either case in inheritance of autosomal dominant diseases or inheritance of autosomal recessive diseases.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/autosomal_genetic_diseases/inherit.htm (212 words)

	Boston.com / News / Science / Plants challenge genetic inheritance laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Challenging a scientific law of inheritance that has stood for 150 years, scientists say plants sometimes select better bits of DNA in order to develop normally even when they inherited genetic flaws from their predecessors.
		Mendelian genetics has been the foundation of both crop hybridization and the understanding of basic cell mutations and trait inheritance.
		The scientists believe the plants with hothead genes appear to have kept a copy of the genetic coding from the grandparent plants and used it as a template to grow normally, perhaps when living conditions are not ideal.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2005/03/23/plants_challenge_genetic_inheritance_laws (683 words)

	Genetics
		Of the chromosomes we inherit from each parent, 22 are autosomes, which are the same for both men and women, and 1 is a sex chromosome which is designated either X or Y. Women inherit two X chromosomes and men inherit one X and one Y chromosome.
		In autosomal dominant inheritance, only one copy of the EDS gene needs to be passed to the child in order for the child to have EDS.
		Genetic counselors are educated about numerous genetic conditions and can help patients understand genetic inheritance patterns.
	www.edstoday.org /info/genetics.htm (917 words)

	Genetic Inheritance
		Genetic inheritance of red and fl color is determined by only two color genes as presented in the diagrams.
		No. According to the genetic principles, all red factor animals have one red and one fl gene and all red animals have two red genes, regardless of the generations of red breeding.
		There is a very rare genetic factor which, when present, suppresses the fl color gene and allows the red to be expressed.
	www.redandwhitecattle.com /geninh.html (751 words)

	About Vitiligo - genetic inheritance, doctors etc.
		In at least some people, it is the genes that you inherit which predispose you to developing the condition.
		In some cases it is possible that it is not genetic, while in other cases we know that more than one gene is responsible for the development of vitiligo.
		Genes are inherited in a random fashion from both parents, so only sometimes will the vitiligo genes come together in the same person.
	www.vitiligosociety.org.uk /genes.html (1036 words)

	Responses - CMT Genetic Inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If you inherited the normal gene from your father and do not have CMT, your children would not be at risk for CMT.
		If you inherited the abnormal gene from your father and have CMT, your children would each have a 50 percent chance of having CMT.
		The genetic counselor can help arrange and coordinate all of the needed testing plus be there to explain the results.
	www.mdausa.org /experts/question.cfm?id=1619 (1088 words)

	MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/Nontraditional Inheritance/Intro & Mosaicism
		The mendelian model of inheritance, in which dominant and recessive traits are passed on according to the segregation of chromosomes, provides the framework for most of our thinking about human genetic disorders; however, most clinicians encounter a few families whose stories do not fit quite so easily into this scheme.
		This issue of Genetic Drift will describe how recent discoveries about mosaicism, mitochondiral inheritance, genetic imprinting, uniparental disomy and the instability of triplet nucleotide repeats are reshaping medicine's view of inheritance.
		These are both dominantly inherited disorders of connective tissue in which there are joint and spine abnormalities, near sightedness, hearing loss, and, often, cleft palate.
	www.mostgene.org /gd/gdvol10a.htm (1257 words)

	Types of classification
		It makes more historical sense to say that the use of prepositions was inherited from a single ancestor than to say that the ancestor had postpositions and that each of these languages somehow independently developed prepositions.
		If genetically related languages share a typological feature, like using postpositions, there is no reason,without contradictory evidence, to reconstruct anything else for the proto-language.
		It makes more historical sense to say that the structure was inherited from a single ancestor than to say that the ancestor had a different structure and that each of these languages somehow independently changed.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/linguistics/people/schuh/Lx110/Discussion/02_disc.html (1251 words)

	BHF Any Questions? - Genetic Inheritance and cardiac disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While genetic inheritance is an important consideration, lifestyle changes can help to lower the risk for many people.
		Marfan's Syndrome is an inherited disease which affects the connective tissue of different parts of the body including the heart, skeleton and eyes.
		Genetic screening is likely to help many families with inherited cardiac disease in the near future.
	www.bhf.org.uk /questions/index.asp?secondlevel=1167&thirdlevel=1353 (572 words)

	Basic Principles of Genetics: Mendel's Genetics
		Knowledge of these genetic mechanisms finally came as a result of careful laboratory breeding experiments carried out over the last century and a half.
		For example, a pea plant's inheritance of the ability to produce purple flowers instead of white ones does not make it more likely that it will also inherit the ability to produce yellow peas in contrast to green ones.
		These two principles of inheritance, along with the understanding of unit inheritance and dominance, were the beginnings of our modern science of genetics.
	anthro.palomar.edu /mendel/mendel_1.htm (1146 words)

	Research Reports- Genetic Inheritance Patterns of NMD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For some individuals with a dominantly inherited genetic disease, there is no evidence of this having been present in other family members.
		In summary, in diseases with an autosomal recessive inheritance, each offspring has a 25 percent chance of being clinically affected, a 50 percent chance of being clinically normal but carrying the defective gene, and a 25 percent chance of being normal without having the defective gene at all.
		The reason is that the mutation could have occurred in the egg which produced the affected male (and was therefore not actually inherited from a carrier mother) or in the egg which produced his mother or maternal grandmother, making one of them a carrier.
	disability.ucdavis.edu /rrtc/publications/research_summaries/genetic_inh.asp (1993 words)

	USATODAY.com - Plants challenge genetic inheritance laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Challenging a scientific law of inheritance that has stood for 150 years, scientists say plants sometimes select better bits of DNA in order to develop normally even when their predecessors carried genetic flaws.
		The conclusion by Purdue University molecular biologists contradicts at least some basic rules of plant evolution that were believed to be absolute since the mid-1800s since Austrian monk Gregor Mendel initially experimented with peas and saw that traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
		The normal watercress plants with hothead genes appear to have kept a copy of the genetic coding from the grandparent plants and used it as a template to grow normally.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/genetics/2005-03-23-plant-evolution_x.htm (501 words)

	Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute: Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems in comparative ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute: Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems in comparative linguistics.
		Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems in comparative linguistics.
		This invaluable volume contains revisions of fourteen of the sixteen papers presented at the International Workshop, 'The Connection between Areal Diffusion and the Genetic Model of Language Relationship', held in August 1998 at the Research Centre for Linguistic Typology (RCLT), which was then based at the Australian National University.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:99512639&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (184 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| How homosexuality is 'inherited'
		Scientists have said it might be that the mother develops some kind of resistance to the male Y chromosome in her offspring that makes subsequent baby boys more likely to be born gay.
		Scientists doing DNA studies on homosexual brothers pinpointed 'culprit' genetic material to a region of the X chromosome that mothers pass on to their offspring.
		It said many of the genetic studies were too small to draw definite conclusions from.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/3735668.stm (571 words)

	Ntsad's What Every Family Should Know: Modes of Inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Even though they are inherited conditions, most families are not aware that they carry genes for a disease until the birth of an affected child.
		Human Genetic Disease: A Layman's Approach relates in detail the biological processes of genetic inheritance, particularly as it pertains to Lysosomal Storage Disorders.
		Primer on Molecular Genetics, by the Department of Energy and Johns Hopkins, may be too technical for some, but worthwhile for others wanting the full picture.
	www.ntsad.org /pages/modes.htm (777 words)

	genetic_inheritance_findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The haplotype map could allow researchers to look for a single variation in the complex genetic code and know all the variations associated with it, since all are part of the same haplotype.
		Stranger still, male and female mice that inherit the t haplotype from both parents typically do not survive, but in the rare instances when they do, the overwhelming majority of males are sterile.
		Until now, most geneticists suspected that both transmission ratio distortion and sterility were due to the same mutations in a small number of genes residing in the t haplotype.
	www.jax.org /news/Maine_Researchers_Find_Exceptions_to_Old_Rules_of_Genetic_In.html (525 words)

	inheritance.html
		The combination of inherited alleles represents the genetic makeup, or genotype, of the organism.
		Explain to students that they will be creating a hypothetical genetic profile of a "child" using the traits listed on Genetic Trait Chart.
		(Note: you may want to point out that some of the skills listed on the handout and their pattern of inheritance are hypothetical, and not necessarily inherited.) One student in each pair will represent the mother of the child, while the other student will represent the father.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/WYW/wkbooks/PAP/inheritance.html (656 words)

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