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Topic: Genetic linkage

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	TxMap Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In genetic mapping, distances between markers are determined by measuring the rate of meoitic recombination between them, which increases proportionately with the distance separating them.
		A unit of genetic map distance defined corresponding to an interval in which there is a 1% probability of X-irradiation induced breakage.
		Linkage of two markers is an indication that they are close to one another in the genome.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /SCIENCE96/Glossary.html (422 words)

	Genetic Linkage
		Understanding this fact will be important when you actually calculate a linkage distance estimate from your data.
		To determine the linkage distance simply divide the number of recombinant gametes into the total gametes analyzed.
		The estimate of the linkage distance between pr and vgfrom these experiments is 13.0 cM [(303/2335)*100].
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mcclean/plsc431/linkage/linkage2.htm (876 words)

	Development and Neurobiology: Genetics of Childhood Disorders: Linkage Analysis (July)
		Genetic linkage studies, often among the first steps in these efforts, provide a powerful approach to help elucidate the underlying genetic mechanisms for inherited disorders.
		Genetic linkage is designed to estimate the distance between genes.
		All of the calculations of likelihoods assume that the underlying genetic mechanisms for the illnesses being studied are known.
	info.med.yale.edu /chldstdy/plomdevelop/genetics/99julgen.htm (1518 words)

	NEJM -- Genetic linkage of the Marfan syndrome, ectopia lentis, and congenital contractural arachnodactyly to the ...
		NEJM -- Genetic linkage of the Marfan syndrome, ectopia lentis, and congenital contractural arachnodactyly to the fibrillin genes on chromosomes 15 and 5.
		Genetic linkage of the Marfan syndrome, ectopia lentis, and congenital contractural arachnodactyly to the fibrillin genes on chromosomes 15 and 5.
		Genetic linkage was established between the Marfan syndrome and only the fibrillin gene on chromosome 15, with a maximum lod score of 25.6 (odds for linkage, 10(25.6):1).
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/326/14/905 (919 words)

	Clinical Trial: Genetic Linkage Studies of Stuttering
		Genetic linkage is the initial step in positional cloning, and the cloning of genes which predispose individuals to stuttering is a long term goal of this research study.
		Genetic linkage will be determined by first obtaining genomic DNA from both affected and unaffected adults and children from families containing pairs of individuals who stutter as adults.
		Genetic linkage is the initial step in the process of positional cloning, and the cloning of genes which predispose individuals to stuttering is a long term goal of this research.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00001604 (675 words)

	The Individualist: Genetic linkage
		That genetic linkage between blood types and other features such as morphological characteristics is possible is shown by the detection of such a case of linkage in the rabbit by Sawin and others.
		There may be a genetic linkage between the ABO blood groups and the molecular structure of the tissue of Achilles tendons.
		Genetic linkage of the tricho-dento-osseous syndrome to chromosome 17q21.Hum Mol Genet.
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Genetic_linkage (1684 words)

	Malaria Journal \| Full text \| An AFLP-based genetic linkage map of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Prior to linkage analysis, markers were tested for random assortment using a chi-square test, to exclude markers segregating in a non-random fashion from the initial analysis with Map Manager, and thus to avoid spurious linkage inferences between such markers.
		In general, the estimated genetic lengths of the linkage groups assigned to chromosomes 1, 5–13 increased with the estimated physical sizes of the chromosomes (Figure 5).
		Carlton JMR: The genetics of chloroquine resistance in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi.
	www.malariajournal.com /content/4/1/11 (5157 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY [M.Tevfik DORAK]
		Genetic epidemiology was born in the 1960s as the merger of population/statistical/mathematical genetics and classical/molecular epidemiology.
		Linkage always leads to an association but this is usually intrafamilial with no association at the population level (linkage of genotype for a genetic marker to disease may be unique to the particular family).
		The genetic basis of a multifactorial disease is that a genetically susceptible individual may or may not develop the disease depending on the interaction of a number of risk factors, both genetic and environmental (Risk Estimation for Multifactorial Diseases.
	dorakmt.tripod.com /epi/genetepi.html (4781 words)

	A genetic link to anorexia
		Researchers have discovered biological evidence of a genetic underpinning to anorexia nervosa: genetic linkage on chromosome 1 for the complex psychiatric disorder.
		Linkage refers to the greater-than-chance likelihood that two separate DNA sequences will be close to one another on the same chromosome, supplying biological evidence for a genetic trait if seen among two or more family members.
		Using genetic linkage analysis, the study compared DNA samples of people suffering from anorexia nervosa with those of family members who also have an eating disorder, noting where on a person's "genetic map" certain genetic markers aggregated.
	www.apa.org /monitor/mar02/genetic.html (979 words)

	Autism Speaks, Science, Multi-Center Research Team Discovers Genetic Link to Autism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To identify regions of the genome containing autism genes, the researchers performed a genome-wide linkage scan using the genotypes (the genetic make-ups) of the individuals in the participating 222 families.
		When only regression-negative families were considered, evidence for genetic linkage on both chromosomes 4 and 3 increased markedly, suggesting differences in the genetics underlying regression versus the genetics of early developing autism in non-regression subjects.
		The researchers call ed for larger sample sizes for linkage identification and replication to establish their significance in the field, but not at the expense of increasing the heterogeneity, or variation of characteristics, among the study groups.
	www.autismspeaks.org /science/genetic_link_chromosome_7.php (1515 words)

	What is Genetic Mapping? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The goal is to determine the genetic components of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
		Linkage is a method that allows us to determine regions of chromosomes that are likely to contain a risk gene, and rule out areas where there is a low chance of finding a risk gene.
		In linkage studies, researchers are searching for a marker that is consistently present in those with a condition, and is not present in those without the condition.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /epigen/what_is_genetic_mapping.htm (730 words)

	A microsatellite genetic linkage map for zebrafish (Danio rerio) - Nature Genetics
		It is a complete map in genetic mapping terms (there is one linkage group for each of the 25 chromosomes), and it has been confirmed by somatic-cell hybrids and centromere-mapping using half-tetrad analysis.
		The markers are highly polymorphic in the zebrafish strains used for genetic crosses and provide a means to compare genetic segregation of developmental mutations between laboratories.
		An autosomal genetic linkage map of the sheep genome.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v18/n4/abs/ng0498-338.html (665 words)

	GENETIC LINKAGE IN GRADED HUMAN CHARACTERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The search for genetic linkage in man has been retarded by the supposed necessity of determining the exact hereditary background of two conditions before applying a linkage test.
		Evidence of linkage can be sought in data which are derived from pairs of brothers and sisters even though the genotypes of parents are not specified.
		The estimation of linkage for perfectly intermediate characters, in data drawn from a random population, is independent of the gene frequency.
	www.gene.ucl.ac.uk /anhumgen/graded.html (1256 words)

	Chemistry of the cell and genetics
		This study was important in showing that linkage information could prove the existence of more than one form of the same disease, it showed that there were some families in which the disease elliptocytosis was clearly linked to rhesus but that there were others in which it was not.
		The map on the left is not a genetic map, it is a map based on a large number of overlapping pieces of cloned DNA (currently being sequenced) and so it is an accurate reconstruction of the actual DNA sequence of that region of chromosome 9.
		When that initial linkage is found, many more loci from the same region are also tested in the families and recombinants are used to define the genetic interval within which the disease gene must lie.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucbhjow/bmsi/bmsi_9.html (1740 words)

	Genetic Linkage Analysis Project
		Genetic linkage analysis is a statistical method that is used to associate functionality of genes to their location on chromosomes.
		Superlink is a computer program that performs exact genetic linkage analysis with input-output relationships similar to those in standard genetic linkage programs Linkage, Fastlink v4.1, Tlinkage, Vitesse v2.0, and Genehunter v2.1.
		The input format for two-loci traits is identical to the one used by Tlinkage.
	bioinfo.cs.technion.ac.il /superlink (516 words)

	Large family study pinpoints genetic linkage in drug addiction
		They then searched genetic signposts throughout the entire genome in an effort to identify markers that, within the same family, would show that individuals who share the illness also share marker alleles, or gene variants.
		They also found strong evidence of linkage in the family groups for the symptom cluster traits characterized by dependence on substances other than opioids, specifically, alcohol, cocaine and tobacco.
		Understanding the genetic factors that influence opioid dependence risk would represent major progress toward understanding the basic biology of the disorder.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-04/yu-lfs041006.php (347 words)

	Genetic Linkage and Genetic Maps
		With the rebirth of genetics in the 20th century, it quickly became apparent that Mendel's second rule does not apply to many matings of dihybrids.
		A genetic map of chromosome 9 (the one that carries the C, Sh, and bz loci) of the corn plant (Zea mays) is shown on the right.
		These have already been used to establish genetic linkage relationships and will be available in the years ahead to study other human genes as they are identified.
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/L/Linkage.html (1539 words)

	Genetic linkage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Some of the groups contain up to 11 markers and may therefore be candidates to define the remaining chromosomes (not accounted for by the 16 major groups described above).
		Other unassigned linkage groups are likely to be brought in to the map in due course, either through the identification of further intermediate linkage groups or from the results of hybridisation of representative probes to the molecular karyotype.
		Data for the genetic linkage map are presented in different ways.
	www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk /eimeria/linkage.htm (201 words)

	Genetic Linkage Map of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin -- Yu and Guo 204 (3): 327 -- The Biological ...
		Genetic Linkage Map of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin -- Yu and Guo 204 (3): 327 -- The Biological Bulletin
		Genetic linkage maps of the male eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, with 114 markers and 647 cM.
		Genetic linkage maps of the female eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, with 84 markers and 904 cM.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/204/3/327 (6105 words)

	Soybean Genomics and Improvement : An Integrated Genetic Linkage Map of the Soybean
		The population was used for mapping of classical genetic along with molecular loci.
		An integrated linkage map of soybean based on the principle described by Stam (1993) was constructed.
		The linkage groups were named according to common markers shown on the map described by Cregan et al.
	www.ars.usda.gov /pandp/docs.htm?docid=13480 (704 words)

	Genetic Linkage Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A known genetic linkage map will be required for the analysis.
		A good genetic linkage map will comprise a set of Mendelian marker loci that are evenly spaced and span the genome.
		We have provided ways to simulate linkage maps as well as to convert linkage map information into a format suitable for QTL Cartographer.
	statgen.ncsu.edu /qtlcart/manual/node11.html (121 words)

	Newswise
		So the genetic linkage map essentially gives you landmarks or lightposts to help you figure out which general area you need to look in.
		To create the linkage map, Rogers and his team used genetic samples from 900 rhesus monkeys at both the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Oregon National Primate Research Center.
		“Human genetics is now largely based on the DNA sequence and the linkage map to tie the sequence to the individual variation for specific diseases.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/517989/?sc=rssn' (1163 words)

	Large Family Study Pinpoints Genetic Linkage in Drug Addiction
		Joel Gelernter, M.D. New Haven, Conn. — Based on data obtained from one of the largest family sets of its kind, Yale School of Medicine researchers have identified a genetic linkage for dependence on drugs such as heroin, morphine and oxycontin.
		The lead author, Joel Gelernter, M.D., professor in the Department of Psychiatry, said the researchers recruited a sample of 393 small families, most with at least two individuals with opioid dependence.
		The study was a collaborative effort involving investigators at Yale, the University of Connecticut Health Center, McLean Hospital in Boston, the Medical University of South Carolina, and Boston University.
	www.yale.edu /opa/newsr/06-04-10-01.all.html (350 words)

	ScienceDaily: Large Family Study Pinpoints Genetic Linkage In Drug Addiction
		Researchers Find Evidence Of Anorexia Nervosa Genetic Susceptibility (March 13, 2002) -- A multi-center, international collaborative team of researchers is the first to identify a region on chromosome 1 that may contain genes that make an individual vulnerable to developing anorexia...
		Allele -- In genetics, an allele is any one of a number of viable DNA codings occupying a given locus (position) on a chromosome.
		This new volume in the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours covers tumours of the kidney, the urinary system, the prostate, the testis and paratesticular tissue and the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/04/060417013630.htm (1623 words)

	The First Comprehensive Genetic Linkage Map of a Marsupial: The Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) -- Zenger et al. 162 ...
		The First Comprehensive Genetic Linkage Map of a Marsupial: The Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) -- Zenger et al.
		Systematic representation of the sex-pooled multipoint linkage maps for LG1–9.
		Genetic linkage map and its implications for interspecific breeding barriers.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/162/1/321 (4868 words)

	CMAG/CIT/NIH: GENETIC LINKAGE ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
		Under an assumed genetic model for the trait locus, the program simulates replicates of the input pedigree sample where genotypes at a markers locus linked to the trait locus (recombination fraction and marker allele frequencies specified by the user) have been simulated.
		Genetic analysis of human pedigree data under models involving a small number of loci.
		TRANSMIT tests for association between genetic marker and disease by examining the transmission of markers from parents to affected offspring.
	hpcio.cit.nih.gov /lserver/List.htm (1352 words)

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