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Topic: Genetic marker

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	Genetic marker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Genetic markers are DNA sequences that can be identified by a simple assay, allowing the presence or absence of neighbouring stretches of the genome to be inferred.
		Genetic markers can be used to study the relation between an inherited disease and its genetic cause (for example, a particular mutation of a gene that results in a defective protein).
		Genetic markers have to be easily identifiable, associated with a specific locus, and highly polymorphic, because homozygotes do not provide any information.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genetic_marker (257 words)

	Allelic variants of bovine somatotropin gene:genetic marker for superior milk production in bovine
		The marker involves the presence of a polymorphism adjacent to the bovine prolactin gene sequence and a means for determining the presence of such polymorphism in bovine genetic material is described in U.S. Pat.
		The marker is the heterogeneous nature of the somatotropin gene which is a result of a polymorphism in the somatotropin gene sequence that causes two forms of somatotropin to exist in the bovine population.
		Thus, the desired marker for Holsteins is a somatotropin gene that is homozygous for the leucine.sub.126 variant and the desired marker for Jerseys is a somatotropin gene that is homozygous for the valine.sub.126 variant.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/BST/Patents/1994/05374523.pat.html (4454 words)

	Glossary
		The 12 DYS marker test is used for low cost initial screening of males in a surname project, and for use in estimating the male’s Y-Chromosome Haplogroup.
		Genetic Marker - A segment of DNA with an identifiable physical location on a chromosome and whose inheritance can be followed from generation to generation of offspring.
		Genetic markers located in various chromosomes are used to differentiate one human genome from another.
	www.kerchner.com /glossary.htm (8471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Genetic marker loci determined previously to be associated with a trait locus or trait loci are used to uncover the genotype at trait loci by virtue of linkage between the genetic marker locus and the trait locus.
		Marker loci were tested independently using separate analyses in which the number of allelic classes examined at a locus was dependent upon the number of RFLP alleles observed at that locus.
		Marker loci were tested independently using separate analyses in which the number of allelic classes examined at a locus was dependent upon the number of SSR alleles observed at that locus.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/41655.980924&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9462 words)

	Boxer Underground - The Genetic Gamble - Ralston Purina Company
		He also discussed how genetic tests can help control desired traits and genetic diseases but cautioned breeders to be aware of the dynamics of the breeding population, characteristics of the genetic disease and limitations of genetic tests.
		Linkage tests, in which a linked marker signifies a genetic marker and a disease gene that are close together on one chromosome, are expected to become more common as the canine genome map evolves.
		If a crossover occurs between the genetic marker and defective gene, recombination occurs, meaning the marker might suggest there is a defective gene although the defective gene may no longer be present.
	www.boxerunderground.com /bu2000/abc2000/genetics.htm (1888 words)

	National Psoriasis Foundation: The role of genetics in psoriasis
		Those who have a genetic disease but don't have a family history of it, for example, may have "inherited" two genes from their father and two from their mother–neither of whom had all four and therefore never developed the disease.
		If a marker exists in families with a genetic disease, the marker and the disease gene are said to be "linked," meaning they are located quite close to each other in the genetic sequence.
		Markers have been identified on at least 11 chromosomes (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20).
	www.psoriasis.org /research/known/genetics.php (979 words)

	CERF NEWS July 1999
		This test is based on the fact that the researchers have found a set of genetic markers on the canine chromosome 9 that usually indicate the presence of the gene mutation that causes prcd (see NOTE bellow).
		These markers are groups of alleles (genes occupying corresponding sites on pairs of chromosomes) which do not cause the disease but show up in individuals that have or carry the disease (see NOTE bellow).
		If an animal tests positive for the gene marker, it may either be removed from the breeding population or test bred with a known affected dog in order to determine whether he or she is a false positive.
	www.vmdb.org /july99.html (1356 words)

	Mapping Factsheet
		A marker may be used as one landmark on a map if, in most cases, that stretch of DNA is inherited from parent to child according to the standard rules of inheritance.
		Markers can be within genes that code for a noticeable physical characteristic such as eye color, or a not so noticeable trait such as a disease.
		DNA markers are especially useful for generating genetic maps when there are occasional, predictable mutations that occur during meiosis—the formation of gametes such as egg and sperm—that, over many generations, lead to a high degree of variability in the DNA content of the marker from individual to individual.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /About/primer/mapping.html (2961 words)

	EU-Compendium: Which DNA Marker for Which Purpose? Chapter 2
		Genetic markers preceding the development of DNA markers: Since the advent of recombinant DNA technology in population genetics in the mid-1980's, the repertoire of genetic markers available for population genetic studies in a number of tree species has increased enormously.
		Until the beginning of the 1970's, the only genetic markers available in tree species were the rare morphological traits that could be shown to be controlled by alleles at a single gene locus, such as the aurea phenotype in Norway spruce (Langner 1953).
		Early attempts to interpret the relative or absolute quantities of the different monoterpenes in the resin of conifer trees (measured using gas chromatography) as genetic markers remained inconclusive due to difficulties in determining mode of inheritance and the probable dependence of their expression on environmental conditions (especially pathogen stress).
	webdoc.sub.gwdg.de /ebook/y/1999/whichmarker/m02/Chap2.htm (2356 words)

	Effectiveness of Genetic Marker Methods Report, Exposure Research, US EPA
		Genetic differences between populations of two common minnow species (central stoneroller and creek chub) were shown to be very large.
		Genetic diversity of creek chubs in the Allegheny Plateau Ecoregion is strongly associated with levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, organic carbon, and pH.
		Finally, ongoing research is aimed at evaluating the utility of long-term genetic monitoring of fish populations as an indicator of trends in the condition of aquatic ecosystems.
	www.epa.gov /nerl/research/2002/g8-3.html (1166 words)

	Marker Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Marker analysis is a genetic technique whereby the sequence of the gene is not directly analyzed, but the mutant copy (allele) of the gene is inferred through analysis of a genetic marker.
		Genetic markers are polymorphic genetic sequences, such as microsatellites or RFLPs, which allow differentiation of the chromosomal alleles.
		Marker analysis can generally be performed for under $200, while a complete screen of a gene can be several thousand dollars.
	www.uvm.edu /~cgep/Education/Marker.html (505 words)

	DNA 101
		This means that the markers of the son are identical to those of his father.
		Also known as a genetic marker, a segment of DNA with an identifiable physical location on a chromosome whose inheritance can be followed.
		The goal is to use genetic markers (here on the Y chromosome) to estimate the TMRCA, the Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA), which is how many generations the two Y chromosomes are from a common ancestor.
	blairgenealogy.com /dna/dna101.html (2575 words)

	Hemosiderosis and Iron Overload
		Genetic hemosiderosis is the term used to refer to iron overload caused by inherited genetic mutations.
		The genetic marker that causes Bantu siderosis increases the risk of iron overload, especially when excessive dietary iron is consumed.
		This has led to speculation that the genetic markers responsible for Bantu siderosis may be present in the African American population.
	www.about-blood-disorders.com /iron-disorders/hemosiderosis.php (754 words)

	DEVELOPING A GENETIC MARKER
		Heritability estimates are frequently given as a range due to the imprecision of the data, calculations, underlying assumptions, or environmental influences on a particular population under analysis.
		Loci of large effect (major genes) have been utilized in other species for the development of genetic markers to assist breeders in selecting breeding stock that are less likely to pass on the genetic disorder.
		A mapping population refers to the individuals that are screened for an association between a genetic marker and the disorder.
	www.abtc.org /health_ed/seizure1.htm (1465 words)

	Genetic Marker Doesn't Explain High Rates of Periodontal Disease in Chinese
		A genetic marker associated with periodontal disease does not play a role in its prevalence in Chinese people...
		CHICAGO — February 28, 2000 — A genetic marker strongly associated with periodontal disease does not play a role in the high prevalence of periodontal disease in people of Chinese heritage, according to a study released today in the February issue of the Journal of Periodontology.
		The study concluded that giving dental patients a genetic test, which can be performed through a saliva sample, before they even show signs of periodontal disease and getting them into early interventive treatment might help them keep their teeth for a lifetime.
	www.perio.org /consumer/genetics.htm (713 words)

	CT - Bedlington Terrier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		What was found was that over 90% of dogs that were 1/1 marker type were homozygous normal (clear) and over 90% of dogs that were affected were 2/2 marker type.
		Breeders should continue liver biopsies in 1/1 dogs to be used for breeding for the near to intermediate future because it is currently the only way to reduce the small pocket of CT associated with the 1 allele.
		Eventually, VetGen hopes to have a second genetic marker which will be useful for this situation, but even in that event biopsy data will be necessary in the beginning to get linkage phase information.
	www.vetgen.com /ctbroch.html (877 words)

	[No title]
		In the future the genotyping of SNP markers should also be both cost and time effective compared to genotyping microsatellite markers.
		Genetic map distances are dependent on rates of recombination which are known to vary across the genome.
		Errors in marker order on sequence-based physical maps can be due to problems with assembly or in-silico mapping.
	www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu /genemapping/course-baylor/class5/multmark_hand_4_28_04.ppt (505 words)

	High Incidence of a Male-Specific Genetic Marker in Phenotypic Female Chinook Salmon from the Columbia River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We report a high incidence (84%) of a genetic marker for the Y chromosome in phenotypic females sampled from the wild, which was not observed in female fish raised in hatcheries.
		This is the first report in any wild vertebrate population of a significant proportion of phenotypic females bearing a genetic marker characteristic of the male sex.
		Genetic population structure and history of chinook salmon of the Upper Columbia River.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2001/109p67-69nagler/nagler-full.html (3092 words)

	News: Genetic marker found to detect brain aneurysm - myDNA
		Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a genetic marker that may pave the way for a fast, inexpensive blood test to predict one type of deadly stroke that strikes 30,000 people in the United States annually.
		The Mayo Clinic researchers conclude that they have found the first genetic marker to help doctors identify which cases of a condition known as sporadic brain aneurysm are at highest risk for death and disability due to rupturing and subsequent bleeding into the brain.
		The Mayo researchers are the first to identify specific genetic variations or "polymorphisms" associated with an approximately 10-fold increased risk of a ruptured aneurysm.
	www.mydna.com /resources/news/200503/news_20050304_stroke.html (907 words)

	[No title]
		Genotyping of SNP markers is both cost and time effective compared to genotyping of microsatellite markers.
		High level of statistical support for marker order In most cases marker order supported by a likelihood ratio of > 3 Agreement with physical maps Due to the low number of meioses (184) used to construct the Marshfield Maps estimates of map distances are probably not very accurate.
		At this time information from both sequence-based physical and genetic maps may provide the most accurate information on marker order ¡éP“ªP“ó{q¨Problem¨óMost SNP markers* which are selected for fine mapping or even for genome scan SNPs there are no genetic maps.
	www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu /genemapping/course-baylor/2005/multmark_hand_4_27_05.ppt (671 words)

	Genetic Marker for RA Discovered
		Scientists from British Columbia, Canada, recently announced that they have identified a genetic marker that predicts the susceptibility for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and severity of disease activity.
		The genetic marker studied is within the Interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) gene.
		The practical implications of this genetic marker association don't mean that you should expect your rheumatologist to treat your RA differently.
	www.arthritis.org /resources/news/news_ragene.asp (439 words)

	Genome Glossary
		One method in which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring.
		The genetic material found in mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.
		The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
	www.ornl.gov /TechResources/Human_Genome/glossary/glossary_m.html (512 words)

	Instructions
		The database is searching for any string of characters containing your search entry, and the chances of you getting the marker designations, numbers, and spacing of more than one genotype exactly the same as the database entry are very slight.
		The marker designations in the table of results are links to these search tools.
		Simply click on the marker designation, and you will be taken to a page where you can choose to search either for strains or cosmids.
	www.ecu.edu /pseudomonas/instructionsmarker.htm (418 words)

	Food Allergy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These genetic markers should prove very useful to identify children at risk and those not at risk for food allergy.
		In addition, the genetic markers may be useful in predicting the natural history of food allergy and aiding the management of this common condition.
		There was also a specific genetic combination associated with the absence of food allergy that may represent a protective genotype.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /research/administration/ipvd/licensing/food-allergy.htm (553 words)

	SAS Genetic Marker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		SAS Genetic Marker allows drug makers to characterize genetic variability and evaluate its association with biological effects such as drug response or adverse events.
		SAS Genetic Marker helps identify problematic targets and ideal genetic profiles of at-risk patients – quickly and effortlessly – from the hundreds of genotyping results you collect daily.
		SAS Genetic Marker provides genotyping analyses in a transparent, centralized platform.
	www.sas.com /industry/pharma/gm (282 words)

	Monsanto Pledges to Donate Genetic Marker to Further Support the Better Bean Initiative
		This marker is expected to quickly accelerate the Better Bean Initiative's goal of developing a high yielding soybean variety that produces soybeans significantly lower in saturated fat.
		The low palmitic marker was identified by researchers through the use of genomics.
		"The low palmitic marker is a significant contribution to the BBI that can lead to the development of varieties that are more profitable for U.S. soybean farmers." The mission of the check-off funded Better Bean Initiative is expected to step up the development and availability of soybean seed with enhanced composition traits.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/05-04-2001/0001485876&EDATE= (805 words)

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