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Topic: Genetic testing

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	Genetic Testing Getup @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Genetic testing usually involves examining a person's DNA - taken from cells in a sample of blood or, occasionally, from other body fluids or tissues - for some anomaly that flags a disease or disorder.
		Genetic tests are performed on a sample of blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue.
		Depending on the purpose of the test, this result may confirm a diagnosis, indicate that a person is a carrier of a particular genetic mutation, identify an increased risk of developing a disease (such as cancer) in the future, or suggest a need for further testing.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Genetic_testing (2146 words)

	Disowning Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nonetheless, the advent of genetic testing appears to have provoked a resurgence of paternalistic thinking, especially in those cases where doctors can detect the genetic condition associated with a particular disease, but are as yet unable to prevent or treat that disease.
		Someone with a known genetic condition indicating a susceptibility to breast cancer might be denied a job or a promotion, or denied health or life insurance, because she is regarded as a health risk and therefore as too great an economic risk.
		Moreover, even if the results of a genetic test were negative, some people might experience the reaction commonly known as "survivor's guilt," as they contemplate the prospects of their less fortunate siblings or other relatives.
	www.puaf.umd.edu /IPPP/rw.htm (3092 words)

	Genetic Testing
		Genetic tests use a variety of laboratory techniques to determine if a person has a genetic condition or disease or is likely to get the disease.
		Genetic testing is a complex process, and the results depend both on reliable laboratory procedures and accurate interpretation of results.
		Tests also vary in sensitivity, that is, their ability to detect mutations or to detect all patients who have or will get the disease.
	www.lbl.gov /Education/ELSI/Frames/genetic-testing-f.html (662 words)

	Genetic Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Genetic testing is one of the most promising advances in medicine--and one of the thorniest.
		Tests can help a doctor make a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment; identify people at high risk for conditions that may be preventable; and help families avoid having a child with a devastating disease.
		Genetic tests have varying degrees of sensitivity (the test finds the disease-causing mutations it was designed to find) and specificity (the test finds only those mutations it was designed to find, and doesn't flag others that may be normal variation).
	www.sph.unc.edu /nccgph/phgenetics/testing.htm (2177 words)

	CNN - Health - Genetic Testing and Insurance - August 26, 1998
		Genetic testing is expensive, and in most cases can only provide limited information about the risk of disease since there are so many factors -- genetic and otherwise -- that determine who will get sick, and when.
		Since genetic tests are available for only a fraction of the diseases that likely have at least a genetic component, it is unfair to single out those people affected by the few diseases for which we now can test.
		Until a critical mass of genetic information has been discovered, and tests to assess it have been developed, it is unfair to allow the inequitable use of genetic testing to decide who should have access to insurance and what its costs should be.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/bioethics/9808/genetics.part2/template.html (636 words)

	The American Geriatrics Society - Position Statement: Genetic Testing for Late-Onset Alzheimer's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In addition, the rapid pace of genetic research and the decoding of the human genome suggests that many new genes will be identified over the next decade, a number of which could be related to late-onset disorders and common chronic diseases that affect older adults.
		As with any medical test, the decision regarding the utility of a genetic test should consider the benefits to the individual patient and the ways that a test result would modify the care that the patient would receive.
		However, the primary focus of genetic counseling and the decision-making process should be on the benefits and burdens of testing for the affected patient.
	www.americangeriatrics.org /products/positionpapers/gen_test.shtml (1362 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This test result is called a “true negative.” Having a true negative test result does not mean that a person will not get cancer; it means that the person’s risk of cancer is the same as that of the general population.
		Clinical test results are normally included in a person’s medical records, and the inclusion of genetic test results in a patient’s records may have serious implications.
		Genetic discrimination occurs when people are treated differently by their insurance company or employer because they have a gene alteration that increases their risk of a disease, such as cancer.
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/BRCA (4185 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Genetic Testing
		Genetic screening, on the other hand, is a more general search for inherited problems, to see if any exist.
		Genetic testing may look at a chemical in blood or urine that is known to be associated with a disease.
		Genetic testing is performed when a person has a pattern of physical features that suggests a specific diagnosis.
	www.healthopedia.com /genetic-testing (459 words)

	FL Dept Rev - Genetic Testing
		An administrative order for a genetic test notifies the noncustodial parent by mail of the time, date and place to appear to have the genetic tissue sample taken, and provides a copy of the mother's affidavit as an attachment.
		If the results of the genetic test exclude the noncustodial parent as the father, a case may not be filed against him.
		The costs for genetic testing will be assessed against and recovered from the alleged father if he is found to be the biological parent through genetic testing and/or is determined to be the legal father by court or through his own agreement.
	www.state.fl.us /dor/childsupport/genetic.html (461 words)

	Dubious Genetic Testing
		No studies have shown that genetic testing is as good as a simple family history or ordinary laboratory tests for determining what people should do to prevent osteoporosis or cadiovascular disease.
		Genetic variants may well influence the development of common diseases, but it is far too early to be guessing what variants affect what disease, much less to be recommending "treatment" in the form of diet and supplements.
		Genetic testing to identify alleged risk factors that have no proven corrective measures is simply a waste of money.
	www.quackwatch.org /01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/genomics.html (3368 words)

	Genetic Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Genetic testing for mutations in these genes is complex because there are hundreds of possible mutations to look for.
		Because this type of test detects all changes in a gene —; regardless of whether such changes affect the gene's function or the protein it produces — it can sometimes produce ambiguous or uninterpretable results (for example, detecting harmless variations in the genetic code, or genetic changes whose link to breast cancer is not known).
		If neither test turns up a mutation, but you have a family history of the disease, then the mutation in your family may be one that cannot be detected or may be in an unidentified susceptibility gene.
	www.genetichealth.com /BROV_Genetic_Testing_for_Breast_and_Ovarian_Cancer.shtml (1739 words)

	Genetic Testing
		They are concerned about passing on a genetic problem to their children.
		Prenatal Diagnosis is genetic testing of a fetus.
		Phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism are conditions for which testing is conducted in all 50 states.
	www.lbl.gov /Education/ELSI/genetic-testing.html (662 words)

	Genetic Testing for Huntington's Disease
		However, the testing centers do encourage you to have available either a blood sample from a family member who has HD or the results of his or her genetic test.
		Genetic testing may then be recommended as a confirmatory measure in some cases.
		It is a type of genetic testing which is often performed by a neurologist when a patient has symptoms which appear to be those generally associated with HD.
	www.lkwdpl.org /hdsa/hdtest.htm (3055 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Genetic Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
		Genetic testing is a process that looks for inherited genetic alterations that may increase your risk of certain cancers.
		If you are thinking about genetic testing, you should be informed, both verbally and in writing, about the risks of getting tested, as well as what the test can and cannot tell you.
		A person who is considering genetic testing should talk with a professional trained in genetics before deciding whether to be tested.
	www.cancer.gov /cancerinfo/genetic-testing-breast (1635 words)

	Genetic testing
		Decision of the Genetic and Insurance Committee (GAIC) concerning the application for approval to use genetic test results for life insurance risk assessment in Huntington's disease.
		The Human Genetics Commission (HGC) is the UK government's advisory body on how new developments in human genetics will impact on people and on health care.
		ACGT was established in 1996 to consider and advise UK Health Ministers on developments in genetic testing and to establish requirements to be met by suppliers of genetic testing services.
	library.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTL038923.html (497 words)

	Online NewsHour: Genetic Testing -- June 7, 2001
		In this lab tests are under way for genetic mutations that could lead to cystic fibrosis, a devastating and frequently fatal disease.
		He says the test BNF ordered to determine whether workers had the rare genetic condition was based on little more than tenuous speculation about the links between genes and the workers' carpal tunnel syndrome.
		Discrimination based on genetic factors is just as unacceptable as discrimination based on race, gender, nation original or disability, and it must stop.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/health/jan-june01/genetest_06-07.html (1801 words)

	NEJM -- Genetic Testing
		Genetic testing can be used to determine her carrier status if her affected brother has a positive test result.
		As with prenatal diagnosis for inherited genetic diseases, this
		When a genetic test fails to identify a mutation in an affected person (solid symbols), linkage analysis can sometimes be used to identify carriers (symbols with a solid center), as shown here for Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD).
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/347/23/1867 (4142 words)

	Dog Owner's Guide: BRT: Genetic testing for breeding dogs?
		Tests that are available now are x-rays to detect displaced or malformed hips, elbows, and knees; eye tests for progressive retinal atrophy; a biopsy for sebaceous adenitis; a blood test for hypothyrodism and vonWillebrand’s disease (a bleeding disorder); the BAER
		Genetic screening tests are ONE tool used by breeders to help reduce the incidence of certain problems in a breed.
		I test monthly for it by a simple urine stick test that is often used in managing diabetes.
	www.canismajor.com /dog/gscreen.html (1877 words)

	Genetic Professionals Paternity Test
		We understand that confidentiality is a concern for most of our clients choosing a home DNA test, and we take the appropriate steps to ensure complete privacy.
		Genetic Paternity Testing Professionals serves you, our client, with one gaol in mind; to provide the most accurate paternity test results in only 5 working days, and at a low cost.
		With so many new discoveries being made in genetic research, our goal is to educate and inform you so that you have the knowledge to make an educated decision about your paternity test.
	www.genetic-professionals.com (279 words)

	Genomics\|Genetic Testing
		EGAPP is a three-year model project developed by the Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention at the CDC.
		The project's goal is to support a coordinated process for evaluating genetic tests and other genomic applications that are in transition from research to clinical and public health practice in the United States.
		Includes a description of the ACCE model process for evaluating DNA-based (and related) testing for disorders with a genetic component and provides access to draft reviews and peer-reviewed publications based on the reviews.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/gTesting.htm (120 words)

	Genetic Testing
		It is sometimes hard for those who choose to be tested to understand why someone would choose not to, and vice versa, but it is important to remember that we are all different, and different people make different choices.
		Support groups and counselors, even counselors in the testing programs, can talk to you about the issues and help you decide if testing is right for you.
		About 5% of people tested test in the "gray" area and are unable to get definitive results.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /~rd13/hd/testing.html (618 words)

	Genetic Testing Sources at Reprogenetics.com
		Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis consists of the biopsy of a single cell per embryo, followed by its genetic diagnosis through different techniques...
		Related terms are guinea pg book cover, translocation of neurospora and meiosis, brochures on genetic conditions and testing, cystic fibrosis in children stool examinations, and fujifilm pg photo printers.
		Our team was the first to develop genetic testing for translocations and has now performed more than 250 cases.
	www.reprogenetics.com /genetic_testing_s.html (602 words)

	Genetic Testing
		In other genetic conditions, the course of treatment is not changed by knowing the genetic test result (For example,Huntington's Disease).
		A "carrier" of genetic disease can be diagnosed by genetic testing, this are persons who don't have the disorder themselves but have a high risk of having a child with the disorder.
		As genetic tests become available for more conditions, most of us would, with enough testing, be diagnosed as a carrier of some genetic condition.
	www.mindspring.com /~hlthdata/gentest.html (586 words)

	Paternity Testing - DNA Test By Genetic Testing Laboratory
		by the AABB as a Parentage Testing laboratory.
		to explore our testing catalog and choose the DNA tests and services that suit your needs or give us a call toll free at (866) 833-6895 today.
		Our DNA paternity tests for human identity are the most powerful available, but we offer some of the lowest prices for the highest quality paternity tests in the industry.
	www.gtldna.com (535 words)

	Genetic Testing, S0
		The science and practice of genetic testing for Huntington’s disease
		Individuals at risk for Huntington’s disease (HD) have the option of undergoing genetic testing, which detects the presence or absence of the genetic sequence that causes HD.
		The decision of whether or not to undergo genetic testing is intensely personal, with many factors to consider.
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/diagnsis/gentest/s0.html (160 words)

	UK Paternity Testing \| UK Trusted DNA Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Genetic Discovery is an international organisation providing the world with quality DNA paternity testing.
		It can be quite a task to find a reliable, trustworthy DNA laboratory when you have never had to look for one before.
		Routinely, we test 16 genetic markers and have the capability to test up to 25 markers for difficult paternity cases—more than any other laboratory performing DNA paternity tests.
	www.geneticdiscovery.co.uk (163 words)

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