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Topic: Geneva Accords on Humane Weaponry

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	Geneva Conventions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Geneva Conventions consist of four treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns.
		Second Geneva Convention "for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea" (first adopted in 1949, successor of the 1907 Hague Convention X) Third Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" (first adopted in 1929, last revision in 1949)
		Clara Barton was instrumental in campaigning for the ratification of the First Geneva Convention by the United States; the U.S. signed in 1882.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geneva_Accords_on_Humane_Weaponry (497 words)

	Bullet
		The Geneva Accords on Humane Weaponry[?] prohibit certain kinds of ammunition for use by armies.
		The bullets of sporting rifles, and particularly those of Express rifles, are often lighter than military bullets, and made with hollow points to ensure the expansion of the projectile on or after impact.
		The size and shape of the hollow in the point vary according to the purpose required and the nature of the game hunted.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bu/Bullet.html (2027 words)

	The Trebach Report
		According to the Fourth Geneva Convention, the prohibition of exiling conquered populations and settling populations from the conqueror's territory into conquered territories pertains to territory conquered in an offensive war.
		According to Eugene Rostow, one of the drafters of 242, the plain meaning of the resolution is that Israel's administration of the West Bank and Gaza Strip is completely legal until a just and lasting peace is achieved.
		According to their logic, the unilateral withdrawal, instead of being a real concession to the Palestinian demand for national self-determination, is actually aimed at distracting the world and the Palestinian leadership so that Sharon can strengthen his hold on the West Bank and continue to expand Jewish settlement there.
	www.trebach.org /mideast/o&s-m&r.html (7658 words)

	Volume TWO Chapter TWO
		According to this source, some of the wounded, irrespective of their status as combatants or civilians, men or women, were shot.
		According to the SADF, this was the biggest encounter between South African and Angolan Army forces of the entire war: 324 Angolan and Cuban troops and twenty-one South Africans were killed.
		According to Mr Pik Botha’s statement to the Commission, the movement of troops across the bridge was done with the concurrence of the Muzorewa Government.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history48q/Documents/EMBARGO/2chap2.htm (20706 words)

	Arms Control and Disarmament - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Widespread revulsion against the horrors of that conflict led to attempts in many countries to lessen the brutality of warfare by limiting combat to recognized armed forces, by formulating conventions for the humane treatment of prisoners and the wounded, and by organizing logistics to end supply by pillage.
		A convention negotiated at Geneva in 1925 banned the use of toxic gas in warfare though not its possession.
		SALT I and II In the late 1960s negotiations known as the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, or SALT, were initiated between the USSR and the United States on the regulation of their strategic (long-range) weapons arsenals.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761553064__1/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament.html (4283 words)

	Uncovered Nukes: Arms Control and the Challenge of Tactical Nuclear Weapons
		According to the Department of Defense, use of a nuclear weapon by terrorists would most likely be against either a military installation or a political target (e.g., the seat of government, large population center, or commercial port city).
		The Russian arsenal, according to some recent estimates may be as high as 20,000 weapons, while more conservative estimates are in the 4,000 to 5,000 range.
		According to Safranchuk, the conditions necessary in land combat for TNWs to be effective are “difficult to achieve in tactical nuclear combat.
	www.fourthfreedom.org /Applications/cms.php?page_id=27 (17150 words)

	Judgment of the ICTY in the Case of Delalic et al: Applicable Law Part A
		According to the approach taken, the court is enjoined to suppress the mischief and advance the remedy.
		Their provisions seek to guarantee the basic human rights to life, dignity and humane treatment of those taking no active part in armed conflicts and their enforcement by criminal prosecution is an integral part of their effectiveness.
		Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention provides for its application to all prisoners of war from the time they fall into the power of the enemy and until their final release and repatriation – this may be either before or after the end of the conflict itself.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /documents/part3A.htm (9085 words)

	AMERICA IN VIETNAM
		According to accounts that suddenly appeared on TV and in the world press last week, a company of 60 or 70 U.S. infantrymen had entered My Lai early one morning and destroyed its houses, its livestock and all the inhabitants that they could find in a brutal operation that took less than 20 minutes.
		According to the survivors, who spoke to newsmen last week at their shabby refugee camp at nearby Son My, the operation was grimly efficient.
		It was an illegal operation, in violation of military regulations and of human rights, starting with the planning, continuing through the brutal, destructive acts of many of the men involved, and culminating in abortive efforts to investigate and, finally, the suppression of the truth.
	www.angelfire.com /home/sycamorehistory/VN5.htm (13753 words)

	Kosovo -- Law and Diplomacy
		But according to Article 53 of the Charter “no enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council...” NATO and its member States are without authorization of the Security Council for the use of force against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
		According to the Military Agreement the KFOR has allowed safe withdrawal of VJ and various paramilitary groups but has not managed yet to establish secure surroundings and the peaceful life for all inhabitants of Kosovo and Metohija, which is one of its commitments envisaged by the Agreement.
		According to OSCE, the current security environment in Kosovo is characterized by the disproportionate use of force, including mortar and tank fire, by the Yugoslav authorities in response to persistent attacks and provocations by the Kosovo Albanian paramilitaries.
	www.agitprop.org.au /stopnato/20000125littmcpsuk.htm (15809 words)

	RUSSIA
		Human Rights Watch/Helsinki calls on Chechen forces carefully to evaluate their positions in Chechen villages and the potential danger they bring to civilians, to warn civilians of potential danger, and, should danger warrant, to organize and facilitate the safe evacuation of villagers.
		According to one resident, the village of Ishkoi-Yurt, a few kilometers north of Galaity and directly across the border from Dagestan, was marked for special retribution because it is the home of Sultan Geliskhanov, a leading Dudayev loyalist.
		Human Rights Watch is a nongovernmental organization established in 1978 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East and among the signatories of the Helsinki accords.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1995/Russiaa.htm (8377 words)

	Crisis of Impunity - Afghanistan's Civil Wars
		Negotiations to end the war culminated in the 1988 Geneva Accords, whose centerpiece was an agreement by the Soviet Union to remove all its uniformed troops by February 1989.
		According to one human rights researcher, in Khwajaghar, near Taloqan, 3,000 houses were systematically destroyed in July, and in Shamali, detainees were used for mine clearance.
		Human Rights Watch has conducted interviews with a range of sources familiar with the incidents in Mazar-i Sharif, including Western diplomats, journalists, and residents of the city, most of whom must remain anonymous.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2001/afghan2/Afghan0701-01.htm (7963 words)

	The laws of war and how they grew. By David Greenberg
		The resulting Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field was signed on Aug. 22, 1864, and ratified by the United States—18 years later.
		After the Geneva Convention came a series of conferences in The Hague in 1899 and 1907, which established a vastly more comprehensive body of wartime rules.
		Also adding to the burgeoning body of law were the 1925 Geneva Protocol, barring the use of poison gas and biological weapons; the 1929 Geneva Convention, improving the rules on the treatment of POWs and the wounded; and other treaties regulating the wartime use of submarines.
	www.slate.com /?id=2060816&device= (1704 words)

	Unit Ten: 1960-1990
		•GENEVA CONFERENCE, 1954: After the fall of the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu, an international conference was called in Geneva in 1954 to discuss the status of the war in Vietnam.
		The Paris Accords ended the war between the North Vietnamese government and Thieu government of South Vietnam.
		Camp David Accords: Camp David was a place where the Egyptian leader Anwar el-Sadat and the Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin came together with Jimmy Carter.
	www.course-notes.org /unitnotes/unit10.htm (12009 words)

	The laws of war and how they grew. By David Greenberg
		The 1864 accord stated that ambulances and hospitals were to be regarded as neutral; that hospital workers and patients were to be unmolested; that wounded or sick soldiers would receive medical care, regardless of their loyalties; and that the Red Cross could freely travel through combat zones to aid the wounded.
		As the Crimean and Civil wars prompted the first Geneva Convention, World War I, which saw record death tolls due to trench warfare and the use of poison gas, spurred the world to bolster what were now seen as inadequate existing rules.
		Buttressing the laws of war, alas, did not check the human instinct for savagery, as World War II and the Holocaust showed, and the war's aftermath produced a slew of efforts to stop such horrors from recurring.
	www.slate.com /id/2060816 (1704 words)

	Political Animal: Comment on The Geneva Conventions
		He said that the terrorists should be treated according to the minimal standards of decency as defined by the Geneva Conventions: he's using the Geneva Conventions as a standard.
		The point of the Geneva Conventions, as I understand it, is not to say that prisoners of war who are members of an enemy nation's army are deserving of decent treatment while nonstate enemy combatants are not, but rather that every human being deserves decent treatment, even members of an enemy nation's army.
		Affording jihadists Geneva Convention protections only tells the jihadists that their fight is legitimate in eyes of civilization and encourages them to fight on only to be given better living conditions if captured.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=9118 (13637 words)

	Letter 2 July 1992
		In a country whose human wealth lies precisely in the diversity of its population, the exclusion of significant minority political parties from decision-making regarding a matter as fundamental as the terms of a future constitution would be courting disaster.
		For the period November 1991 to June 1992, the ANC was responsible for 186 recorded breaches of the National Peace Accord and the D F Malan Accord.
		In terms of the National Peace Accord the parties agreed that no weapons or firearms may be possessed, carried or displayed by members of the general public attending any political gathering, procession or meeting.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/misc/lett2july.html (7404 words)

	Amnesty Calls U.S. Torture ‘Widespread’ \| Air America Radio
		According to Bush's signing statements, tourture is a-okay because as president, he doesn't have to enforce laws that he sees as being unconstitutional.
		As a signatory to the Geneva conventions, the U.S. is bound to treat captured enemy soldiers in accord with the treaty, irrespective of whether the enemy forces (or their nation) also observes the treaty.
		HUMAN rights organizations, as well as political and social ones, are condemning what they are calling a new form of inhumane exploitation in the United States, where they say a prison population of up to 2 million – mostly Black and Hispanic – are working for various industries for a pittance.
	www.airamerica.com /node/1986 (14622 words)

	Bullet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some blank cartridges are crimped or closed at the end and do not have any plug material.
		The Geneva Accords on Humane Weaponry and the Hague Convention prohibit certain kinds of ammunition for use by uniformed military personnel against those uniformed military personnel of opposing forces.
		Nothing in these treaties prohibits incendiary bullets(tracers) or the use of prohibited bullets on military equipment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bullet (2166 words)

	Nature, Society, and Thought, vol
		According to this, the tragedy that had just befallen the Jews was not ultimately attributable to Roman imperialism: it was, on the one hand, an original component of the divine plan of redemption, and on the other, a result of the progressive deterioration of the Jewish community.
		Just as with the Christians in the Gospel according to Mark, who turned to the Roman conquerors and proclaimed, as the situation seemed to require, that they had absolutely nothing to do with the national uprising, so too in our own time not a few Communists are doing likewise.
		Normalcy must be organized according to a variety of principles, by means of mechanisms and norms that allow for the greatest possible undisturbed enjoyment of daily events.
	webusers.physics.umn.edu /~marquit/losur134.htm (12893 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		The Secretary of Defense made clear today that he believes that the interviews conducted with them by state run Iraqi TV were violations of the Geneva Conventions.
		While these interviews, we use the term loosely, have been widely seen around the world, we at CNN will not air all of them until we are certain the families of these captured Americans have been notified.
		And the fact that they could sneak in, ambush this maintenance outfit, driving a wrecker, towing a water trailer, and then we don't know what happened to the troops, whether they were shot in the process of being captured, whether they were lined up against the wall and executed, we don't know that right now.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0303/23/se.05.html (8618 words)

	Zionism is dead
		The Jewish people did not survive for two millennia in order to pioneer new weaponry, computer security programs or antimissile missiles.
		A structure built on human callousness will inevitably collapse in on itself.
		We cannot keep the territories and preserve a Jewish majority in the world's only Jewish state - not by means that are humane and moral and Jewish.
	www.fromoccupiedpalestine.org /node.php?id=1000 (1305 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		Widespread revulsion against the horrors of that conflict led to attempts in many countries to mitigate the brutality of warfare by limiting combat to recognized armed forces, by formulating conventions for the humane treatment of prisoners and wounded, and by organizing logistics to end supply by pillage.
		In 1925, a convention in Geneva banned the use of toxic gas in warfare.
		In May 1990, Gorbachev and U.S. President George Bush approved a treaty to end production and reduce stockpiles of chemical weapons, and in July 1991 the two men signed the START I Treaty requiring both nations to reduce their strategic nuclear arsenals by about 25 percent (the treaty was ratified by both countries in 1992).
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=201507 (3010 words)

	humane - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Humane, humane : UltraLingua English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include humane: humane society, american humane association, dr hadwen trust for humane research, geneva accords on humane weaponry, hawaii humane society, more...
		Words similar to humane: humanely, humaneness, humanist, humanistic, compassionate, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=humane&ls=a (238 words)

	News no. 5252 from www.uruknet.info :: informazione dall'Iraq occupato :: news from occupied Iraq - ch
		According to Newsweek, Douglas Feith was in charge of setting policy on Iraqi detainees (28).
		The problems of peace and war, humane treatment of all racial and ethnic groups, of allocating foreign aid to those in the Third World who need it most and not to an aggressive colonial state with the 20th highest per capita income are foremost on our agenda.
		The purpose of course is to secure public acquiescence with Israeli and US Zionist crimes against humanity by presenting their actions in terms of "defensive" or "survival" tactics in the face of another holocaust-in-the-making.
	www.uruknet.info /?s1=2&p=5252&s2=01 (12111 words)

	NucNews - May 17, 2004
		According to information from DOE, these roads are not open to the public, but are used for employee access to ORNL and Y-12.
		Human Rights Watch on Thursday said his case fit a pattern and called for U.S. holding facilities in the country here to be opened to outside scrutiny.
		According to government sources, it was addressed to him, and also transmitted to Col. Marc Warren, a lawyer advising Sanchez, and Maj. Gen.
	nucnews.net /nucnews/2004nn/0405nn/040517nn.htm (20984 words)

	Opinio Juris -
		According to the report, "the United States hopes to capitalize on the 'disturbing trend of Iranian diplomacy' since Ahmadinejad's election, including the refusal to continue negotiations on the nuclear program....
		The assumption that someone boarding an aircraft as a crew member or as a passenger will presumably consent to its being shotdown, and thus in his or her own killing, in the case of the aircraftbecoming involved in an aerial incident is an unrealistic fiction..
		This Latimes summary is not quite clear for the basis of the special rapporteurs' conclusions, although it does note that the special rapporteurs have based their report almost entirely on interviews with detainees who were released from Guantanamo.
	www.opiniojuris.org /archives/archive_2006_02_12-2006_02_18.shtml (9467 words)

	CPUSA Online - Draft Program of the CPUSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The threat of nuclear war, which can destroy all humanity, grows with the spread of nuclear weapons, space-based weaponry, and a military doctrine that justifies their use in preemptive wars and wars without end.
		Some sectors of transnational capital recognize that there are problems that threaten the existence of humanity as well as their ability to maximize profits.
		Once human need replaces greed and private profit as the driving force of the economy, once working people can together make decisions about the priorities of society, once the people remove the power of the transnationals from the U.S. political system, then we can begin real, humane problem solving.
	www.cpusa.org /article/articleview/624/1/121 (17338 words)

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