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| | Genghis Khan |
 | | Genghis' father, Yesugei, khan of the Borjigin, and nephew to Ambaghai and Qutula Khan, emerged as the head of the ruling clan of the Mongols, but this position was contested by the rival Tayichi’ud clan, which descended directly from Ambaghai. |
 | | At the time of Genghis Khan's death in 1227, the empire was divided among his four sons, with his third son as the supreme Khan, but by the 1350s, the khanates were in a state of fracture and had lost the order brought to them by Genghis Khan. |
 | | Genghis Khan also created a national seal, encouraged the use of a written alphabet in Mongolia, and exempted teachers, lawyers, and artists from taxes, although taxes were heavy on all other subjects of the empire. |
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