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Topic: Genocide

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	Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), a Polish Jewish legal scholar, in 1943, from the roots genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin - occidere or cideo - to massacre).
		Genocide, as a number of other crimes of international nature is inside Finnish universal jurisdiction, but under Chapter 1, Section 12 of the Penal Code, incidents of it abroad may not be investigated unless the Prosecutor General gives an order to do this.
		Revisionist attempts to deny genocides is, in some countries, penally repressed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genocide (3390 words)

	Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 1948 and came into effect in January 1951.
		It defines and outlaws genocide, as a result of campaigning by Raphael Lemkin who had coined the term some years earlier.
		As a result, the convention excludes from the definition of genocide the killing of members of a social class, members of a political or ideological group, and that of cultural killings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide (476 words)

	[No title]
		Genocide is generally defined as the intentional extermination of a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group.
		[1] Ethnic cleansing is a euphemism for genocide.
		Various aspects of genocide and mass killing are considered, including their starting points (such as difficult life conditions and group conflict), cultural characteristics, psychological and social processes (such as destructive ideologies), the evolution of increasing violence and its effect on perpetrators and bystanders, and the roles of leaders and of internal and external bystanders.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/war_crimes_genocide.jsp (3857 words)

	genocide on Encyclopedia.com
		GENOCIDE [genocide] in international law, the intentional and systematic destruction, wholly or in part, by a government of a national, racial, religious, or ethnic group.
		The United Nations, by a convention concluded in 1949, defined in detail the crime of genocide and provided for its punishment by competent national courts of the state on whose territory the crime was committed, or by international tribunal.
		The Banality of Indifference: Zionism and the Armenian Genocide.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g1/genocide.asp (451 words)

	Convention on Genocide
		The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.
		Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in Article 3 shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction.
		Genocide and the other acts enumerated in Article 3 shall not be considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition.
	www.hrweb.org /legal/genocide.html (1022 words)

	GENOCIDE
		The word 'genocide' was coined in 1944 to name a particularly shocking and horrific crime of violence which it was then believed could never happen again.
		Genocide is not a wild beast or a natural disaster.
		Genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law.
	www.ppu.org.uk /genocide/g_genocide_intro.html (509 words)

	Genocide
		Genocide Convention Implementation Act: hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees, and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, on H.R. March 16, 1988.
		Genocide Convention: hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, on Executive 0, 81st Congress, 1st session, the Convention on Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, September 12, 1984.
		The crime of genocide: A United Nations convention is aimed at preventing destruction of groups and at punishing those responsible.
	www.preciousheart.net /Main_Archives/Crisis-Grief_Archive/24--Genocide/02--Genocide.htm (1873 words)

	Eight Stages of Genocide
		Genocide is a process that develops in eight stages that are predictable but not inexorable.
		Genocidal societies lack constitutional protection for countervailing speech, and should be treated differently than in democracies.
		Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, though sometimes informally (Hindu mobs led by local RSS militants) or by terrorist groups.
	www.genocidewatch.org /8stages.htm (1082 words)

	Frontline: The Crime of Genocide
		According to Lemkin, genocide signifies 'the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group' and implies the existence of a coordinated plan, aimed at total extermination, to be put into effect against individuals chosen as victims purely, simply and exclusively because they are members of the target group.
		Genocide is a crime on a different scale to all other crimes against humanity and implies an intention to completely exterminate the chosen group.
		But it was genocide that became the ultimate verbal stigma, a term used both to describe any thoroughly horrendous, thoroughly fascist act perpetrated by an enemy and as a rallying call for minority groups looking to assert their identity and legitimise their existence.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/dsetexhe.html (1435 words)

	Genocide by Jean-Paul Sartre Archives - Peace - Hippyland
		These massacres were genocidal in character: they aimed at the destruction of "a part of an ethnic, national, or religious group" in order to terrorize the remainder and to wrench apart the indigenous society.
		When, sometimes, a fragmented family group is freed-children with an elder sister or a young mother -it goes to swell the ranks of the subproletariat in the big cities; the elder sister or the mother, with no job and mouths to feed reaches the last stage of her degradation in prostituting herself to the GIs.
		The present genocide, the end result of the unequal development of societies, is total war waged to the limit by one side, without the slightest reciprocity.
	www.hippy.com /php/article.php?sid=90 (5802 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The case was brought by a State that had endured genocidal crimes—Bosnia-Herzegovina—against a State allegedly responsible—the former Yugoslavia—and not by other States determined to enforce the law of universal conscience on behalf of desperate victims beyond their borders.
		The definition of genocide set forth in the Genocide Convention is authoritative and has been incorporated verbatim in the statutes of the Yugoslavia and Rwanda tribunals as well as that of a permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) that will be created after sixty states have ratified the statute adopted in Rome in July 1998.
		genocide was committed in Rwanda in 1994 against the Tutsi as a group.” That the execution of this genocide “was probably facilitated by the conflict” did not negate the fact that genocide occurred.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/genocide.html (1609 words)

	Genocide:Meaning and Definition
		Genocide is generally considered one of the worst moral crimes a government (meaning any ruling authority, including that of a guerrilla group, a quasi state, a Soviet, a terrorist organization, or an occupation authority) can commit against its citizens or those it controls.
		Regardless of war or peace, the motive for genocide may be to deal with a perceived threat to the government or its policies, to destroy those one hates or envies, to pursue the ideological transformation of society, to purify society, or to achieve economic or material gain.
		"Genocide in the generic sense is the mass killing of substantial numbers of human beings, when not in the course of military forces of an avowed enemy, under conditions of the essential defenselessness and helplessness of the victims." (Israel W. Charny).
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/GENOCIDE.ENCY.HTM (6112 words)

	Genocide: Defintions and Contoversies
		Thus, the imposition of restrictions during the nineteen-sixties and seventies on reproduction in India, through forced sterilization in many instances, or the continuing restrictions in China, do not constitute genocidal policies as the intent is to restrict the size of groups, not to destroy existing groups in whole or in part.
		Members of all these groups were processed in extermination camps, were subjected to serious bodily and mental harm, and had conditions inflicted upon them intended to bring about their physical destruction, including starvation in ghettoes, and had measures applied to them intended to prevent births within the group (sterilization).
		The term genocide is of recent derivation; etymologically, it combines the Greek for group, tribe-genos, with the Latin for killing-cide.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/gendef.htm (748 words)

	OHCHR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.
		Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction.
		Genocide and the other acts enumerated in article III shall not be considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm (1037 words)

	Gendercide Watch: Rwanda
		The gender dimension of the killings is one of the least-known and least-investigated aspects of the Rwanda genocide.
		During the war of 1994, and particularly as a result of the genocidal massacres which precipitated it, it was principally the men of the targeted populations who lost their lives or fled to other countries in fear.
		The genocidal and gendercidal strategy was conceived and implemented by a small coterie of Rwandan government officials, led by the Hutu extremist Theoneste Bagosora, "a retired army Colonel who held the post of acting defense minister on the day Habyarimana was killed.
	www.gendercide.org /case_rwanda.html (4655 words)

	The international legal definition of genocide - Prevent Genocide International
		The international legal definition of the crime of genocide is found in Articles II and III of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide.
		Causing serious bodily or mental harm, prevention of births and transfer of children are acts of genocide when committed as part of a policy to destroy a group’s existence.
		But an individual criminal may be guilty of genocide even if he kills only one person, so long as he knew he was participating in a larger plan to destroy the group.
	www.preventgenocide.org /genocide/officialtext-printerfriendly.htm (1013 words)

	Editorial on Kosovo Genocide
		It was the clearest case of genocide since the Holocaust, but the United States and the rest of the world stood by without lifting a finger to stop it.
		Genocide Convention, which the United States has signed and ratified, defines the crime as: "...acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group...
		He has had ample warning of the genocide to come in Kosovo: for the past year, Milosevic has conducted a systematic campaign of murder, burnings, shelling, arrest, torture, and targeted execution of the Albanian community's doctors, political leaders, journalists, and intellectuals.
	www.glypx.com /balkanwitness/genocide.htm (640 words)

	Amazon.com: Genocide (Dr. Who Series): Books: Paul Leonard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		GENOCIDE features the return of Jo Grant and (not having read any of the Past Doctor books featuring her) I was curious as to how this character would work A) in book-form and B) being about twenty years older than last seen.
		I think the attempt to bring her back was ultimately a failure, as the role that she played in the story was not quite the character that we had come to know during the Pertwee years.
		Genocide was an original plot but Leonard failed to streamline the continuity of the story which made for mediocre structure and a poor viewpoint.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0563405724?v=glance (1895 words)

	Armenian Genocide - Armeniapedia.org
		On April 24th 1915, commemorated worldwide by Armenians as Genocide Memorial Day, hundreds of Armenian leaders were murdered in Istanbul after being summoned and gathered.
		On the 50th anniversary of the genocide, the scattered survivors of the genocide and their children around the world began commemorating the genocide on April 24th, the day which marked the start of the full-scale massacres in 1915.
		Many Armenian Genocide Monuments have been built around the world since, as well as smaller plaques and dedications.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Armenian_Genocide (1083 words)

	The Island of Genocide
		Genocide is a text-based multiuser war game (MUD) which has been online since January 1992.
		The game is connected to via the telnet remote-terminal protocol; telnet client programs are available for most any Internet-capable system (go here for more information).
		Genocide is different from almost all other MUDs in that there are no monsters to fight, only other players.
	www.geno.org (245 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Genocide by Louis Rene Beres
		In the words of the Genocide Convention, a binding multilateral treaty that codified post-Nuremberg norms and entered into force in 1951, the sorts of murderous acts long advocated by Arab leaders and terror groups qualify very precisely as genocide.
		Articles II, III and IV of the Genocide Convention are fully applicable in all cases of direct and public incitement to commit genocide.
		The Genocide Convention is not the only authoritative criminalization that should be invoked against interminable and illegal Palestinian calls for mass murder of Jews.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=9670 (789 words)

	The Unknown Genocide
		On April 24th, Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, President Bush will issue a statement mourning the state-sponsored mass killing of more than a million Armenians between 1915 and 1923 in what was then the Ottoman Empire.
		Many are the descendants of genocide survivors and have campaigned for decades to have Turkey recognize and apologize for the Armenian Genocide.
		And after battling genocide denial for so long, many Armenians are wary of scholars who urge a full reckoning with their Turkish counterparts.
	www.mojones.com /news/dailymojo/2004/04/04_534.html (1352 words)

	Human Rights
		Genocide, ethnic and cultural, has a long history. It was practiced by the Romans, whose society has served as a model for later ones. It is now mostly and conveniently forgotten that the Romans destroyed the Celtic civilization in the lands that they occupied.
		Biblical total genocide of Joshua served as a model for genocidal Hasmoneans, mass murders of Bar Kochba led to slaughter of gentiles in Yemen and Palestine, Cyprus and Alexandria.
		In the Genocide Convention of 1948, the word genocide was defined loosely, as any act "committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such." Genocidal acts included causing serious "mental harm" or inflicting "conditions of life" aimed at such destruction.
	www.serendipity.li /hr.html (6400 words)

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