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Topic: Genu valgum

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	eMedicine - Genu Valgum, Pediatrics : Article Excerpt by Peter M Stevens
		In contrast, adolescent idiopathic genu valgum is not benign or self-limiting.
		In genu valgum, as the mechanical axis shifts laterally, pathological stress is placed on the lateral femur and tibia, inhibiting growth and possibly leading to a vicious cycle.
		Often, genu valgum is observed in association with outward torsion of the femur, tibia, or both.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/byname/Genu-Valgum--Pediatrics.htm (1995 words)

	eMedicine - Genu Valgum, Pediatrics : Article by Peter M Stevens
		The criterion standard for documentation of genu valgum is a standing AP radiograph of the lower extremities, taken with the patellae facing forward.
		Genu valgum is defined by lateral deviation of the axis or deviation toward or beyond the joint margin.
		For idiopathic genu valgum, the distal femur is the preferred site of plate application, while for various skeletal dysplasias and metabolic problems, both femur and tibia may be appropriate plating sites.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic495.htm (5783 words)

	Medcyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The child then develops a degree of genu valgum which is most marked (approximately 10) in the 30 - 36-month-old child and reduces to approximately 5 by the age of 6 years with slight genu valgum persisting into adulthood.
		Symmetrical genu valgum may be idiopathic or secondary to conditions such as rickets, chronic inflammatory arthritis, or neuromuscular causes of hypotonia.
		Asymmetrical genu valgum may follow a fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in early childhood due either to malunion or tibial overgrowth stimulated by the fracture.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_vii/g/genu_valgum.aspx?p=1 (296 words)

	Genu valgum
		Genu valgum is commonly referred to as knock knees, a condition where the knees angle in and touch when the legs are straightened.
		Mild genu valgum is relatively common in children up to two years of age, and is often corrected naturally as children grow and develop.
		In addition to cosmetic concerns, adults with uncorrected genu valgum are typically prone to injury and chronic knee problems such as chondromalacia and osteoarthritis.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/medicine/Genu_valgum.php (208 words)

	genu valgum - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Genu valgum is frequently seen between the ages of 2 and 4 years.
		The degree of genu valgum is assessed by measuring the inter-malleolar gap.
		Genu valgum may present secondary to uncorrected fractures of the lateral tibial table and after a variety of paralytic neurological disorders.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1697644537.htm (231 words)

	Knee (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Genu Valgum is an outward deviation of the legs at the knee.
		The degree of genu valgum is measured by the distance between the medial malleoli (Intermalleolar distance) at the ankle when the child stands or lies down with the knees touching each other.
		Genu Varum is deformity wherein there is lateral bowing of the legs at the knee.
	www.bonetumour.org /book/aptext/chapter12/ch12_sub5.html (0 words)

	Children's Orthopaedics of Atlanta - Bowlegs, Knock-knee and Blount's Disease
		During the next year, a knock-knee (genu valgum) alignment of 10 degrees to 12 degrees develops which gradually corrects to the normal adult value of 5 to 6 degrees of valgus at about age seven years.
		Clinical assessment is often made with the legs together by measuring the distance between the knees for bowing (genu varum) and the ankles for knock knee (genu valgum) deformity.
		Treatment for significant (15 degrees to 20 degrees), physiologic genu valgum may commence as soon as one is sure that spontaneous correction is not occurring.
	www.childrensortho.com /Page2338.aspx (0 words)

	OFA: Patellar Luxation Information
		Grade 3 and 4 animals exhibit a crouching, bowlegged stance (genu varum) with the feet turned inward and with most of the weight transferred to the front legs.
		A knock-knee or genu valgum stance, sometimes described as seal-like, is characteristic.
		Also called genu valgum, this condition is usually seen in the large and giant breeds.
	www.offa.org /patluxgeninfo.html (710 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Genu valgum is a deformity affecting giant breed dogs, resulting in "knock knees." The same deformity has been recognized as a growth problem in humans experiencing disproportionate lengthening and rapid periods of growth.
		The etiology of genu valgum appears to be associated with the rapid growth phase that occurs in giant breed dogs between 4 and 6 months of age.
		There is genu valgum and degenerative joint disease of the distal femurs and proximal tibias.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_56/56mast.htm (0 words)

	Ask an Expert: Exercises for genu valgum
		asymmetric narrowing of either the outer/lateral (for genu valgum) or the inner/medial (for genu varum) knee joint space due to cartilage thinning and breakdown from arthritic degeneration during adulthood.
		In such cases of "dynamic" (as opposed to "static") genu valgum, efforts to strengthen and/or facilitate the hip abductors and external rotators, and to inhibit the hip adductors and internal rotators, may be helpful.
		Finally, an inner or outer wedge either within the shoe, or incorporated into the shoes' outsoles, may somewhat lessen the degree of genu valgum (for which a medial heel or sole wedge would be considered) or genu varum (for which a lateral heel or sole wedge could be used).
	www.netwellness.org /question.cfm/44535.htm (332 words)

	Hot Topics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Genu varum (or bow legs) is relatively common in children, and may be due to physiological bowing which corrects with growth, or rarely due to pathological genu varum which requires treatment to avoid functional and cosmetic problems.
		Physiological genu varum is normal in infants and maximal at 6 months of age, then progressing to excessive genu valgum followed by gradual correction to the normal adult valgus alignment by 5-6 years of age.
		Excessive physiological bowing is associated with early walking, and is characterised by smooth bowing of the whole limb, often with internal tibial torsion.
	www.worldortho.com /hot_topics/genu.html (0 words)

	Podiatry Arena - Does genu valgum cause the foot to pronate?
		The mechanical effects of genu valgum and varum deformities on the subtalar joint were investigated.
		Second, a kinetic gait study was performed involving 15 subjects who walked with simulated genu valgum and genu varum over a force plate and a plantar pressure mat to determine the changes in the ground reaction force vector within the frontal plane and the changes in the center-of-pressure location on the plantar foot.
		With genu valgum, it was determined that during the contact phase a subtalar pronation moment would increase, whereas in the early propulsive phase, a subtalar supination moment would increase or a pronation moment would decrease.
	www.podiatry-arena.com /podiatry-forum/showthread.php?t=1289 (1884 words)

	Genu Valgum - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle in the measurement of bowleg deformities.
		Normal limits of knee angle in white children--genu varum and genu valgum.
		Progressive genu valgum secondary to a fibrous tether at the distal aspect of the femur.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/genu_valgum (154 words)

	ASAMI web site - CLINICAL CASES page Genu
		In a post-traumatic deformity, the hinges are generally applied in the point of intersection of the axes of the bony segments concerned (and not at the level of the previous fracture) (Fig.
		We have strictly taken into consideration these principles measures for the treatment, with the Ilizarov device, of a complex post-traumatic deformity (genu valgum and partially flexum, associated to ipometry) as a result a distal femoral fracture.
		A 28 years-old man, with genu valgum of 25°, flexum of 8° and ipometry of 4,5 cm: result of malunion of a distal femoral fracture occurred at the age of 12.
	www.asami.org /clinical/clinical_detail.asp?ID_NL=6&title=Genu (888 words)

	Ask an Expert: Surgery to correct genu valgum
		The orthopedist did say the genu valgum is definitely making the symptoms of the patella femoral syndrome worse.
		Although realignment surgery for genu valgum (knock-knee) deformity can be performed for severe cases, this is a major surgery which is preferably done before bone growth has stopped.
		Although genu valgum may be contributing to your chronic knee pain symptoms, there may well be other contributing factors, which would ideally be identified and treated prior to any consideration of surgery.
	www.netwellness.org /question.cfm/37218.htm (404 words)

	Genu
		However, the word "genu" is also used in medicine as in: genu recurvatum (hyperextension of the knee), genu valgum (knock knee) and genu varum (bowleg).
		The knee (or genu, if you are into Latin) is a joint which has three parts.
		If you have a better definition for Genu than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the suggest a term option.
	www.healthdictionary.info /Genu.htm (0 words)

	of White Velvet Dreams
		Genu valgum kann während der Wachstumsperiode bei großen Hunderassen Luxationen nach lateral verursachen.
		(Genu valgum, Genu varum, Musculusquadriceps-Verlagerung, Meniskusschäden, Ruptur der Ligamenta cruciata oder -collateralia, Coxa valga, Coxa vara, Legg-Calve-Perthes-Erkrankung, arthrotische Erkrankungen, Hüftgelenksdysplasie).
		Korrektur eines Genu varum oder Genu valgum bei wachsenden Tieren (Wachstumsförderung bzw.-Verzögerung an einer Epiphysenseite, auch strikte Futterumstellung sowie Haltungs-u.
	www.whitevelvetdreams.de /patella.htm (1331 words)

	Orthopaedic cosmetology. Genu varum, limb lengthening, increase limb, height increase, genu valgum.
		Genu varum, limb lengthening, increase limb, height increase, genu valgum.
		Height increase, limb lengthening, genu varum and genu valgum treatment, elimination of defects.
		The patients who have taken advantage of services of our clinic for height increase, limb lengthening, genu varum and genu valgum treatment.
	www.ladisten.kiev.ua (66 words)

	Genu Valgum -- eCureMe.com
		In the valgum deformity, the knees are tilted toward the midline.
		The typical infant has a slight genu varum (bowleg deformity).
		A slight over-correction typically occurs, producing a slight genu valgum (knock-knee deformity) at age 3-4 years.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/Pediatrics/Genu_Valgum.asp (108 words)

	Genu Valgum - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Genu Valgum: Genu Valgum is listed as an alternate name or description for symptom Knock-knees.
		For a medical symptom description of 'Genu Valgum', the following symptom information may be relevant to the symptoms: Knock-knees (symptom).
		However, note that other causes of the symptom 'Genu Valgum' may be possible.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /symptom/genu-valgum.htm (436 words)

	IngentaConnect 47Ca turnover in endemic fluorosis and endemic genu valgum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Total Ca turnover was significantly higher in patients with fluorosis and in those with endemic genu valgum than in age-matched controls, but the external turnover of Ca was lower in both groups of patients than in controls.
		Bone mineralization rate was significantly higher in patients with fluorosis and in those with genu valgum as compared to age-matched controls.
		Total body Ca turnover and bone mineralization rates were significantly higher in patients with endemic genu valgum than in those with fluorosis.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/cabi/bjn/1979/00000041/00000001/art00005 (223 words)

	Genu valgum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the condition may continue or worsen with age, particularly when it is the result of a disease, such as rickets or obesity.
		If the condition persists or worsens into late childhood and adulthood, a corrective osteotomy may be recommended to straighten the legs.
		This page was last modified 23:43, 20 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genu_valgum (206 words)

	Bow Legs
		First, bowing or the technical term genu varum (genu = knee, varus/varum = angles in) is a part of the normal development of a child.
		By the time the child is three to four years old, he or she will normally develop a knock-kneed alignment.
		This genu valgum will then correct somewhat by the age of five to six years old, leaving the normal adult alignment of slight genu valgum (slight knock-kneed).
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Bow_Legs/bow_legs.html (0 words)

	Department of Podiatry - Paediatrics Lecture 4 - Hip, Knee and Leg Problems
		Differential diagnosis of non-correcting genu varum: - rickets, Blount’s disease, metaphyseal dysostosis, premature closure of epiphysis (eg trauma).
		Excessive pronation of the foot could be an aetiological factor in the development of genu valgum, but there is no evidence to support or contradict this hypothesis.
		When the feet are wider apart (as in genu valgum), there is a supinatory force being applied at the STJ due to frictional forces from the ground and the angle that the valgus angle that the leg has with the ground.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /podiatry/pod32psp/lecture_four.htm (0 words)

	LE RÔLE DU RECURVATUM DANS LA PATHOLOGIE FÉMORO-PATELLAIRE
		La Pathologie douloureuse fémoro-patellaire, du banal syndrôme douloureux antérieur aux accidents de luxations externes de rotule en passant par l'instabilité rotulienne occasionnelle, a été décrite comme ayant pour facteur favorisant essentiel le genu valgum, et, en deuxième lieu, le genu recurvatum.
		Cette patella alta sur genu varum nous fait encore mieux comprendre que ce n'est pas le genu valgum qui doit être tenu pour responsable de la pathologie fémoro patellaire, mais tout ce qui concourre à provoquer une patella alta, le recurvatum étant quand même l' élément le plus fréquent.
		Le genu recurvatum est bien le primum movens de la pathologie fémoro-patellaire, et, le genu valgum un facteur aggravant.
	www.maitrise-orthop.com /corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/144_baudry (6246 words)

	Genu valgum and osteoporosis in an area of endemic fluorosis. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Genu valgum and osteoporosis in an area of endemic fluorosis.
		Krishnamachari KA, Krishnaswamy K. SUMMARY: Twenty-four male patients with genu-valgum deformity drawn from an area of endemic fluorosis in Andhra Pradesh, India, were investigated clinically, radiologically, and biochemically.
		Hormones may play a part in the causation of the syndrome.
	www.slweb.org /krishnamachari-1973.html (0 words)

	Amazon.com: "genu valgum": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rule out associated rotational and angular deformities of the lower limbs, specifically genu valgum and excessive lateral tibiofibular torsion.
		The changes from genu varum to genu valgum in the second year of life represent a growth pattern rather than a functional response to gravitational stresses.
		Genu varum (bowleg) or genu valgum (knock-knee) are common findings.
	amazon.com /phrase/genu-valgum (362 words)

	Genu definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		When the knee is referred to in medicine, it is just called the knee.
		However, the word "genu" is also used in medicine as in: genu recurvatum (hyperextension of the knee), genu valgum (knock knee) and genu varum (bowleg).
		The knee (or genu, if you are into Latin) is a joint which has three parts.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8821 (426 words)

	Physiological genu varum - The Doctors Lounge(TM) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Physiological genu varum is normal in infants and maximal at 6 months of age, then they progress to excessive genu valgum (knock knees) followed by gradual correction to the normal adult valgus alignment by 5-6 years of age.
		It is caused by the natural development of the tibial-femoral angle.
		Figure 1: The natural history of the tibial femoral angle is one of considerable genu varum or bowing at birth, approximately 15 degrees.
	www.thedoctorslounge.net /pediatrics/diseases/genuvar.htm (0 words)

	Genu Varum And Genu Valgum
		Genu varum (bowleg) is normal from infancy through 2 years of life.
		The alignment then changes to genu valgum (knock-knee) until about 8 years of age, at which time adult alignment is attained.
		Criteria for referral to an orthopedist include persistent bowing beyond age 2, bowing that is increasing rather than decreasing, bowing of one leg only, and knock-knee associated with short stature.
	pediaindia.net /children_disease_dictionary/genu_varum_and_genu_valgum.shtml (161 words)

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