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Topic: Geodesy for the layman

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	Geodesy
		Geodesy is the science of measuring the size and shape of the earth and its gravitational field.
		This applies to the solid surface (orogeny; few mountains are higher than 10 km, few deep sea trenches deeper than that) as it does to the liquid surface (dynamic sea surface topography) and the earth's atmosphere.
		For this reason, the study of the Earth's gravity field is seen as a part of geodesy, called physical geodesy.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/g/ge/geodesy.html (167 words)

	Mirror for Internet Encyclopedia - Wikinfo \| Geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational Field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, Earth tides, and crustal motion) in three-dimensional time varying space.
		Geodesy is primarily concerned with positioning and the Gravity field and geometrical aspects of their temporal variations.
		In surveying and mapping, important aspects of geodesy, three general types are used: (1.) Plano-polar, in which points in a plane are defined by distance from a specified point along a Ray having a specified direction with respect to a base line;
	www.internet-encyclopedia.us /index.php/wiki.php?title=Geodesy (821 words)

	Geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy (jē-ǒ'-dǐ-sē), also called geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, earth tides, and crustal motion) in three-dimensional time varying space.
		Geodesy is primarily concerned with positioning and the gravity field and geometrical aspects of their temporal variations, although it can also include the study of the Earth's magnetic field.
		Faculty of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Geodesy.htm (3151 words)

	Geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy, also called geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurementand representation of the earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, earth tides, and crustal motion) inthree-dimensional time varying space.
		Geodesy is primarily concerned with positioning and the gravity field and geometricalaspects of their temporal variations.
		Before the satellite geodesy era, the co-ordinate systems associated with geodetic datums attempted to be be geocentric, buttheir origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the plumbline(vertical).
	www.therfcc.org /geodesy-68.html (1974 words)

	geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy, also called geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, earth tides, and crustal motion) in three-dimensional time varying space.
		Before the satellite geodesy era, the co-ordinate systems associated with geodetic datums attempted to be be geocentric, but their origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the plumbline (vertical).
		It is only because GPS satellites orbit about the geocentre, that this point becomes naturally the origin of a co-ordinate system defined by satellite geodetic means, as the satellite positions in space are themselves computed in such a system.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Geodesy.html (2063 words)

	Geodesy for the layman
		In practice, geodesy uses the principles of mathematics, astronomy and physics, and applies them within the capabilities of modern engineering and technology.
		A thorough study of the science of geodesy is not a simple undertaking.
		In the past, military geodesy was largely involved with the practical aspect of the determination of exact positions of points on the earth's surface for mapping or artillery control purposes while the determination of the precise size and shape of the earth was a purely scientific role.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/g/ge/geodesy_for_the_layman.html (273 words)

	Learn about Geodesy. Complete listing of Geodesy. Geodesy in Smartpedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy is primarily concerned with positioning and the gravity field and geometrical aspects of their temporal variations, although it can also include the study of the Earth's
		Before the satellite geodesy era, the coordinate systems associated with geodetic datums attempted to be geocentric, but their origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the
		Azimuth is the direction angle within the plane of the horizon, typically counted clockwise from the North (in geodesy) or South (in astronomy and France).
	www.smartpedia.com /smart/browse/Geodesy (2920 words)

	DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY TECHNICAL REPORT 80-003
		Geodesy for the Layman was originally published by the United States Air Force in 1959.
		The expression "figure of the earth" has various meanings in geodesy according to the way it is used and the precision with which the earth's size and shape is to be defined.
		Modern geodesy tends to retain the ellipsoid of revolution and treat triaxiality and pear shape as a part of the geoid separation (to be discussed later).
	www.ngs.noaa.gov /PUBS_LIB/Geodesy4Layman/TR80003A.HTM (5217 words)

	Geodesy
		The creation of map projections is a subject of geodesy.
		Geodesy is the field that explores the exact size, shape, and motions of the earth.
		Part of the study of geodesy are the fluctuations in strength the earth's gravitational and magnetic fields.
	surveying.wb.psu.edu /psu-surv/SURIs/geodesy.htm (304 words)

	The DMOZ Project > Science> Earth Sciences> Geomatics> Geodesy
		Geodesy for the Layman - The publication attempts to develop an appreciation of the scope of geodesy and to generate some understanding of the problems encountered in the science..
		Geodesy Group at University of New Brunswick, Canada - Research in geodesy and precision navigation.
		Geodesy Laboratory and PANGA Data Analysis Facility - They are part of a research program with the Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University..
	www.ktb.net /~pacranch/dmoz/odp.php?browse=/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geomatics/Geodesy (367 words)

	Geodesy for the layman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Webster defines geodesy as "that branch applied mathematics which determines by observation and the exact positions of points and the and areas of large portions of the surface the shape and size of the and the variations of terrestrial gravity." It a specialized application of several familiar facets basic mathematical and physical concepts.
		In the past military geodesy was largely with the practical aspect of the determination exact positions of points on the earth's for mapping or artillery control purposes.
		Geodesy for the layman (SuDoc D 5.302:G 29)
	www.freeglossary.com /Geodesy_for_the_layman (450 words)

	Search the Internet - InternetDJ.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy for the Layman - - The publication attempts to develop an appreciation of the scope of geodesy and to generate some understanding of the problems encountered in the science.
		Geodesy Group at University of New Brunswick, Canada - - Research in geodesy and precision navigation.
		Geodesy Laboratory and PANGA Data Analysis Facility - - They are part of a research program with the Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University.
	www.internetdj.com /search/search.php?browse=/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geomatics/Geodesy (404 words)

	MoneySearch.org - Unclaimed Money and Unclaimed Funds Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy for the Layman: The publication attempts to develop an appreciation of the scope of geodesy and to generate some understanding of the problems encountered in the science.
		Geodesy Group at University of New Brunswick, Canada: Research in geodesy and precision navigation.
		Geodesy Laboratory and PANGA Data Analysis Facility: They are part of a research program with the Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University.
	moneysearch.org /Top/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geomatics/Geodesy (449 words)

	☞ Internet guide - Science - Earth Sciences - Geomatics - Geodesy
		Geodesy is the study of the size and shape of the Earth's surface and the creation of theoretical mathematical models of the surface that best fits the physical data.
		Branch of US military responsible for maintaining satellite geodesy, conducting geodectic survyes, and collecting, processing, and evaluating gravity data (free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies).
		The publication attempts to develop an appreciation of the scope of geodesy and to generate some understanding of the problems encountered in the science.
	www.guide.vang.net /Guide/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geomatics/Geodesy (312 words)

	NPS OC 2902 - Geodesy Material (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It early chapters are contain some of the better general discussions of geodesy without mathematics.
		The later chapters on satellite geodesy are somewhat dated.
		The NPS Cleaned Geodesy for the Layman Table of Contents with links to the document.
	www.oc.nps.navy.mil /oc2902w/geodesy.html (347 words)

	Navtech Seminars & GPS Supply Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A revised edition of the author's Basic Geodesy, this book avoids complex formulas and equations and provides a broad overview for students and professionals who require a basic understanding of the subject.
		This book covers the entire field of satellite geodesy and is intended to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a reference for professionals and scientists in the fields of engineering and geosciences.
		The present state of geodesy is illustrated by recent examples of instruments and results.
	www.navtechgps.com /supply/books.asp?Line=geodesy (760 words)

	Geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Galileo's method of determining longitude by observing the eclipses of Jovian satellites heralded a revolution in navigation, geodesy and cartography in the...
		Korea, Japan hold annual meeting for cooperation in geodesy...
		"This demonstration opens the door for both significant advances in radio astronomy and geodesy as well as establishes a foundation on which the global...
	geodesy.wikiverse.org (2101 words)

	Learn more about Geodesy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Learn more about Geodesy in the online encyclopedia.
		Enter a phrase or search word in the box below.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ge/geodesy.html (221 words)

	National Geodetic Survey: What We Do
		Geodesy On NOAA's National Ocean Service web site, you will find two sections devoted to learning about geodesy: an online tutorial and an educational roadmap to resources.
		Geodesy, Imagine the Possibilities A brochure (in pdf format) explaining the role of geodesy in contemporary America.
		Geodesy for the Layman A "classic" report which presents the basic principles of geodesy in an elementary form.
	geodesy.noaa.gov /INFO/WhatWeDo.shtml (299 words)

	Geodesy for the Layman
		Celestial methods in geodesy involves the determination of an observer's position from observations of the moon, stars and satellites.
		Satellites also permit a determination of the shape of the earth and provide important knowledge of its gravitational field (discussion of satellite geodesy is reserved for Chapter VI).
		One method based on Stokes' Theorem is mentioned in the discussion of physical geodesy (Chapter V).
	www.floridageomatics.com /publications/gfl/chapter-three.htm (2582 words)

	ACSM.NET - AAGS - AAGS Recommended Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy for the Layman by R. Burkard (NOAA Reprint December 1983)
		Geodesy - The Concepts by Petr Vanicek and Edward J. Krakiwsky (North-Holland Publishing 1982)
		Physical Geodesy by Weikko A. Heiskanen and Helmut Moritz (W. Freeman 1967)
	www.acsm.net /aags/aagsbooks.html (539 words)

	Geodesy definition - info description meaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Geodesy, also called geodetics, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the
		Strang and Borre's 'LINEAR ALGEBRA, GEODESY AND GPS' This is an interesting, gently accelerating and useful book on geodesy and GPS that concentrates on space geodetic concepts and algorithms and on the underlying linear algebra.
		Here we define some basic observational concepts, like angles and coordinates, defined in geodesy (and astronomy as well) from the viewpoint of the local observer.
	www.definition-info.com /Geodesy.html (2811 words)

	DigiSeek results for Geodesy
		UNB's Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering is a world class centre for the study of computer mapping, spatial information management and GIS,...
		The aim of Marine Geodesy is to stimulate progress in ocean surveys, mapping, and remote sensing by promoting problem-oriented research in the marine...
		The publication attempts to develop an appreciation of the scope of geodesy and to generate some understanding of the problems encountered in the science.
	www.digiseek.com /texis/open/search?ss=d&q=Geodesy (305 words)

	NGA: GEODESY FOR THE LAYMAN
		In the geosciences, a commonly used form of harmonics are the surface spherical harmonics.
		These functions are much used in geodesy because they are relatively simple to use and because the earth's shape can be approximated by a sphere.
		The coordinates normally associated with spherical harmonics are the spherical coordinates: radius r, co-latitude or polar distance (Theta), and longitude (Lambda).
	earth-info.nga.mil /GandG/publications/geolay/TR80003F.html (2686 words)

	GS873 - Adv. Satellite Geodesy
		Theory and applications of satellite geodesy with emphasis on studying the Earth dynamical processes from space using techniques including precision orbit determination, force and measurement modeling and parameter recovery and measurements collected by Earth-orbiting satellites, including satellite altimetry and spaceborne gravimetry.
		Geophysical Geodesy, The Slow deformations of the Earth, Oxford University Press, 1998.
		Parke, M. Stewart, and D. Farless, On the Choice of Orbits for an Altimetric Satellite to Study Ocean Circulation and Tides, Journal of Geophysical Research, V 92, NO. C11, 1987.
	geodesy.ceegs.ohio-state.edu /course/gs873 (385 words)

	Geodesy for the layman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This text is taken from chapter 1 of the public domainresource Geodesy for the Layman at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/Geodesy4Layman/TR80003A.HTM#ZZ0 -- please Wikify as necessary.
		In the past, military geodesy was largely involved with the practical aspect of the determination of exact positions of pointson the earth's surface for mapping or artillery control purposes.
		The determination of the precise size and shape of the earthhad a purely scientific role.
	www.therfcc.org /geodesy-for-the-layman-27391.html (160 words)

	PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway: Search/Browse Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		IERS was established in 1987 by the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and it began operation on 1 January 1988.
		This is the website of the Satellite Geodesy Research Group based at the Cecil H and Ida M Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego.
		This is the Web page of the Space Geodesy Research Division, part of the Geography and Crustal Dynamics Research Center, which is part of the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI), a surveying and mapping organisation of the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /roads/cgi-bin/psibrowse.pl?toplevel=earth&limit=0&subject=526.1 (1821 words)

	Geodetic Datum Overview
		Modern geodetic datums range from flat-earth models used for plane surveying to complex models used for international applications which completely describe the size, shape, orientation, gravity field, and angular velocity of the earth.
		While cartography, surveying, navigation, and astronomy all make use of geodetic datums, the science of geodesy is the central discipline for the topic.
		In western geodesy the equator, the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and then lines of latitude and longitude were used to locate positions on the earth.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/gcraft/notes/datum/datum.html (1532 words)

	geodesy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is an interesting, gently accelerating and useful book on geodesy and GPS that concentrates on space geodetic concepts and algorithms and on the underlying linear algebra.
		A reprint of this book is long overdue because I know several people who have a crumpled photocopy of the original addition and many others who have searched for a used copy without success.
		The final chapters are concerned with modeling observations used to track satellites, using the observations to estimate the true motion of the satellite, and estimating geodetic information from the motion of the satellite.
	geodesy.idoneos.com (617 words)

	Geodesy for the layman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Actually, geodesy isn'thing new having been around for centuries.
		A thorough study of the science of geodesy isn't a simple undertaking.
		It uses material from the wikipedia article Geodesy for the layman.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ge/Geodesy_for_the_layman.html (319 words)

	PSMSL - Geodesy, GPS and Other Useful Materials
		Other information, mostly for geodesy professionals, may be obtained via the web page of the International Association of Geodesy.
		GPS is used in conjunction with tide gauges in order to separate vertical land movements from the 'real' sea level variations contained within the records of 'relative' sea level change recorded by the gauges.
		The file is based on lecture notes by Professor Charles Merry of the University of Cape Town at the 1998 GLOSS Training Course at UCT.
	www.pol.ac.uk /psmsl/training/geodesy_etc.html (536 words)

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