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Topic: Geographical pole

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	Geographical pole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A geographical pole is either of two fixed points on the surface of a spinning body or planet, at 90 degrees from the equator, based on the axis around which a body spins.
		These should not be confused with magnetic poles, which can also exist on a planet.
		For general information on poles and how they are defined, see the North Pole article.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geographical_pole (163 words)

	Geographical pole Summary
		The southern magnetic pole is displaced hundreds of miles away from the southern geographic pole on the Antarctic continent.
		Although fixed by the axis of rotation, the geographic poles undergo slight wobble-like displacements in a circular pattern that shift the poles approximately six meters per year.
		The magnetic poles are not stationary and undergo polar wandering.
	www.bookrags.com /Geographical_pole (717 words)

	Pole
		The poles of the Earth, or other planet, are the points where its axis of rotation passes through its surface.
		The celestial poles are the ends of the celestial sphere.
		A pole is also a unit of length, also called a rod, equal to 5.5 yards or 16.5 feet (5.029 meters in SI units), see pole (length).
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/pole.html (207 words)

	South Pole FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The geographical South Pole (90 degrees South) is labeled at the bottom of the image, and there are two other parts of the station not shown; the clean air sector and the dark sector.
		This pole is at 90 degrees South Latitude, and is one of the two points on the earths surface where all of the lines of longitude meet.
		The experiments done at the South Pole are very diverse, and range from using the polar plateau as a platform to look into space, to looking at the air and environment around the South Pole, to using the ice sheet as a collection tool (for meteorites, sub-atomic particles, or transmission of earthquake waves).
	adelie.harvard.edu /ed/FAQ.html (4756 words)

	Magnetic Poles
		The realization that the poles of a suspended magnet always move to a definite position gives an indication that the opposite poles of a magnet have opposite magnetic polarity.
		The north pole of a magnet will always be attracted to the south pole of another magnet and will show a repulsion to a north pole.
		The ability of the north pole of the compass needle to point toward the north geographical pole is due to the presence of the magnetic pole nearby.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book1/chapter1/1g.htm (552 words)

	The Antarctic Sun: Pole marker
		A sign identifying the marker as the geographical South Pole and featuring famous quotes by historic explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott was moved by surveyors Jack Giacalone and Kurt Skoog, who performed some of the preparatory work, including digging the holes for the sign the day before the ceremony.
		The geographic Pole - the one at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station that is relocated every year - marks the bottom of the world at 90 degrees south.
		The third is the geomagnetic South Pole, the center of the auroral oval.
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /oldissues2002-2003/Sun010503/polemarker.html (1334 words)

	Talk:Geographical pole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There seem to be distinction between a geographic pole and a rotational pole made in the articles North Pole, Universal Time, and polar motion, but this article as it stands essentially defines them to be the same thing.
		Apparently the north rotational pole has wandered maybe 20 m or so since 1900 in relation to the surface of the earth.
		Which frame of reference is used for "geographical pole" refer to in various contexts?
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Geographical_pole (125 words)

	Earth's North Magnetic Pole - Positive or Negative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A north pole is reckoned as positive (+) and a south pole as negative...
		The N seeking pole of a compass needle will be repelled by the N marked pole of an English or German bar-magnet, and will be attracted by the N marked pole of a French magnet.
		Note that since the north pole of the magnet is attracted to the south pole of another magnet, the Earth's geographic north is actually a magnetic south.
	edhiker.home.comcast.net /North_Pole_Positive_or_Negative.html (515 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		(The first of these pole markers was places with the sun at that azimuth.) And an eight foot rod is used on top of a six foot tripod, because together they cast a shadow that is the right length for the rate that the ice is moving each year.
		The pole has a decorative plaque on top, which was protected from our pounding by some bubble wrap and a small block of wood held on with rubber bands.
		After everyone had had their picture taken pounding on the pole, somebody finished pounding it in the rest of the way, and the protective wood was removed.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /antarctica/background/cara/movpole.html (748 words)

	Origins: Antarctica: Field Notes: Welcome to the South Pole
		There’s a tradition for anyone visiting the South Pole to get what’s known as the "hero shot." The location for the hero photo is not far from the geographical South Pole, where all lines of longitude meet at the southern most part of the globe at 90 degrees south.
		The altitude makes is tough for newcomers to move around without losing their breath, so our first few days at the pole we took it easy, drank lots of water, and tried to rest in between taking tours and getting acquainted with the people and science of this remarkable place.
		The ceremonial pole is a simple re-and-white striped pole with a reflective ball on top, surrounded by the flags of the countries that were original signatories of the Antarctic treaty.
	www.exploratorium.edu /origins/antarctica/fieldnotes/1_3spole.html (501 words)

	South Pole Expedition 1998 - Trip Summary
		The objective of this expedition is the performance of a safe insertion of 30 to 50 experienced skydivers from many nations and all walks of life onto the Southern Geographical Pole to recreate the first parachute jump from a hot-air balloon.
		The stay at the South Pole will be a total of 24 hours at which time the expeditioners will begin leaving in several flights of Mi-8 helicopters back to the forward staging area of Mt. Lechner then on to Patriot Hills to meet the An-74 Aircraft for the flight back to Punta Arenas and Santiago.
		The South Pole experiments combine the cold weather shock of freefall with the high-altitude/low-pressure of the Southern Polar Plateau to gather invaluable data that cannot be replicated in laboratory sessions.
	www.skypole.ru /SouthPole/SPEX/HTMLs/sp_summary.html (957 words)

	TEA: Tedeschi- -- 12.15.1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As I mentioned in an earlier journal entry, using a compass isn't very helpful because the geographic pole and the magnetic pole are not at the same location.
		At McMurdo Station we are 12 degrees north of the pole.
		At the geographical pole, you would be 0 degrees north and the sun would be 23 degrees above the horizon at both noon and midnight.
	tea.armadaproject.org /tedeschi/12.15.1996.html (321 words)

	Trip to the North Pole : A Difficult Target \| How Many North Poles?
		The Geographic North Pole, also known as True North, is approximately the northern point at which the Earth's axis of rotation meets the surface.
		The Geomagnetic North Pole is the northern pole of the Earth's geomagnetic field's dipole moment.
		In Christmas stories, the North Pole is sometimes regarded as the place where the mythical Santa Claus lives, and where his workshop is located.
	www.seed.slb.com /en/scictr/watch/north_pole_pt/poles.htm (315 words)

	The Antarctic Sun
		Every January a new South Pole marker is hammered into the snow at the precise location, which is almost immediately wrong because the ice sheet underneath it is grinding along at a rate of roughly 10 meters (30 feet) each year, or about an inch every day.
		While the magnetic poles are a big attraction for a compass needle, belt buckles, ferrous mountains and the occasional continent can all distort the magnetic field.
		Another method to find the magnetic poles is by measuring the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at observatories around the world, and then computing the pole locations mathematically.
	antarcticsun.usap.gov /oldissues2000-2001/2000_1224/sosframe.html (1066 words)

	Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use - G
		The geographical position of the sun is also called the subsolar point, of the moon the sublunar point, and of a star the substellar or subastral point.
		That pole in the Northern Hemisphere (latitude, 78 1/2 degrees N; longitude, 69 degrees W) is designated north geomagnetic pole, and that pole in the Southern Hemisphere (latitude, 78 1/2 degrees S, longitude, 111 degrees E) is designated south geomagnetic pole.
		The expression geomagnetic pole should not be confused with magnetic pole, which relates to the actual magnetic field of the earth.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/dictionary/g.html (5751 words)

	THE LAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		South Pole- Located at 90 degrees S and in a longitude that could not be described (all the longitude lines meet here), this pole is no doubt a geographical pole of the Earth, where the Earth's axis meet its surface.
		South Magnetic Pole- The Earth could be described as a big magnet, and this pole is where the compass needle points to as its South (in Southern Hemisphere only).
		South Geomagnetic Pole- Although Earth is a magnet, the North and South magnetic poles are not in a symmetrical position unlike a bar magnet.
	library.advanced.org /28779/pole.html (252 words)

	At Large (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is always bright day outside at the pole now, the sun overhead, circling around and around and around this spot at the bottom of the world, hardly dipping, never setting.
		It is the beginning of summer at the South Pole, and it is minus 75.1 degrees Fahrenheit.
		At the ceremonial pole, the flags slap in the wind and add stunning color to the all white landscape.
	www.yourexpedition.com /bae_archive/pages/cele_atlarge.html (1474 words)

	THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART I: ATMOSPHERICS: 4.Magnetism and Axial Tilts
		In the north, the pole is just south of King Chirstian Island (1980, 77°19 N; 101°49W) and is moving north by 24.4 km per year and west by 5.4 km per year [1].
		One important off-shoot of this enthusiastic age of magnetic pole discovery is the belief that the discovery of a new magnetic pole means that a new geographic pole has been discovered.
		A shift in a true geographic pole (as opposed to a purely celestial or sidereal tilt) must involve a shift in the axis of rotation, the worst kind of disaster.
	www.quantavolution.org /vol_04/lately_tortured_earth_04.htm (6589 words)

	Trip to the North Pole : A Difficult Target \| History
		Peary's account of a direct straightline journey to the pole and back - the only thing that might have allowed him to travel at such a speed - is contradicted by his assistant, Henson, whose account speaks of tortured detours to avoid pressure ridges and open leads.
		Still, in 2005, British explorer Tom Avery completed his trek to the pole in 36 days, 22 hours and 11 minutes using 16 dogs and pulling two sledges which were replicas of those used by Peary, showing that Peary’s prowess was not impossible.
		The first undisputed sighting of the pole was in 1926 by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, who also was the first person to reach the geographical South Pole.
	www.seed.slb.com /en/scictr/watch/north_pole_pt/history.htm (525 words)

	Brain "push-ups" - Magnetic fields, etc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The north and south poles of a compass needle are so named because they seek the north and south geographical poles of the Earth, respectively.
		If the north and south geographical poles of the Earth were marked by wooden posts and we had to paint on them the type of pole then the post near the north geographical pole would have an "S" on it and the post near the south geographical pole would have an "N" on it!
		Since the like poles of two different magnets repel each other and the dissimilar poles of two different magnets attract each other, we can conclude that in both arrangements, the electromagnet is repelled from the permanent magnet at the right.
	www.fau.edu /~jordanrg/push-ups_29/answers_5.htm (1045 words)

	North Pole Expedition list 2003
		Their mind are set on one thing reaching the North Pole and doing it unsupported.
		French explorer Dominick Arduin is attempting to conquer the geographical North Pole this spring as she sets out on March 5 from Cap Arktichevsky, Russia.
		Ben now thinks he is ready for the real challenge doing the three poles in one year starting with North Pole in 2004.
	www.thepoles.com /page/explist2003arctic.htm (1367 words)

	Workbook Exercise 13: A One Inch Window
		At the South Pole, I wander out from the huge silver dome, into the searing white light of the late afternoon.
		The survey marker is about three feet high, a metal pole atop with sits a thick, gold-colored disc imprinted with an image of the Antarctic continent itself.
		January 1, 1997." The marker is dated because the ice at the Pole shifts each year, up to about 30 feet, and the exact location of the Pole has to be replotted each January first.
	litsite.alaska.edu /uaa/workbooks/legler13.html (531 words)

	UFO Area The Hollow Earth
		The true Pole is the exact center of the opening at the Poles, which, consequently, do not really exist, and those who claimed to have discovered them did not tell the truth, even if they thought they did, having been misled by the irregular action of the compass at high latitudes.
		The reason why the magnetic and geographical poles don't coincide is because, while the magnetic pole lies along the rim of the polar opening, the geographical pole lies in its center, in midair and not on solid land.
		The geographical pole is an extension of the Earth's axis and since this runs through the center of the polar opening, it exists in empty space - hence can never be "discovered" by any explorer, since it is not on solid land.
	www.ufoarea.com /hollow_bernard.html (16384 words)

	Exploration and Awards - The Geographical Society of Philadelphia
		Goals of the Society from its inception included the promotion of geographical studies, the interchange of experiences of travel, the recording of discoveries, and the presentation of research by means of lectures.
		Frank of Philadelphia and was executed under the direction of a committee of the Geographical Society.
		We broadened the term “geographic exploration” at the beginning of the twenty-first century to include both scientific and ecological activities.
	www.geographicalsociety.org /exploration.html (931 words)

	Scientists Solve Mystery of Mars' Off-Center South Pole - Planetary News \| The Planetary Society
		For more than 150 years, astronomers and sky watchers have noticed that Mars' south pole is off center, and Mariner 4 confirmed it in the mid-1960s with the first close-range images of the Red Planet.
		But why the cap is offset from its geographical pole has remained an enigma all these years -- until two summers ago when a group of planetary observers and theoreticians decided to take on the challenge at the first annual Mars Polar Atmospheric Interactions Workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
		Weather generated by the two Martian regional climates east and west of the pole create conditions that cause the Red Planet's southern polar ice to freeze out into a cap, the center of which lies about 93 miles [150 kilometers] from the actual, geographical south pole, the team reported.
	www.planetary.org /news/2005/0531_Scientists_Solve_Mystery_of_Mars.html (1328 words)

	How to read the ID tags on BC Hydro Poles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Located at or near the base of the pole, these tags are a great radio resource -- they provide what appears to be very accurate longitude and latitude data.
		The lower line of numbers further pinpoints the pole's geographical position for BC Hydro.
		To test the accuracy at another location, Earl has checked the pole at his QTH and once again the pole tag data is accurate when compared to the GPS readings.
	www.bcdxc.org /hydro_poles.htm (274 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Ernest Shackleton
		Shackleton, Adams, Marshall and Wild would head south for the Pole, a 1700-mile trek; Edgeworth David (aged 50) would lead the Northern Party on a 1260-mile journey towards the South Magnetic Pole, with Mackay (aged 30) and Mawson (aged 26) as teammates.
		As they neared the magnetic pole, David wrote, "The heavy runners of the sledge rustled gently as they crushed the crystals by the thousand".
		As for Shackleton and the South Pole crew, their journey began at 10 am, under a cloudless sky with the wind at their backs, on October 29, 1908.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000097.htm (6267 words)

	Magnetic Poles by Karl Lozier
		Seemingly compasses were first documented in China in the eleventh century and in Europe during the twelfth century and were used commonly as a navigation instrument in the fourteenth century.
		The most recent survey, completed in May 2001, determined the updated position for the Pole and established that it is moving approximately northwest at 40 kilometers per year.
		The creation of a magnetic South Pole exactly where the geographical South Pole is located would solve a number of problems and everything concerned would be referenced to the perfectly placed nonmoving magnetic South Pole.
	www.enjoythemusic.com /magazine/viewpoint/0403/magneticpoles.htm (943 words)

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