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	Geography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, an influential study by Michael Watts argued that famines in the Sahel are caused by the changes in the region's political and economic system as a result of colonialism and the spread of capitalism.
		Geographers studying hazards are interested in both the dynamics of the hazard event and how people and societies deal with it.
		Geographic qualitative methods, or ethnographical; research techniques, are used by human geographers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geography (1477 words)

	TMEP Section 1306.02, Certification Marks Which Are Indications of Regional Origin (BitLaw)
		A geographical term may be used, either alone or as a portion of a composite mark, to certify that the goods originate in the particular geographical region identified by the term.
		When geographical terms are used in composite certification marks to certify regional origin, the terms should not be required to be disclaimed, nor should they prompt refusal of registration of the composite marks, on the ground that the marks are geographically descriptive.
		When a geographical term is used as a certification mark, two elements are of basic concern: first, preserving the freedom of all persons in the region to use the term and, second, preventing abuses or illegal uses of the mark which would be detrimental to all those entitled to use the mark.
	www.bitlaw.com /source/tmep/1306_02.html (1000 words)

	Geographical Indications
		Geographical indications are defined as "indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographic origin."
		A geographical term may be used, either alone or as a portion of a composite mark, to certify that the goods/services originate in the particular geographical region identified by the term.
		Therefore, a geographical name may be registered as a certification mark even though it may otherwise be primarily geographically descriptive and hence unregistrable as a trademark in the absence of secondary meaning.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/dcom/olia/globalip/gi_faq.htm (2211 words)

	What is a Geographical Indication? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A geographical indication is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that place of origin.
		Geographical indications are protected in accordance with national laws and under a wide range of concepts, such as laws against unfair competition, consumer protection laws, laws for the protection of certification marks or special laws for the protection of geographical indications or appellations of origin.
		If a geographical term is used as the designation of a kind of product, rather than an indication of the place of origin of that product, this term does no longer function as a geographical indication.
	www.wipo.int /about-ip/en/about_geographical_ind.html (806 words)

	faq article
		A geographical term referring to the islands off the north-west coast of continental Europe, including the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, groups such as the outer and inner Hebrides, Shetlands and Orkneys, and countless others.
		Geographically the Faeroes (which belong to Denmark) might be regarded as part of the archipelago, but from an English usage standpoint they are not generally included in the term.
		This is a both a geographical term referring to the island on which the greater parts of England, Wales and Scotland are situated, and a legal one referring to those three territories considered together.
	www.yaelf.com /aueFAQ/faquk.shtml (3207 words)

	Eesti Patendiamet
		The term 'geographical indication' thus covers indications which show that the good or service originates from a particular geographical area and an essential quality-related connection exists between the good or service and the place where it is produced or rendered.
		The registration of a geographical indication may be applied for by the producer, processor or preparer of the good or renderer of the service, an association of such persons or consumers, or a competent administrative agency of the country of origin of the good or service.
		A geographical indication is granted legal protection by registering the geographical indication in the state register of geographical indications and the corresponding announcement is published in the Official Gazette of the Patent Office.
	www.epa.ee /default.asp?id=485 (1183 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Rhineland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 (formally ending World War I) the occupation was continued.
		The treaty specified three occupations Zones, which were due to be evacuated by Allied troops five, ten and finally 15 years after the formal ratification of the treaty, which took place in 1920.
		In the official histories of the British and Canadian armies, the term Rhineland refers only to fighting west of the river in February and March 1945, with subsequent operations on the river and to the east known as "Rhine Crossing".
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Rhineland (1425 words)

	I. DEFINITIONS AND RELATED TERMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Due to the difficulty of having a specific term related to this concept, the WTO Secretariat, while summarizing the responses to the checklist of questions posed to Members in relation to the protection of geographical indications, has "invented" a new term.
		The concept of "geographical indication" is relatively new and was first introduced by WIPO during the discussions of a treaty for the international protection of names and symbols which indicate a certain geographical origin of a given product.
		In between is the term "geographical indication" which is necessarily a name of a geographical place, it could be a symbol.
	www.southcentre.org /publications/geoindication/paper10-03.htm (2594 words)

	007 Pa. Code § 1.271. Specific requirements and prohibitions for labels.
		A geographical term, however, which has come into general usage as a trade name and which has been approved by the Department as being a generic term may be used without such qualifications.
		(ii) the term “farm” may be used as part of a brand designation when qualified by the word “brand” in the same size and style of lettering, and followed with a statement identifying the locality in which the product is prepared.
		(11) The term “meat” and the names of particular kinds of meat, such as beef, veal, mutton, lamb and pork, shall not be used in such manner as to be false or misleading.
	www.pacode.com /secure/data/007/chapter1/s1.271.html (1286 words)

	Balkan Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term Balkan commonly connotes a connection with violence, religious strife, ethnic clannishness and a sense of hinterland.
		Initially it was a purely geographical term, and referred to the mountainous regions of modern Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania and Greece.
		The use of this term to mean the Balkan peninsula (and only that) technically ignores the geographical presence of northern Romania and Ukraine, which are also located in the southeastern part of the European continent.
	www.balkans.mehedinti.info (2331 words)

	TMEP Section 1211.01, 'Primarily Merely a Surname' (BitLaw)
		However, the fact that a term is shown to have some minor significance as a geographical term will not dissipate its primary significance as a surname.
		Regardless of the rarity of the surname, the test to be applied in the administration of §2(e)(4) is whether the primary significance of the term to the purchasing public is that of a surname.
		The surname significance of a term is not diminished by the fact that the term is presented in its plural or possessive form.
	www.bitlaw.com /source/tmep/1211_01.html (1744 words)

	Augmenting thesaurus relationships: Tudhope et al.: JoDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These terms could well be relevant to broader information needs or to situations when the initial thesaurus entry term was mismatched (for example, when an information need related more to tool use than weapons).
		Terms, such as machetes and hatchets from the Tools and Equipment hierarchy, were excluded when narrowly filtering on the hierarchy but are now included.
		An explicit representation of the semantic category of a term from a standard set of categories would be valuable to the new application areas, mentioned in the introduction to section 5, which seek to process thesaurus-based metadata automatically.
	jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk /Articles/v01/i08/Tudhope (8235 words)

	Primary Source : Library : Teacher Created Curriculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In Part II, students engage in open-ended thought questions and discussion to consolidate understanding of terms and to encourage students to explore the connections between geographical givens and the development of human culture and history.
		The three Groups discuss terms from the "Geographical Term Sheet" to establish understanding and read the excerpt on highlights of Chinese geography.
		Groups come back in "teams" to play "Fill in the Geographical Blanks." Leader of each group writes three of their sentences on the board with a blank for the geographical term.
	www.primarysource.org /library/tcus/geog_hist/toc.htm (729 words)

	What is Wrong with "Hindu"?
		Moreover, "Hindu" was a catch-all term which included traditions considered deviant or non-Vedic by the Arya Samaj (esp. Puranic, Tantric); in the 1881 census, the Arya Samaj even advised its members to register as non-Hindus.
		He too tried to give a positive meaning to the term "Hindu", and sought it in people's degree of rootedness in the Indian territory: a Hindu is one for whom India is both "fatherland" and "holyland".
		These terms, in contrast to "Arya" or "Vedic" or "Sanatana Dharma" (which are not used in the quoted BJS and BJP programmes either), are not synonyms of "Hinduism", but purely geographical terms.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /books/bjp/section3.html (2702 words)

	CIPR Activities - Conferences
		Article 24, paragraph 6 focuses on generic terms whereby a WTO member state is not required to protect a GI if such term is already a generic term for other types of commonly used names such as a grape variety name.
		“Geographic Indications (G.I.) are… indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin”.
		Geographical indications are, for the purposes of this Agreement, indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.”
	www.cipr.org /activities/conferences/june2000/lakert.htm (5113 words)

	[No title]
		Thompson argues, however, that the geographical limitation is contained within the term "competing," thus precluding Nobles-Hamilton from opening a store or being employed at a store that would compete with Health Wise for the same customer base.
		She argues that the noncompetition agreement is void because it does not have a geographical limitation and that, in supplying such a limitation in the order issuing the injunction, the trial court impermissibly supplied a term missing from the parties' contract, in essence, creating for the parties a contract that did not exist.
		The lack of the geographical restriction was not remedied by the trial court's insertion of such a restriction in its injunction.
	www.birminghambar.org /data/SlipOpinions/CivApp/2010740j.htm (1928 words)

	Translation of Geographical Names
		As a biologist, I was surprised to find out that I still could not be oblivious to the translation of geographical terms, for many animal and plant species, as well as illnesses and pathological entities, are known by the place where they were initially observed or described.
		It is sort of rule of thumb that when the translation of a geographical entity is not available, or it is not known to the translator, the best solution is to keep the place's name in its original language.
		Sometimes, though, a geographical term that is comfortably transferred into a given language, may need to be adapted or translated when rendering it in another.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article100.htm (4765 words)

	History and Development of Xinjiang (Part 4)
		By the 18th century, the geographical concept of “Turkistan” was already very vague, and almost nobody used it again in the historical records of the time.
		In the early 19th century, with the growing colonial expansion of the imperialist powers into Central Asia, the geographical term “Turkistan” was revived.
		In 1805, Timkovsky, a Russian, used the term “Turkistan” again in a diplomatic mission’s report to describe the geographical position of Central Asia and the Tarim Basin in China’s southern Xinjiang.
	www.china-embassy.org /eng/zt/zfbps/t36558.htm (422 words)

	AUE: Britain/Great Britain/United Kingdom &c: Some Common Confusions
		As used by geographers, the second largest island of the British Isles.
		From 1922 to 1937 it was called the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann), a term still used by some but now carrying political overtones and therefore to be avoided except in historical contexts.
		Neither term is recommended; they may give offence, and they are inaccurate, since the northernmost point of the island is in County Donegal, in the Republic.
	alt-usage-english.org /english_british_uk_et_al.shtml (1311 words)

	Some Questions & Answers on Geographical Indications
		Which of the geographical indication cannot be registered?
		A sentence of imprisonment for a term between six months to three years and a fine between fifty thousand rupees and two lakh rupees is provided in the Act.
		The registration of a GI shall be for a period of ten years but may be renewed from time to time for an unlimited period by payment of the renewal fees.
	www.tifac.org.in /do/pfc/pub/faqgeog.htm (251 words)

	HURIDOCS Bibliographic Standard Formats: Chapter 7: Comparison of first and second edition of HURIDOCS Bibliographic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the 1985 edition there was a limitation to a maximum of two geographical terms.
		There is no longer a limitation on the number of geographical terms that can be recorded.
		In the 1985 edition there was a limitation to a maximum of two geographical codes, each recorded in a separate field.
	www.huridocs.org /bsfe7equ.htm (2451 words)

	Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP - Canada - Generic No More—Expanded Protection Of Geographical Indications In Canada ...
		Geographical indications, also known as appellations of origin, are names applied to products originating in a certain territory, region or locality, where the quality, reputation or other characteristic is essentially attributable to the products’ geographical origin, either alone or in tandem with the use of certain ingredients and/or manufacturing techniques.
		The reputation associated with the geographical indication is of vital importance, and false use of a geographical indication may be detrimental to both consumers and legitimate producers....
		This service is completely FREE but for the full article and thousands of other articles from 100+ countries please tell us about yourself by registering (and yes, our lawyers like to think you've read our Disclaimer).
	www.mondaq.com /article.asp?articleid=27773&lastestnews=1 (321 words)

	Decision
		The term DEER VALLEY is generic and refers to the location of booking and real estate services with respect to widely held properties located within this geographical area.
		Respondent is using the term “Deer Valley” as a commonly used geographic indicator that refers to a specific region of Park City, Utah.
		The use of geographic terms as such in domain names or otherwise by third parties is generally possible despite a trade-mark registration”); see also Spherion Corp. v.
	www.arb-forum.com /domains/decisions/471429.htm (3025 words)

	Simple Mode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		With Combined search you can search for data by entering one or several research terms (person, organization, geographical term, item in the thematic list) relating to a document.
		In all the text fields, you can search for data by combining several terms from the same document: just separate the terms by a comma (e.g.
		Some places are listed both as a geographical location and as the place where a diplomatic event took place (conference, agreement, etc.).
	dodis.netcetera.ch /bin/dodis-en (632 words)

	Micro-Thesaurus 15: Geographical Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The purpose of this list is to select the continent, region and country where an event occurred, or from where a person originates.
		The continents are of a purely geographical nature and consist of AFRICA, AMERICAS, ASIA, EUROPE, OCEANIA and ANTARTICA.
		HURIDOCS wishes to make it clear that the allocation of these geographical terms and codes is made purely to cater for the purposes of " documentation for action" and in no way constitutes pronouncement or claim by HURIDOCS on the validity or status of certain countries that may be under dispute.
	www.huridocs.org /mt15.htm (565 words)

	Terminology - Universal Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is derived from the Irish Language term 'Ulad.' It was one of the ancient Irish provinces (the others were Connaught, Leinster and Munster.).
		Although it is normally used to refer to Northern Ireland, Ulster also (traditionally) includes Counties Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal, which lie in the Republic of Ireland.
		The term Ulster is often favoured by the Protestant community.
	www.universalcomputing.co.uk /articles_Hardware12.html (99 words)

	Turan - China-related Topics TU-TZ - China-Related Topics
		This name was initially established in the Persian LanguagePersian mythology as a contradictive to Iran, signifying a world which was bad fighting against a world which was good.
		In later literary tradition by Ferdowsi in his Shahnameh the term was used designating the Turkic hordes north of Iran.
		However, the constructed historical name was revived by European (GermanyGerman, HungaryHungarian and SlovakiaSlovak) ethnologyethnologists, linguisticslinguists and Romantics to designate the vast Eurasian area belonging to populations speaking Uralic or Altaic languages.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Turan (304 words)

	Geographical - definition from Biology-Online.org
		geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere.
		geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.
		This page was last modified 21:16, 3 October 2005.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Geographical (146 words)

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