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Topic: Geophagia

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	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Clay Eating
		Geophagia (earth eating) has been observed and documented in many areas of the world, but a specific preference for kaolin is less well known.
		There is, in fact, little published research on geophagia, particularly the ingestion of kaolin.
		Johnston, "Geophagia (kaolin ingestion) Complicated by Colon Rupture: A Case Report, Macon, Georgia," Journal of Abdominal Surgery (fall 1997): 8-9.
	www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.net /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2669 (570 words)

	Geophagia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geophagia is the consumption of earth, typically earth that has a high percentage of clay.
		The International Classification of Diseases includes geophagia among eating disorders (F50) as a variety of pica, the ingestion of non-foods.
		Ziegler J (1997): Geophagia: a vestige of paleonutrition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geophagia (414 words)

	RealRead Viewer : Cutting Horse Chatter March 2008
		Geophagia refers to eating dirt and is reported to be fairly common in feral horses.
		Geophagia is not simply horses taking in dirt while grazing close to the ground or eating grain off the ground, but is a behavior where horses actively bite into the ground to specifically eat dirt.
		Grazing sparse pastures on sandy soil, horses that are thinner and younger, and feeding grain on the ground are all factors that contribute to increased ingestion of sand.
	openpub.realread.com /rrserver/browser?title=/Chatter_Online/ncha_0803_1280&page=65 (777 words)

	Geophagia - Psychology Wiki
		Geophagia is the consumption of earth, typically earth that has a high percentage of clay.
		Other dangers associated with geophagia include damage to tooth enamel, the ingestion of a variety of bacteria, lead poisoning and intestinal obstruction.
		Geophagia can be diagnosed, in absence of other evidence, by measuring the concentration of silica in feces.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Geophagia (506 words)

	Geophagia: the history of earth-eating -- Woywodt and Kiss 95 (3): 143 -- Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
		Geophagia is defined as deliberate consumption of earth, soil,
		Geophagia was often observed as a symptom of another disease,
		Geophagia in rural Mississippi: environmental and cultural contexts and nutritional implications.
	www.jrsm.org /cgi/content/full/95/3/143 (1692 words)

	eMedicine - Eating Disorder: Pica : Article Excerpt by Cynthia R Ellis
		Geophagia is the most common form of pica in people who live in poverty and people who live in the tropics and in tribe-oriented societies.
		Exposure to infectious agents: Various infections and parasitic infestations, ranging from mild to severe, are associated with the ingestion of infectious agents via contaminated substances, such as feces or dirt.
		For example, geophagia is accepted culturally among some families of African lineage and is reported to be problematic in 70% of the provinces in Turkey.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/eating-disorder--pica.htm (1126 words)

	Program for Multicultural Health
		Geophagia is the consumption of soil, clay, or chalk.
		Geophagia is common among pregnant African women, particularly in Kenya and Ghana.
		Although geophagia is not perceived as deviant behavior among pregnant African women, it may be perceived as a psychological disorder or possession by spirits if great amounts of soil are consumed.
	www.med.umich.edu /multicultural/ccp/culture/african.htm (529 words)

	Suture for a Living: Mud Pies and Geophagia
		Geophagia is a type or subgroup of pica.
		Pica (from the Latin name for magpie, a bird known for its unusual and indiscriminate eating habits) is the persistent craving and compulsive eating of nonfood substances.
		Geophagia has potential side effects that most commonly affect the intestine and bowel.
	rlbatesmd.blogspot.com /2007/07/mud-pies-and-geophagia.html (1006 words)

	cbs2chicago.com - Eating Dirt Is A Dying Practice
		Geophagia, the practice of eating dirt, was once widespread around the world, dating back to philosopher Aristotle who observed Greek women eating clay, said Dr. Dennis Frate, a medical anthropologist at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
		Geophagia is a form of pica, a nutritional eating disorder characterized by the persistent eating of non-food items.
		The number of patients with geophagia has remained about the same in the past five years in Montgomery County, according to the health department's dietitian Lynn Burney.
	cbs2chicago.com /watercooler/dirt.University.of.2.338104.html (1019 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - The Soil Eaters
		Other factions within geophagia research point to developmental disturbances and a compulsive persistence of infantile hand to mouth behavior as the explanation of geophagia.
		It is thought to cure syphilis and diarrhea; in some regions, young girls eat soil at the onset of puberty; pregnant women eat soil to guarantee a painless birth and dark skin for the child.
		In descriptions of the origins of geophagia, there is a complicated weave of sociology (traditions, rites), psychology (hand to mouth behavior), politics (poverty), and biologism (manifestation of deficiency).
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/3/soileaters.php (1374 words)

	Real Milk Paint ® Feature Articles
		Effects of geophagia (kaolin ingestion) on the maternal blood and embryonic development in the pregnant rat.
		Geophagia, in the form of clay-eating, is often observed during pregnancy in the human population.
		The intent of this study was to determine the effects of kaolin (clay) ingestion on the maternal blood and embryonic development of the pregnant rat.
	www.realmilkpaint.com /article-kaolinclay.html (797 words)

	Consuming Soil
		However, geophagia is very commonly practiced by their neighboring Kikuya, people who consume mainly plant food.
		Geophagia should not be regarded as some quirky practice, indulged in by small numbers of people.
		It is a widespread practice by both humans and animals, and appears to reflect some intuitive use of soils for various benefits.
	www.nutrition4health.org /NOHAnews/NNW07ConsumingSoil.htm (2110 words)

	Supplements
		Some specific forms of pica like geophagia can be traced back to the 18th century when it was learned that the Sultan of Turkey ate a special clay from the island of Lemnos; this resulted in Europeans adopting the product as a health food (Deutsch, 1977).
		The practice of geophagia and more specifically clay eating is strongly connected to folk medicine, social customs and obsessive-compulsive behavior (Crosby, 1976).
		Geophagia is a natural habit among infants who crawl and eat whatever they can pick up and though usually the total amount of earth eaten is small and insignificant, carelessness or indifference on the part of parents may contribute to the continuation of this habit as the child matures (Hawass et al 1987).
	askwaltstollmd.com /archives/supp/180173.html (2127 words)

	Pica, Geophagy, and Rock Art
		In particular, the authors noted that geophagia occurred in response to induction of arthritus and as a response to acute gastrointestinal illness" (Id.).
		There are extensive anthropological observations of geophagia in Indonesia, Oceania, Africa, and among African-Americans of North America and, like cupmarks, geophagia has been observed on nearly every continent (Anell and Lagercrantz 1958, cited in Simon 1998).
		Geophagia can be a famine food or a regular part of some diets.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~call0031/pica.html (2347 words)

	Geophagia: the history of earth-eating -- Woywodt and Kiss 95 (3): 143 -- JRSM
		Geophagia is defined as deliberate consumption of earth, soil,
		Geophagia was often observed as a symptom of another disease,
		Geophagia in rural Mississippi: environmental and cultural contexts and nutritional implications.
	jrsm.rsmjournals.com /cgi/content/full/95/3/143 (1692 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-A Case of Geophagia
		Patrick Yao, M.D. A 60-year-old female with diabetes, ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension came to the office for routine follow-up.
		The behavior must not be developmentally inappropriate and not part of a cultural or religious practice.
		Geophagia among children and pregnant women was first described medically in a book in 1563.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=312 (1165 words)

	Augusta Georgia: features@ugusta: The clay eaters 03/18/99
		In fact, the clay eating may be a factor in the rate of low-birth weight babies and more research is needed to see how widespread the practice is, Dr. Grigsby said.
		Geophagia is usually found in children and is often linked with mental retardation, Dr. Grigsby said.
		While there is a great deal of information on geophagia, no one has systematically looked at kaolin-eating, Dr. Grigsby said.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/031899/fea_clay.shtml (1192 words)

	Arch Surg -- Abstract: Perforation of the Sigmoid Colon Due to Geophagia, January 1999, Woywodt and Kiss 134 (1): 88
		Arch Surg -- Abstract: Perforation of the Sigmoid Colon Due to Geophagia, January 1999, Woywodt and Kiss 134 (1): 88
		Geophagia, the habit of eating earth, soil, or clay, is common
		Geophagia is a rare cause of colonic perforation
	archsurg.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/134/1/88 (162 words)

	NIH - Health Information - Quiz
		Eating nonnutritive substances such as dirt and clay, often referred to as pica or geophagia, is sometimes seen in persons with iron deficiency.
		On the other hand, excess amounts of iron can result in toxicity and even death.
		Other researchers believe that iron deficiency may somehow increase the likelihood of these eating problems.
	health.nih.gov /quiz.asp?quiz_id=58 (136 words)

	geophagia - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 12 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word geophagia:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "geophagia" is defined.
		geophagia : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=geophagia (103 words)

	Conditioned taste aversions accompanied by geophagia: evidence for the occurrence of "psychological" factors in the ...
		Conditioned taste aversions accompanied by geophagia: evidence for the occurrence of "psychological" factors in the etiology of pica -- Mitchell et al.
		Conditioned taste aversions accompanied by geophagia: evidence for the occurrence of "psychological" factors in the etiology of pica
		A conditioned taste aversion procedure was used to produce an avoidance of
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/abstract/39/6/401 (318 words)

	Would you Like a Little Soil With That? - MedHunters
		What you may be more surprised to learn, though, is that purposely eating soil, a practice known as geophagia, is common throughout the world.
		Both can be an excellent source of minerals: a 100 gram "serving" of white copper belt clay contain approximately 15 mg of calcium, 48 mg of iron, 42 mg of zinc, and small amounts of copper, chromium nickel, and molybedenum.
		Psychological reasons: Some healthcare professionals view geophagia as an eating disorder or as a sign of a mental disorder.
	www.medhunters.com /articles/wouldYouLikeALittleSoilWithThat.html (642 words)

	Everyone should be alkanizing all the junk crap we eat with lemon juice
		In 1958, a global study of geophagia titled Geophagical Customs was presented by Swedish researchers Anell and Lagerkrantz.
		In descriptions of the origins of geophagia, there is a complicated weave of sociology (traditions, rites), psychology (hand to mouth behavior), politics (poverty), and biologism (manifestation of deficiency).4 We are in the space where culture and disease overlap.
		They wrote a report in a medical journal.5 In the report, they want to alert South African doctors that geophagia is widespread in the region.
	www.getbig.com /boards/index.php?topic=164975.0 (4911 words)

	Geophagia, More Commonly Called Pica - Center for Hope of the Sierras
		Geophagia, More Commonly Called Pica - Center for Hope of the Sierras
		Definition: Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the persistent eating of nonnutritive substances for a period of at least one month at an age in which this behavior is developmentally inappropriate.
		Click Here to learn more about Grant Kono, LCSW.
	www.centerforhopeofthesierras.com /articles/7588/Geophagia-More-Commonly-Called-Pica.html (628 words)

	Case - Geophagia Leading to Hypokalemic Quadriparesis in a Postpartum Patient
		Case - Geophagia Leading to Hypokalemic Quadriparesis in a Postpartum Patient
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		Geophagia Leading to Hypokalemic Quadriparesis in a Postpartum Patient
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/cases/74227CC411CA1A4D85256FC4006F7F1D?opendocument&wf=yes (178 words)

	Cambridge Dictionaries Online - Cambridge University Press
		We publish dictionaries for people learning English all over the world.
		geophagia was not found in the Cambridge Dictionary of American English
		Or you could try searching for 'geophagia' on the World Wide Web:
	dictionary.cambridge.org /results.asp?dict=A&searchword=geophagia (42 words)

	Dirt eating, geophagia - Beth Boswell Jacks - freelance writer - humor columnist women
		Dirt eating, geophagia - Beth Boswell Jacks - freelance writer - humor columnist women
		Kevin Grigsby, a social worker and professor of psychiatry and health behavior at Medical College of Georgia explains that geophagia exists all over the world and has for centuries, but is especially prevalent in the American South.
		No wonder we need kudzu for soil conservation.
	usadeepsouth.ms11.net /dirt.html (726 words)

	4therapy.com Site Map Drug Rehab Psychologist Counselor Therapist Drug Treatment Eating Disorder Rehabilitation Center
		Professional - Conditions - Could You Or Someone You Care About Have an Eating Disorder?
		Professional - Conditions - Geophagia, More Commonly Called Pica
		Professional - Conditions - Eating Disorders Are Treatable--But First You Have To Ask For Help
	www.4therapy.com /sitemap.html (2108 words)

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