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	Georg Lukacs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lukacs primarily wrote against the literary quality of modernism using two essentially Marxist strategies: that a mere reflection of the world around us does not accurately represent reality, and that inner contradictions caused by class struggle (rather than anything else) cause the development of history.
		Lukacs' theories, however, were also heavily influenced by his joining the Hungarian Communist Party in 1918, and falling under the control of Stalin, who was a strict Leninist: "Lukacs bases the literary norm of his doctrinaire period on a crude motif from Lenin's epistemology.
		Lukacs states "It is necessary, in considering the Marxist view of literature, to make a critical appraisal of the developments of the theory and practice of Marxism itself, within which views of literature having evolved" (Slaughter 6).
	athena.english.vt.edu /~hbrizee/lukacs_page.htm (929 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Georg Lukacs (1885-1971) is an important 20th century philosopher and literary critic and one of the major Marxist theoreticians.
		Lukacs is accused of making a fetish of one historically relative form, that of 19th century realist fiction (the novels of Balzac in particular), and of then dogmatically demanding that all other art should conform to this paradigm.
		Lukacs is impressed by the ability of Balzac's narrative to give the reader a total picture of the world, whereas Zola's "naturalism" is a distortion of realism because the author's descriptions sort of dissolve reality and don't get the reader to see the complications of society the way Balzac's realism make you see everything.
	irelandsown.net /lukacs.html (1507 words)

	[No title]
		Lukacs’ theory of the problematic individual is established through Roxana’s relationship with the outside world, which is seen most directly in the psychological bond between Roxana and her maid, Amy.
		Lukacs premise, “problematic individual’s journey towards himself” establish his definition of the “inner form of the novel” (77-81), and her self-definition comprises mere slivers of elaboration beyond physicality and social status.
		Lukacs’ premise, “the contingent world and the problematic individual are realities which mutually determine one another,” is expressed in the dual emotional polarity of Roxanna and her socioeconomic status.
	www.unc.edu /~holta/J50/defoe_benjamin2.doc (786 words)

	Literature; Literary Criticism
		GEORG LUKÁCS Written in the 1930s and 1940s, these essays discuss Goethe’s works, their role in German literature and the wider problems of the evolution of German culture and social thought.
		GEORG LUKÁCS An examination of three main trends in modern literature: the literature of the avant garde (Kafka, Joyce, Becket, Faulkner); the socialist realists who portray an unreal Utopia (Sholokov); and the critical realists (Conrad, Mann, Shaw).
		GEORG LUKÁCS Lukács hails Solzhenitsyn as the true heir to the socialist-realist writers of post-revolutionary Russia and as a major novelist on a world scale.
	www.merlinpress.co.uk /merlin/lit_crit.html (872 words)

	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany.
		He received his education at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestant Church in Württemberg), where he was friends with the future philosophers Friedrich Schelling and Friedrich Hölderlin.
		This was due partly to the rediscovery and reevaluation of him as the philosophical progenitor of Marxism by philosophically oriented Marxists, partly through a resurgence of the historical perspective that Hegel brought to everything, and partly through increasing recognition of the importance of his dialectical method.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel (1561 words)

	Lukacs (by L. Proyect)
		Georg Lukacs brings me back to my days as a graduate student studying Philosophy at the New School for Social Research back in 1967.
		Lukacs, a convert to Marxism, thought that the resolution to the mind- body problem was in the general approach of Hegelianism with its grand synthesis.
		Lukacs was dealing with the working-class of the modern industrial era however.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/modernism/lukacs.htm (1007 words)

	Novel Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lukacs’ essay qualifies the novel’s success, or authenticity, according to the novelist’s ability to transcend bourgeois sentiments about history to fairly represent the individual’s struggle against society.
		In this, Lukacs and Bakhtin appear to agree: the successful novel must be close to human experience; it must lack the distance of other literary genres.
		In Lukacs’ view, as we are always moving into the future, the present and the past are always being renegotiated; the novel, as a form that depicts human struggle, remains incomplete until such a time as that struggle ends.
	home.earthlink.net /~nomo1521/id9.html (692 words)

	- 3050026146 - Georg Simmel Guy Oakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Georg Forster in interdisziplinaerer Perspektive Beitraege des Internationalen Georg Forster - Symposions in Kassel 1 bis 4 April 1993
		Georg Flegel 1566 - 1638 zâatiésâi Nâarodnâi galerie v Praze Praézskây hrad Câisaérskâa konâirna 10 bérezna - 8 kvéetna 1994.
		Georg Simmel and Contemporary Sociology Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol 119.
	www.howtowrite.net /165491georg_forster_interdisziplinaerer_perspektive_beitraege_internationalen_georg_forster_symposions_kassel_1_4_april_1993.html (169 words)

	A Defence of History and Class Consciousness
		Georg Lukács was dubbed "the philosopher of the October Revolution" and his masterpiece History and Class Consciousness (1923) is commonly held to be the foundational text for the tradition known as "Western Marxism" which includes the work of Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Ernst Bloch, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse.
		However, as the liberating energies of the Russian Revolution were sapped by Stalinism, Lukács was subjected to ferocious attack for "deviations" from the "party line." In the mid-1920s, Lukács wrote a sustained and passionate response to this onslaught.
		Georg Lukács was born in Hungary in 1885 and died there in 1971.
	www.versobooks.com /books/klm/l-titles/lukacs_defense.shtml (308 words)

	GEORG SIMMEL ON PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE (Habermas)
		Georg Simmel first published Philosophische Kultur (Philosophical Culture) in 1911; the third and last edition appeared in 1923.
		The fact that this collection of essays has not been available for over 60 years and only reappears today could be an indication for the fact that, in a strange way, Simmel as a critic of culture is both near to, and far away from, us.
		Of course, the "essential a priori" of the woman which is unveiled by Simmel is not exactly free from male phantasies; for the rest, it relies on the brave ontologization of contemporary phenomena.
	www.cas.sc.edu /socy/faculty/deflem/zsimhab.html (3563 words)

	George Lukacs' Intellectual Development
		But Lukacs is too enthralled by the high canons of Western culture ever to deal with this question.
		Like Plato, Lukacs distrusts the free imagination and puts his faith in the kind of anticipatory memory which revives in our minds the knowledge of who we really are.
		Lukacs' own development, as objectified in his work, follows the desired line from transcendence to immanence, from fragmentary insights almost cast adrift to the solid monumental totality of his humanistic oeuvre.
	pages.slc.edu /~eraymond/lukacs.htm (2303 words)

	Lukács, Georg
		Georg Lukács (1885-1971) was a politically committed thinker with a lifelong talent for aligning himself with small, oppositional, and inevitably doomed political factions.
		Here his work was influenced by George Simmel, Heinrich Rickert, Wilhelm Dilthey, Emil Lask, Erwin Szabó, Georges Sorel, Max Weber, G.
		No copies of this work may be distributed electronically outside of the subscribed institution, in whole or in part, without written permission from the JHU Press.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/georg_lukacs.html (2038 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Lukács, Georg
		Georg Lukács is best known for his insistence on a realist aesthetic as the appropriate means to convey socialist ideas.
		Georg Lukács was born in 1885 in Budapest, the son of a Jewish Hungarian banker and a mother from the other capital of the great Austro-Hungarian empire, Vienna.
		An extremely important influence on Lukács from 1906 to 1911 was the sociologist Georg Simmel.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2816 (2394 words)

	lukacs1
		For Lukacs this is a crucial, even an all-inclusive, distinction.
		Lukacs goes on to argue that the actual "process of social evolution becomes visible" in the interaction between persons engaged in economic activity because the relations underlying that activity are responsible for the transformations that occur in society.
		Since most manufactured goods are designed to insulate people from direct contact with natural forces, (wo)man has become more and more separated, and alienated, from the natural world as capitalism has converted nature from raw material into conveniences that serve only social and socializing functions.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/9976/lukacs1.html (1586 words)

	Sean Latham
		In his 1936 essay "Narrate or Describe?" that great theorist of the novel Georg Lukacs begins his argument by plunging "in medias res," his "res" being the description of a horse race in Tolstoy's Anna Karenina.
		Her oddly nostalgic argument in Hamlet on the Holodeck, however, borrows significantly from Lukacs, echoing his conviction that "the Victorian era [was] arguably the pinnacle of novel writing in England" (257).
		Like Lukacs, however, she fails to realize that the desire for agency in a world mediated by Foucault's "micro-politics" of power and knowledge is precisely the problem which all those novelists after Dickens, Thackeray, and Tolstoy have been struggling to resolve.
	www.humanities.mcmaster.ca /~mactavis/mla_games/latham.html (503 words)

	From Literary Criticism to Marxist Theory: The Early Lukacs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Lukacs, "The Foundering of Form Against Life: S¿ren Kierkegaard and Regine Olsen" and "On the Rornanac Philosophy of Life: Novalis," Soul and Form (28-41; 42-54) [reader3.
		Lukacs, "The New Solitude and its Poetry: Stefan George" and "The Metaphysics of Tragedt: Paul Ernst," Soul and Form (79-90; 152-174) [reader].
		Feenberg, "Lukacs and the Critique of 'Orthodox' Marxism," The Philosophical Quaterly v.
	www.aicgs.org /resources/daad/1992044.shtml (734 words)

	Alibris: Georg Lukacs
		'George Lukacs's History and Class Consciousness is a truly extraordinary work, and its English translation, after almost fifty years of neglect by English and American publishers, is a major event...The full quality of Lukacs's brilliance is most powerfully manifested in this 'youthful' work (done when merely 38), where he reveals himself as by...
		A defender of western Marxism, Lukacs prepared this text in the 1920s in the face of staunch criticisms against Stalinism.
		In this book Georg Lukacs appears in another guise: as a literary historian in the tradition of Sainte-Beuve and Belinsky, offering an advanced introduction to one of the richest periods of European literature.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Georg_Lukacs (646 words)

	Notes on Georg Simmel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		These notes on Georg Simmel were prepared for Sociology 250, Introduction to Social Theory, in Fall, 1995.
		Georg Simmel (1858-1918, Germany) was born in Berlin and received his doctorate in 1881.
		Simmel's ideas were very influential on the Marxist scholar Georg Lukacs (1885-1971) and Simmel's writings on the city and on money are now being used by contemporary sociologists.
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/simmel.htm (2878 words)

	Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Political Science: Political Philosophy: Political Philosophers: Lukács, Georg
		The Georg Lukacs Internet Archive · iweb · cached · Archive of Georg Lukacs' writings including "What is Orthodox Marxism?," (March 1919) "Class Consciousness," (March 1920) "Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat," (1923).
		Lukacs' Reification and Heller's Theory of need in Marx · cached · A discussion of Agnes Heller's explication of Marx's Theory of Need as it relates to Georg Lukac's concept of Reification.
		Georg Lukács: The Antinomies of Melancholy · cached · An academic essay by Levee Blanc considering the life and philosophy of Marxist intellectual Georg Lukács (d.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=318266 (138 words)

	Amazon.com: A Defence of History and Class Consciousness: Books: Georg Lukacs,John Rees,Slavoj Zizek,Esther Leslie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Georg Lukacs was dubbed "the philosopher of the October Revolution" and his masterpiece History and Class Consciousness (1923) is commonly held to be the foundational text for the tradition known as "Western Marxism" which includes the work of Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Ernst Bloch, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse.
		Georg Lukacs was born in Hungary in 1885 and died there in 1971.
		Lukacs, Georg: A Defence of History and Class Consciousness.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1859847471?v=glance (634 words)

	Intertexts: Narration vs. description in Georg Lukacs's History and Class Consciousness.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Georg Lukacs's essay collection Probleme des Realismus (Problems of Realism, 1955) includes a provocative piece entitled "Erzahlen oder Beschreiben?" ("Narrate or Describe?" 1936).
		Though Lukacs's question implies that the writer of prose fiction may choose between these two categories as dominant structural modes, he makes it clear from the outset of the essay that good (realistic) writing is governed by narration, while bad (naturalistic) writing is marked by description.
		Although Lukacs recognizes that even realists must describe and naturalists must narrate, he defines...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:93210404&refid=holomed_1 (210 words)

	Georg Lukács - History & Class Consciousness - Georg Lukács
		Georg Lukács - History and Class Consciousness - Georg Lukács
		György Szegedy von Lukács (also known as Georg Lukács) was born in Budapest into a wealthy Jewish family.
		His father was a prominent Hungarian banker: his mother came from Vienna.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /lukacs.htm (10284 words)

	Class_consciousness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Class consciousness is a category of Marxist theory, referring to the self-awareness of a social class, its capacity to act in its own rational interests, or measuring the extent to which an individual is conscious of the historical tasks their class (or class allegiance) sets for them.
		An exhaustive exposition is made by Georg Lukács in his influential work History and Class Consciousness.
		One of the curious results of certain class societies (or societies that are generally perceived to be based on class distinctions) is that people belonging to different social classes have different views on the class system as a whole, thus different forms of class consciousness.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Class_consciousness (240 words)

	Other Voices 1.1 (March 1997), Georg Lukács: The Antinomies of Melancholy
		We are examining a conflict between two basic tendencies, a conflict fought out, not only in one and the same writer, but often in one and the same poem, play, or novel.
		The relationship of Georg to the Lukács family was clearly strained.
		Well I know Gyuri [the familiar diminutive of Georg or György], that human beings are unapproachable, that their souls are as far from each other as stars; only the remote radiance reaches to the other.
	www.othervoices.org /blevee/lukacs.html (6874 words)

	Weekly Worker 299 Thursday July 29 1999
		This book is the perfect starting point for those who wish to comprehend the awesome contribution that 20th century Marxism has made to the exegesis of modern culture.
		What we have here is a set of debates between Ernst Bloch, Georg Lukács, Bertolt Brecht, Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno (alongside an endpiece by Fredric Jameson) that should dispel forever the contemporary notion that Marxism is only a refuge for the dogmatist and the fool.
		Yet, as Lukács himself observed, the practical outcome of such periods of potential excommunication was that the party leaders could not swallow him or spit him out: he had stuck in their collective throat (I Eörsi [ed] Georg Lukács: record of a life p10).
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/299/fraught.html (1842 words)

	Weekly Worker 367 Thursday January 18 2000
		Georg Lukács A defence of 'History and class consciousness': tailism and the dialectic Verso, 2000, pp182, £16
		The recent publication of Tailism and the dialectic, apparently written in 1925-26 but never referred to by the author in his numerous autobiographical writings and interviews, marks another stage in the attempt of the Socialist Workers Party to appropriate the work of Georg Lukács as one of their own.
		John Rees is quite clear that what we have here is Georg Lukács defending "his masterpiece, History and class consciousness" (p1).
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/367/swplukacs.html (4406 words)

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