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	George Berkeley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		George Berkeley was born in Ireland near Kilkenny on 12 March 1685.
		Berkeley’s first important book, An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision, was published in Dublin in 1709, appeared in a second edition within a year, and was republished with a few interesting changes in 1732.
		Berkeley’s Principles is often said to have been influenced by the English empiricist John Locke and the French Cartesian Nicolas Malebranche.
	www.thoemmes.com /encyclopedia/berkeley.htm (3450 words)

	George Berkeley [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Berkeley's objective in the New Theory of Vision was "to shew the manner wherein we perceive by sight the distance, magnitude, and situation of objects.
		Berkeley explores the relationships between the objects of sight and touch by introducing the notions of minimum visibles and tangibles, the smallest points one actually can perceive by sight and touch, points which must be taken to be indivisible.
		As Berkeley put it, "all the choir of heaven and furniture of the earth, in a word all those bodies which compose the mighty frame of the world, have not any subsistence without a mind, that their being is to be perceived or known" (PHK §6).
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/b/berkeley.htm (7594 words)

	Biography of George Berkeley (1685-1753)
		Berkeley, the eldest son of an English settler in Ireland, was born March 12, 1685, probably at Dysert Castle, near Thomastown in County Kilkenny.
		Berkeley returned to England in 1721 to find the country in the midst of the social crisis caused by the bursting of the South Sea Bubble.
		Berkeley's health, which had begun to fail, was seriously affected by the death of his eldest son in 1750.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/berkleyg/about.htm (992 words)

	The Philosophy of George Berkeley
		George Berkeley (picture) denied this theory and reduced the reality of the external world to the existence of finite spirits and the infinite spirit (God).
		George Berkeley was born in County Kilkenny in Ireland in 1685, the son of an English family that had migrated there.
		Berkeley's theory of knowledge thus reduces all reality to phenomena: The material world exists only as a cognitive act, produced and existing in a mental act, and hence is subjective and not objective.
	radicalacademy.com /philberkeley.htm (1567 words)

	George Berkeley's Metaphysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Berkeley’s contributions to the philosophy of mathematics is not a separate venture, but should be seen as part of the same programme as Berkeley’s earlier immaterialism: in both, he sought to defend the Christian religion against the trend toward secularism that was emerging in the birth of science.
		Berkeley eventually obtained permission to resign from his arduous duties as Bishop of Cloyne and, in a state of worsening health, moved to retirement in Oxford, where his son was a student at Christchurch College.
		Berkeley himself was well aware of this difficulty, and sought sometimes to describe everyday objects as having a ‘counterfactual’ or ‘hypothetical’ existence, and sometimes he would more properly described their continued existence in terms of the ‘archetypes’ or mental model that God keeps of all objects.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~ursa/philos/berkmeta.htm (12071 words)

	Berkeley Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		George Berkeley was a brilliant 18th century philosopher, who shook the world with his theory of immaterialism.
		Berkeley, in his penetrating insights, took empiricism to its logical conclusion, and reached am understanding of the world as observer-dependent -- a conclusion that modern physics is only beginning to understand fully.
		This is an extended essay presenting a coherent overview of the metaphysical philosophy of the 17th century philosopher George Berkeley.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~ursa/philos/berkeley.htm (5298 words)

	George Berkeley
		Berkeley charges that materialism promotes skepticism and atheism: skepticism because materialism implies that our senses mislead us as to the natures of these material things, which moreover need not exist at all, and atheism because a material world could be expected to run without the assistance of God.
		Berkeley thinks that when we consider the stunning complexity and systematicity of our sensory ideas, we must conclude that the spirit in question is wise and benevolent beyond measure, that, in short, he is God.
		Berkeley's first response here, that we should think with the learned but speak with the vulgar, advises us to continue to say that fire heats, that the heart pumps blood, etc. What makes this advice legitimate is that he can reconstrue such talk as being about regularities in our ideas.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/berkeley (8424 words)

	Biographies: Philosophers: George Berkeley (1685-1753).
		Berkeley, born in Ireland, was educated at Trinity college, Dublin.
		In 1713, Berkeley came to London and from there, at the expense of a rich family who required a chaplain and a tutor, travelled to France and Italy; he spent the best part of seven years on the continent (shades of John Locke).
		Berkeley picked up on Locke's belief that all that exists is capable of being sensed or experienced, that there is no existence of matter independent of perception.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Berkeley.htm (276 words)

	International Berkeley Society: Links
		Those entries in his dictionary that may be of interest to Berkeley students include the following: George Berkeley and idealism, and for contrast Nicolas Malebranche and occasionalism, as well as phenomenalism, and a short entry on Arthur Schopenhauer, who was an important early admirer of Berkeley.
		Berkeley's publications An annotated list of early editions of the works of George Berkeley in the Department of Special Collections at the University of Notre Dame.
		It is named in honor of George Berkeley, in regonition of the assistance in land and books which he gave to Yale in the 18th century.
	www.georgeberkeley.org.uk /links.htm (4629 words)

	George Berkeley
		George Berkeley was a prominent empiricist philosopher who laid out his famous idealist epistemology in his youthful Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710).
		It is to Berkeley whom we owe that tiresome question of the existence of the tree falling unobserved in the forest (or the Oxford ditty of the "tree in the Quad").
		In political economy, Berkeley was a thorough pessimist - perhaps explained by the miserable economic state of the Ireland around him.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/berkeley.htm (289 words)

	Berkeley
		Berkeley spent most of his mature years in London, travelling briefly to Rhode Island in the vain hope of securing financial support for a college to be established in Bermuda.
		In what he believed to be his most devastating point, Berkeley argued that it is literally inconceivable that anything like a material substance could exist independently of the spirits or active thinking substances that perceive it.
		Here Berkeley spoke through Philonous ("Mind-lover"), who tries to convince his reluctant friend Hylas ("Woody") that it is only by rejecting the artificial philosophical concept of material substance that skepticism can be finally defeated and the truths of common-sense secured.
	www.philosophypages.com /ph/berk.htm (485 words)

	Berkeley, George. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Berkeley in his subjective idealism went beyond Locke, who had argued that such qualities as color and taste arise in the mind while primary qualities of matter such as extension and weight have existence independent of the mind.
		Berkeley held that both types of qualities are known only in the mind and that therefore there is no existence of matter independent of perception (esse est percipi).
		Berkeley felt that his argument constituted a complete disproof of atheism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/be/BerkeleyG.html (320 words)

	George Akerlof a Winner of 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics
		George A. Akerlof, an economics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, was named the 2001 co-winner of the Nobel Prize in economic sciences today (10/10/01).
		UC Berkeley colleague and fellow Nobelist McFadden said Akerlof’s receipt of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel resulted from what amounted to a revolution in the understanding of what makes markets work, a revolution that was led by Akerlof.
		"George Akerlof’s contributions to economics have been fundamental, from his celebrated paper describing the role of asymmetric information between buyers and sellers in the market for ‘lemons’ to his work that helped launch the burgeoning field of behavioral economics," said Alan Auerbach, chairman of UC Berkeley’s economics department.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/features/2001/nobel (1264 words)

	MODERN PHILOSOPHY: The Philosophy of Empiricism
		Born in Ireland, George Berkeley (picture) was educated at Trinity College, Dublin.
		While denying the existence of a material world, Berkeley did not deny the existence of finite spirits; their existence is proved by the fact that we are passive with regard to many impressions.
		Berkeley's denial of the material world is nonsense and his statement that to exist is to be perceived is contrary to our experience.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilempiricism.htm (3808 words)

	Berkeley's Immaterialism
		Berkeley devoted the lengthy "Introduction" of his Principles of Human Knowledge to a detailed refutation of what he supposed to be one of Locke's most harmful mistakes, the belief that general terms signify abstract ideas.
		According to Berkeley (and such later idealists as Fichte and Bradley) this argument shows irrefutably that the very concept of material substance as a sensible object existing independently of any perception is incoherent.
		Like Berkeley, we believe that the solidity of bodies is merely apparent, that a proper cosmology depends upon our capacity to conceive it, and that the role of science is to gather and correlate the independent observations of human perceivers.
	www.philosophypages.com /hy/4r.htm (2250 words)

	Berkeley College
		In 1999, after renovating Berkeley College, Yale engraved Berkeley's story onto the floor of a public gathering space in the basement of the college.
		In 1999, Yale celebrated Berkeley's vision as a "great missionary effort." This vision involved kidnapping 10-year-old Native American boys, sending them to a remote island for re-education, and then releasing them once they were ready to evangelize their former homeland.
		These same engravings describe Berkeley's gift to Yale of a slave-worked plantation, the gift for which Berkeley's name is now remembered with the name of a college.
	www.yaleslavery.org /WhoYaleHonors/berk.html (251 words)

	George Berkeley: Philosophy Metaphysics of Idealist Philosopher George Berkeley. Esse est percipi. Quotes
		George Berkeley: Philosophy Metaphysics of Idealist Philosopher George Berkeley.
		Explaining George Berkeley's idealism philosophy (esse est percipi) and the interconnection of mind, body and universe with realism of Wave Structure of Matter (WSM).
		George Berkeley is one of my favorite philosophers, despite the fact that I consider his conclusions on Idealism to have been a major impediment to the progress of Philosophy and the Sciences.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Philosophy-George-Berkeley-Philosopher.htm (5124 words)

	Welcome to Berkeley Linguistics
		After that time most linguistic work at U.C. Berkeley was done through the Anthropology Department where, under the direction of the noted anthropological linguist Alfred Kroeber, extensive efforts were devoted to the recording and describing of unwritten languages, especially American Indian languages spoken in California and elsewhere in the United States.
		Constituted in 1953 by the distinguished Sanskrit and Dravidian scholar Murray Emeneau, and subsequently chaired by Mary Haas, a leading scholar of both American Indian and Asian languages, there are at present 15 faculty and 6 retired professors associated with the department.
		With the approximately 50 graduate students in progress toward the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees, Berkeley linguists remain committed to the empirical, historical, and theoretical study of linguistic structure within a broad linguistic, cultural, and cognitive context.
	linguistics.berkeley.edu (394 words)

	Published Works of George Berkeley
		The Works of George Berkeley, 4 volumes, edited by A.C. Fraser (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1871) revised (1901).
		The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, 9 volumes, edited by A. Luce and T.E. Jessop (London, Nelson, 1948-1957).
		George Berkeley's Manuscript Introduction, edited by Bertil Belfrage (Oxford, Doxa, 1987).
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/berkeley/berkbib.htm (819 words)

	George Berkeley Collection at Bartleby.com
		Our youth we can have but to-day, / We may always find time to grow old.
		Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, he became a scholar and later a fellow there.
		Most of Berkeley’s important work in philosophy was done in his younger years.
	www.bartleby.com /people/BerkeleyG.html (158 words)

	George Berkeley Resources:
		A Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics By George Berkeley
		Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous by George Berkeley 1713
		George Berkeley: Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision, 1709 Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710 Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, 1713
	www.geocities.com /williamjamison/Ber (68 words)

	George Berkeley at Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
		The theory of mental monism was first given a clear statement in Western philosophy by George Berkeley, an eighteenth-century Irish philosopher.
		Berkeley put forward mental monism as a reaction to the rising tide of mechanistic Newtonian metaphysics, which had gained popularity by riding on the back of the scientific revolution.
		The International Berkeley Society (founded in 1975) holds meetings, conferences, and symposia, and publishes the results of scholarly research on both sides of the Atlantic and brings attention and information, both old and new, about George Berkeley and his works.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~modern/html/modern_george_berkeley.htm (1257 words)

	George Berkeley
		George Berkeley, trained in philosophy at Trinity College Dublin, continues the tradition of the Cambridge Platonists and the 4th Earl of Shaftsbury, who find the mechanical philosophy of Descartes, Gassendi, Locke, Boyle and Newton as dangerous as the complete materialism of Hobbes and Spinoza.
		Berkeley calls his alternative to the views he criticizes immaterialism.
		He retires to Oxford with his family for the sake of his son George who is studying there.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/berkeley.html (750 words)

	George Berkeley: A Bibliography
		In future, we hope to add sections on the various editions of Berkeley's works and journal articles published on works of Berkeley.
		We would be delighted to receive information on works that does not find a place here at the moment.
		Fogelin, Robert J. Routledge philosophy guidebook to Berkeley and Principles of Human Knowledge.
	home.iitk.ac.in /~cat/berkeleybiblio (177 words)

	George Berkeley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At B71 he characterized Berkeley as "degrading bodies to mere illusion." For a review of this characterization, see the Lexicon entry on Idealism.
		Click here for Berkeley's criticism of Newton's conception of absolute space and time.
		There, you will find a passage from Kant, claiming that it was Berkeley's criticisms of Newtonian absolute space and time which led him to degrade bodies to illusion.
	www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu /mattey/kant/BERKELEY.HTM (160 words)

	[No title]
		, in collaboration with the International Berkeley Society, will host the world’s foremost conference commemorating the 250th anniversary of the death of the Irish philosopher George Berkeley (1685-1753).
		Berkeley and the Single Idea Thesis: Why My Chair is not a Congeries
		Berkeley’s Place in the History of Sign-Theories of Visual Perception
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~sdaniel/berkeley.html (412 words)

	Tree Falling
		George Berkeley was born near Kilkenny, Ireland, and, although an
		On January 14, 1753, Berkeley died suddenly and he was buried at
		Berkeley saw his philosophy as a common-sense attack on the metaphysical
	www.mindspring.com /~boba4/TreeFall.htm (891 words)

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