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	George Cayley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		George Cayley was born in Scarborough, Yorkshire, in 1773.
		Cayley realised that control of flight could not be achieved until a lightweight engine was developed to give the thrust and lift required.
		It was not until 1853 that Cayley managed to build a machine that could carry the weight of a man. He also built a triplane and in 1853 persuaded his coach driver to fly 900 feet (275 m) across a small valley.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /AVcayley.htm (283 words)

	Sir George Cayley û Making Aviation Practical
		Sir George Cayley, born in 1773, is sometimes called the ôFather of Aviation.ö A pioneer in his field, he is credited with the first major breakthrough in heavier-than-air flight.
		Cayley described many of the concepts and elements of the modern airplane and was the first to understand and explain in engineering terms the concepts of lift and thrust.
		It had a fixed main wing, a fuselage, a cruciform tail unit with surfaces for vertical and horizontal control, a cockpit for the pilot, and a rudimentary means of propulsion that consisted of revolving vanes, a precursor to the propeller.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Prehistory/Cayley/PH2.htm (1122 words)

	Sir George Cayley's Man Carrying Glider
		However, Sir George Cayley's endeavors (including in areas other than aeronautics) have hardly been forgotten, for he is seen as, perhaps, the single most important aerial researcher and theoretician of his time.
		Sir George Cayley was born in 1773, in Yorkshire.
		Cayley's granddaughter, who recounted this picturesque incident years later, was a child at the time, and hers is the only eyewitness report.
	www.fiddlersgreen.net /AC/aircraft/Cayley-FlyingMachine/info/info.htm (1769 words)

	Sir George Cayley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sir George Cayley was born in 1773 in Scarborough England.
		A wealthy landowner, Cayley is considered the father of aerial navigation and a pioneer in the science of aerodynamics.
		Cayley's first full-size model in 1849 was large enough to support the weight of a boy.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/Cayley/DI15.htm (205 words)

	George Cayley in the Aviation History Encyclopedia
		Sir George Cayley (27 December 1773 - 15 December 1857) was an exuberant polymath from Brompton-by-Sawdon, near Scarborough in Yorkshire.
		Sir George was 79 years old at the time and not in the best of health, which perhaps to some extent excuses him for not risking his own neck in the glider.
		Sir George is believed to have worked entirely alone on his development of a theory of flight.
	www.usairnet.com /encyclopedia/George_Cayley.html (783 words)

	The Pioneers : An Anthology : Sir George Cayley Bt. (1773 - 1857)
		Cayley is the first to separate the different forces that keep an aircraft in the air, and his engraving is the first recorded drawing of a fixed-wing aircraft -- an airplane.
		Cayley was interested in reducing the 'direct resistance' (drag) of the spars in his gliders and developed the first instrument for testing streamlining.
		Cayley introduced many innovations -- wing dihedral, the tension wheel undercarriage are diverse examples -- and, as early as 1809, the suggestion that the shape of the rear of a body is as important as the front in determining resistance so that a streamlined tail is beneficial.
	www.ctie.monash.edu.au /hargrave/cayley.html (3311 words)

	Air Force Link - Sir George Cayley
		Cayley began his studies of flight in 1792, when he built a small toy helicopter based loosely on a previous French design.
		On his Brompton Hall estate, Cayley blended his theoretical studies with actual experimentation, using a "whirling arm" test rig (a weight-driven rotating rod with an experimental wing shape on its end, a predecessor of the modern wind tunnel), and both model and full-size gliders.
		Cayley's whirling arm testing revealed the benefits of a cambered (curved) wing, showing that it had greater lifting properties than a purely flat surface.
	www.af.mil /history/sirgeorgecayley.asp (582 words)

	George Cayley - England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		George Cayley (1773-1857) is considered the father of aviation.
		Cayley had identified the drag vector (parallel to the flow) and the lift vector (perpendicular to the flow).
		In 1809 and 1810 Cayley published three papers on his aeronautical research where he quite correctly pointed out for the first time that: (1) lift is generated by a region of low pressure on the upper surface of the wing and; (2) cambered wings (curved surfaces) generate lift more efficiently than a flat surface.
	aviation-history.com /early/cayley.htm (457 words)

	Sir George Cayley's Man Carrying Glider
		Sir George Cayley is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics.
		Details of this Cayley flying machine appeared in Mechanics' Magazine of 25 September 1852 As Cayley's text made clear, the wing was intended to have approx 8" of dihedral and and to be set at an angle of incidence of about 5 degrees.
		Cayley called the craft, which was meant to be released in the air from beneath a balloon, a "governable parachute"; though it was in reality a glider.
	www.fiddlersgreen.net /AC/aircraft/Cayley-FlyingMachine/cayley.php (226 words)

	George Cayley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet (27 December 1773–15 December 1857) was an exuberant English polymath from Brompton-by-Sawdon, near Scarborough in Yorkshire.
		He was a founding member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was a distant cousin of the mathematician Arthur Cayley.
		Cayley inherited Brompton Hall and its estates on the death of his father, the 5th baronet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/George_Cayley (583 words)

	UNC-TV:Mystery Of Flight
		Cayley defined the form of the present day airplane by breaking away from the previous ideas of how powered flight would be achieved.
		Cayley later tried to develop the "prime mover" that he realized was necessary for powered flight, but unfortunately his gunpowder engines were not reliable.
		The reverse side of the disc shows Cayley’s analysis of the lift and drag forces on a wing surface, representing a significant step in our understanding of flight, and in 1804 Cayley followed it up with experiments using a "whirling arm," the first ever scientific testing of aerofoils—the key to the Wright brothers' success.
	www.unctv.org /firstflight/sgcayley.html (206 words)

	Sir George Cayley, History of Aerodynamics
		Sir George Cayley is sometimes called the father of aeronautics.
		Cayley's lifetime achievements are discussed concisely by CH Gibbs-Smith.
		His ideas spanned from helicopters to airships, from kites to birds, but his name is not formally linked to any of the aerodynamics advances, and certainly he was in no way able to build a heavier-than-air flying machine.
	aerodyn.org /People/cayley.html (533 words)

	Gliding Magazine \| Features
		This article discusses the contributions of Sir George Cayley, who was born on December 27, 1773, and died on December 15, 1857.
		With the impending 100th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' powered flight, the Cayley family and promoters of Sir George Cayley’s great contribution to aviation, decided to build another replica and fly it on about the same day of the year as the coachman did 150 years ago.
		I have only shown the cover which was flown in the Cayley replica, first by Richard Branson on a successful glide across the valley in the morning, and then by Allan McWhirter along the valley floor in the afternoon on a car tow.
	www.glidingmagazine.com /FeatureArticle.asp?id=357 (1634 words)

	biographies: George Cayley
		Sir George Cayley was born in Scarborough, Yorkshire in 1773.
		Cayley knew that the engine would have to be light in weight and that the steam engine was not practical for powered flight.
		Cayley was a patient man and waited until she was away from home before starting test flight experiments on the stairs.
	histclo.com /bio/c/ind/bio-caylg.html (3246 words)

	1804 CAYLEY GLIDER
		In 1799 Sir George Cayley (1773-1857), of Brompton, Yorkshire, England, was first to document the aerodynamic forces of flight, pitch, roll, and yaw with a diagram on a small silver disk.
		He recognized the importance of having the wing at the correct angle in relation to the airflow (angle of attack), as well as the fact that superposed wings (bi- or triplane design) gave maximum lift with minimum structure weight.
		In 1809, Cayley was quoted as saying, "I feel perfectly confident that we shall be able to transport ourselves and families, and their goods and chattels, more securely by air than by water, and with a velocity of from 20 to 100 miles per hour."
	www.ohtm.org /cayley.html (196 words)

	George Cayley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sir George Cayley, of Bromton Hall in Yorkshire, first published details of his invention in the form of a letter to the editor of Nicholsons Journal in 1807.
		Sir George did not patent his ideas until 1837 when the invention was taken up on both sides of the Atlantic in the form of the heavy and cumbersome furnace gas engine.
		Cayley was interested in aviation and was it seems trying to find a suitable power plant to fit in his aircraft designs, also the 1837 patent details the application of his air engine to a road carriage.
	www.stirlingengines.org.uk /pioneers/pion3.html (445 words)

	First Flight
		Cayley defined the form of the present day aeroplane by breaking away from the previous ideas of how powered flight would be achieved.
		Cayley later tried to develop the ‘prime mover’ that he realised would be needed for powered flight, but unfortunately his gunpowder engines were not reliable.
		This represented a significant step in our understanding of flight, and in 1804 Cayley followed it up with experiments using a ‘whirling arm’, the first ever scientific testing of aerofoils.
	firstflight.open.ac.uk /cayley/cayley.html (216 words)

	Cayley, Sir George - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		CAYLEY, SIR GEORGE [Cayley, Sir George] 1773-1857, British scientist.
		He experimented with wing design, distinguished between lift and drag, formulated the concepts of vertical tail surfaces, steering rudders, rear elevators, and air screws, and built the world's first glider capable of carrying a human (1853).
		Cayley was also a founder of the Regent Street Polytechnic, London.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-cayley-s.html (231 words)

	Sir George Cayley
		Sir George Cayley was a genius of science whose works in aeronautics pioneered the conquest of flight.
		In 1853 the first man-carrying Cayley glider rose from Brompton Dale with his coachman as its passenger.
		Cayley's genius embraced many disciplines and pioneered the way for later advances such as combustion engines, spoked wheels, the caterpillar tractor, finned missiles, railway safety devices, and medical equipment.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/cayley.htm (343 words)

	WebWings \| History of Aviation \| Sir George Cayley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sir George Cayley, a baron of Scarborough in 19th century England, was fascinated with science at an early age.
		Cayley believed gliders and plane flight were the way of the future.
		Cayley is seen as the "father of aviation" for exploring and explaining the science of flight.
	www.bsu.edu /academy/webwings/hist03.html (147 words)

	Sir George Cayley Father of Flight first flight 1853
		George Cayley was born in Scarborough in 1773 and was always inquisitive.
		George Cayley had observed the seagulls and realised they could get lift by gliding without flapping their wings and that the forward propulsion was a different problem.
		John Appleby and Sir George Cayley had made history as the first men to fly and design a heavier than air machine — the aeroplane.
	www.ba-education.demon.co.uk /for/science/firstflight.html (712 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Cayley,
		Cayley, Arthur CAYLEY, ARTHUR [Cayley, Arthur], 1821-95, English mathematician.
		Cayley, Sir George CAYLEY, SIR GEORGE [Cayley, Sir George] 1773-1857, British scientist.
		Cayley cuts away from the mould; Jobs & new directions: your future.(Features)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Cayley, (297 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| The forgotten father of flight
		Cayley is the man described by aviation experts as the father of aeronautics.
		But Cayley realised that only a flight with a grown man would demonstrate the potential of his strange-looking aircraft.
		This weekend, 150 years after Sir George's coachman was carried aloft, the aircraft will be given pride of place in celebrations intended to remind Britain about its forgotten pioneer of aviation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/3042182.stm (757 words)

	Arthur Cayley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Cayley worked as a lawyer for 14 years, but that is not what he is remembered for.
		His father, Henry Cayley, a distant cousin of Sir George Cayley, was descended from an ancient Yorkshire family, but had settled in St.
		But Cayley doubtless felt that he was addressing not only the popular audience then and there before him, but the mathematicians of distant places and future times; for the address is a valuable historical review of various mathematical theories, and is characterized by freshness, independence of view, suggestiveness, and learning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arthur_cayley (3500 words)

	Outstanding Men and Women in Aviation - Level 1
		The basic principles upon which modern aeronautics is founded were formulated by George Cayley.
		Cayley's vehicles were launched by ramp because the internal combustion engine had not yet been invented.
		Cayley is known as the "Father of Modern Aviation."
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /AERO/history1e.htm (536 words)

	Wired News: The Englishman Who Wanted to Fly
		Cayley was the first to see through this fallacy, Scott said.
		Examining seagulls, Cayley noticed that it was the angle and the shape of the wings that kept the birds aloft, not just flapping.
		In 1799, at the age of 26, Cayley diagramed these forces in an engraving on a silver disc about the size of a quarter.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,61611,00.html (661 words)

	Gliding Magazine \| Features
		In this year of celebrating flight and looking back on the history of gliding with the second Cayley replica being flown a few weeks ago, we thought readers would be interested in Derek's impression of how he managed to get the first version across Brompton Dale.
		It was soon apparent that Cayley's tension spoked wooden wheels were to be put to a severe test on the rather rough concrete of the runways.
		About the only advantage our machine had over Cayley's was the use of standard turnbuckles on the wires and an experienced pilot instead of a coachman All the materials John Sproule had specified were available in the old days.
	www.glidingmagazine.com /FeatureArticle.asp?id=360 (2317 words)

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