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Topic: George Gerbner

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	George Gerbner, 1919—2005
		George Gerbner was born in Budapest in 1919 and fled to the United States to escape fascism in 1939, but he never lost his Hungarian accent.
		Gerbner spent his life in an adopted country saturated with graphic depictions of violence, a culture where the apex of expression often seemed to be focused through the crosshairs of a weapon.
		Gerbner argued that such treatment encouraged women and minorities to accept inferior social status, and to believe that wealth and power were rightly conferred only on privileged white males.
	www.fair.org /index.php?page=2881 (853 words)

	George Gerbner Series
		George Gerbner is Bell Atlantic Professor of Telecommunication at Temple University, Dean Emeritus of the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, Director of the Cultural Indicators research project, and Founder and Director of the Cultural Environment Movement.
		The project is conducted by Dr. George Gerbner in collaboration with Dr. Michael Morgan at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Dr. Nancy Signorielli at the University of Delaware, Dr.
		George Gerbner is Bell Atlantic Professor of Telecommunication at Temple University and Dean Emeritus of The Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania.
	www.mediaed.org /videos/CommercialismPoliticsAndMedia/TheElectronicStoryTeller/studyguide/html (8022 words)

	George Gerbner Bios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To Gerbner and other researchers, cultivation is the "teaching of a common worldview, common roles, and common values" (Severin and Tankard, 299), and through a number of surveys taken by both light and heavy television viewers, Gerbner sees this cultivation occurring throughout the broadcast media.
		George Gerbner, in August of 1919, was born in Budapest, Hungary to Margaret and Arpad Gerbner, a photographer and teacher respectively.
		George Gerbner was born in Hungary, and came to the United States in 1939.
	www.utexas.edu /coc/journalism/SOURCE/j363/gerbner.html (3442 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gerbner and his associates firmly believe that television is different than other types of media, thinking which is unlike their counterparts.
		Rose Dyson quotes George Gerbner in her recent (1998) article and he says, “we are headed in the direction of an upsurge in neofascism in a very entertaining and amusing disguise (p.
		George Gerbner has shown that this is the case by highlighting how high-level television executives abuse their freedom and power, while many of us ignore the manipulation.
	www2.bc.edu /~floress/Gerbner.doc (5563 words)

	Bowling for Columbine : Library : The Culture of Fear
		George Gerbner, Dean-emeritus of the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, is closer to the mark with what he calls "the mean-world syndrome." Watch enough brutality on TV and you come to believe you are living in a cruel and gloomy world in which you feel vulnerable and insecure.
		In his research over three decades Gerbner found that people who watch a lot of TV are more likely than others to believe their neighborhoods are unsafe, to assume that crime rates are rising, and to overestimate their own odds of becoming a victim.
		Ample real-world evidence in support of Gerbner’s proposition can be found among the nation’s elderly, many of whom are so upset by all the murder and mayhem they see on their television screens that they are terrified to leave their homes.
	www.bowlingforcolumbine.com /library/fear/10.php (1443 words)

	Cultivation Theory
		Gerbner spent time at The Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania where he served as Dean while continuing his research on the social cultivation of television, emphasizing violence and its effects.
		Gerbner's studies are also criticized for refusing to analyze possible effects of television on society.
		Gerbner's theory asserts that most often, heavy viewers tend to be men and those of lower income brackets.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory06.htm (1625 words)

	Gerbner Article -- Alvanitakis Critique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gerbner is concerned with the power of stories to shape a person's beliefs and values.
		Gerbner employs a method of "message system analysis." His researchers do not look at individual shows for analysis; instead, they examine the whole of television, looking for recurring themes and stereotypes.
		Gerbner continues the trend of Shaw and Entman, looking at the subtle, cognitive effects of media, which had been overlooked for many years.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2000fall/jomc245-001/alvanitakis_critique_2.html (840 words)

	Cultivation Theory
		Gerbner argues that the mass media cultivate attitudes and values which are already present in a culture: the media maintain and propagate these values amongst members of a culture, thus binding it together.
		Gerbner and his colleagues contend that television drama has a small but significant influence on the attitudes, beliefs and judgements of viewers concerning the social world.
		Gerbner and his associates argue that heavy viewers of violence on television come to believe that the incidence of violence in the everyday world is higher than do light viewers of similar backgrounds.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/short/cultiv.html (2601 words)

	Sarin Thesis
		George Gerbner's Cultivation Theory was applied to see if resonance and mainstreaming effected the subject's perceptions of single and real-life television women.
		Gerbner has found that 50 percent of the people n television are white, middle-class males, and that women are utnumbered by men 3 to 1 (Griffin, 1994, p.
		Gerbner's elevision and violence studies tried to show that many people's real-life iolent experiences were amplified by watching violent acts on television aily basis.
	people.wcsu.edu /mccarneyh/acad/sarin.html (5068 words)

	Audience Research: Cultivation Analysis
		Cultivation analysis, developed by George Gerbner and his colleagues, explores the extent to which television viewers' beliefs about the "real world" are shaped by heavy exposure to the most stable, repetitive, and pervasive patterns that television presents, especially in its dramatic entertainment programs.
		Whereas most research and debate on, for example, television violence has been concerned with whether violent portrayals make viewers more aggressive, Gerbner and his colleagues claimed that heavy exposure to television was associated with exaggerated beliefs about the amount of violence in society.
		Gerbner, George, Larry Gross, Michael Morgan, and Nancy Signorielli.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/A/htmlA/audienceresec/audienceresec.htm (2075 words)

	Archive--Men and Violence
		Leading media analysts, including George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, say it is television programs, movies and the media that are sending men the wrong images about masculinity and violence in the world.
		George Gerbner, who is also the Bell Atlantic professor of telecommunications at Temple University, said he does not think people violently imitate movies and television.
		Gerbner, however, said violence on television and in the movies is not the biggest problem.
	www.hardnewscafe.usu.edu /archive/feb2001/0205_violence1.html (1854 words)

	ABC Radio National - The Media Report Transcript - 29 August 1996
		George Gerbner is now Dean Emeritus of the Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and Director of the Cultural Indicator Project which has researched violence and television for almost 40 years.
		George Gerbner: It's a paradoxical fact that while channels proliferate, we have many more channels of communication than ever before - there are cable, there are internet, there are a great many new technologies.
		George Gerbner: Mr Murdoch, with all due respect to his Australian origin, is a master propagandist.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/8.30/mediarpt/mstories/mr290896.htm (3201 words)

	disinformation \| george gerbner and the cultural environment movement
		Gerbner is the source of the oft-quoted statistic that children will have witnessed 8000 murders onscreen by age twelve.
		Gerbner and a diverse activist collective formed the Cultural Environment Movement, in 1996, to raise awareness of why media 'ecologies of mind' matter.
		Gerbner damns industry self-regulation; the funding starvation of US public television who must subsequently accept corporate sponsorship (thus compromising their editorial independence); the decline of funds for independent productions; commercials as double taxation without representation; and the proliferation of channels that replicate content.
	www.disinfo.com /archive/pages/dossier/id349/pg1/index.html (1884 words)

	George Gerbner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		George Gerbner, a leading communication scholar and authority known worldwide for his research on the impact of the media on society, particularly the long-term effects of television violence, has been named Bell Atlantic Professor of Telecommunication at Temple University.
		Before being awarded the Bell Atlantic Chair, Dr. Gerbner was professor and dean of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania from 1964 through 1989.
		Born in Hungary, Dr. Gerbner fled fascism in his native country in 1939 and came to the United States, where he enlisted in the 101st Airborne and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).
	www.temple.edu /temple_times/97/10/2/gerbner.html (596 words)

	Violence on Canadian Television (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: Inspired by George Gerbner's method of cultural indicators, content analysis of fictional programs broadcast on Canada's eight largest television networks has indicated that the level of violence on Canadian television, although overall not as high as American television's violence content, reached comparable levels on occasion, particularly on the private networks.
		Gerbner's index is also a theoretical construct that may seem arbitrary, notably in its heterogeneous considerations and the weight accorded to them.
		Gerbner considered a ``program'' to be any production constituting an entity in itself, such as a film, an episode of a soap opera, or even a cartoon.
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwpress/jrls/cjc/BackIssues/22.2/gosselin.html (5550 words)

	George Gerbner
		of special note are short essays written by Gerbner and discussions questions on the themes related to his work into television as a story teller, and the impact of violence portrayed on TV.
		Read a transcript of an interview with Gerbner in which he discusses the major themes of his research.
		The report was written by George Gerbner and draws on the research that he has done as part of his Cultural Indicators research project.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/spd110td/interper/process/linksGerbner.html (343 words)

	The Sociology Video Project
		George Gerbner gave a lot of information but the video was mostly about him talking against a monotone background.
		And, at the end of the video, they showed a cultural movement that is critiquing the way the media is presented: this is such an important topic that it would have been good to spend more time on this and to hear from the people in that movement.
		Gerbner suggests that democracy cannot exist within society where the cultural environment is centralized and monopolized by private capital and challenges the viewers to change it.
	www.arts.yorku.ca /soci/video/videos/crisis.html (517 words)

	New nightmares more reality than fantasy
		"This is the formula for the global market," said George Gerbner, director of the Philadelphia-based Cultural Indicators Research Project, explaining that advertisers have to think globally rather than locally in order to make a profit and therefore have to reach universal emotions.
		Gerbner's findings, however, reveal that people's "real world" fears are based on a warped sense of reality.
		"I call news 'fiction by selection,' " Gerbner said, citing the statistics that one in three or four news stories involve violence, 80 percent of "local" news is not local and violence on local news has increased while violence in the inner-city has decreased.
	www.collegian.psu.edu /archive/1996_jan-dec/1996_oct/1996-10-29_the_daily_collegian/1996-10-29d05-001.htm (541 words)

	[No title]
		George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Stewart Hoover, Michael Morgan and Nancy Signorielli.
		George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Stewart Hoover, Michael Morgan, Nancy Signorielli, Harry Cotugno, and Robert Wuthnow.
		George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Nancy Signorielli, Michael Morgan and Marilyn Jackson-Beeck.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~mmorgan/CV-UP (2476 words)

	PMag v11n6p21 -- Selling all the stories
		Born in Hungary, Dr. George Gerbner is Dean Emeritus of the Annenberg School for Communications, University of Pennsylvania.
		It is being produced, Dr. Gerbner has concluded, because it is cheaper to produce, and travels well on the global market, which brings in half of the network's income.
		Gerbner asks us to consider the problems and join in creating a better cultural environment for our children.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v11n6p21.htm (764 words)

	TV Rating System Offers Little Help To Parents In Monitoring Violence And Alcohol, Study Indicates
		Depictions of alcohol use during prime time are more likely to be coupled with programs marked by adult themes, adult language and sexual situations than with violence.
		Gerbner's study was conducted in conjunction with the Cultural Indicators Research Project, a data bank and research base that investigates the relationship of long-term exposure to recurrent elements in television and viewer conceptions about the world.
		The Project periodically publishes a Violence Profile, and a Diversity Index comparing the cast of prime-time dramatic characters to the actual demographics of the American population.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-03/TU-TRSO-090398.php (561 words)

	309 Media and Democracy in the 21st Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		George Gerbner outlined these consequences in an eloquent storytelling session that led us from his experiences under fascism in 1939 through the growth of television.
		Gerbner, there are two "governments": the one that makes the laws of our nation and the one that tells the stories.
		Gerbner has produced several videos; information is available at www.igc.org/mef.
	www.uua.org /ga/ga99/309.html (353 words)

	ab_vivian_mmcprcd_1\|Mass Communication Effects\|Media People
		Gerbner calculates the typical American 18-year-old has seen 32,000 murders and 40,000 attempted murders at home on television.
		Gerbner notes that violence is an easy fill for weak spots in a television story line.
		While Gerbner's stats are unsettling, he has critics who say his numbers make the situation seem worse than it really is. The Gerbner index scores acts of violence without considering their context.
	wps.ablongman.com /ab_vivian_mmcprcd_1/0,5148,275213-,00.html (649 words)

	John Murray -- "The Impact of Televised Violence" (Hofstra Law Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The most extensive analyses of the incidence of violence on television are the studies conducted by George Gerbner and his colleagues on the nature of American television programs.
		According to Gerbner's initial analysis, eight out of every ten plays broadcast during the survey period in 1969 contained some form of violence, and eight episodes of violence occurred during each hour of broadcast time.
		Later [812] analyses by George* Gerbner and Larry Gross indicated that there was some decline in violence levels from 1969 to 1975, at least in terms of the prominence of killing.
	communication.ucsd.edu /tlg/123/murray.html (6120 words)

	KERSTIN LEDER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		George Gerbner et al.’s work on Cultivation Analysis plays a significant role here and shall serve as my central point of reference.
		Gerbner et al.’s work usefully departs from earlier research into media effects by offering an alternative approach to media’s portrayal of violence, taking a long-term ‘enculturation’ (Gunter, 1987) into consideration, rather than merely concentrating on short-term effects on viewers’ behaviour.
		Gerbner et al.’s content analysis of television programmes does not put actions/situations into context and thereby fails to recognize the audience’s active role in reading and negotiating different media texts (Gauntlett, 1995).
	users.aber.ac.uk /kll00/phd_proposal.htm (1818 words)

	UMass-Amherst \|\| Department of Communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gerbner, George, Larry Gross, Marilyn Jackson-Beeck, Suzanne Jeffries-Fox, and Nancy Signorielli.
		Gerbner, George, Larry Gross, Stewart Hoover, Michael Morgan, Nancy Signorielli, Harry E. Cotugno, and Robert Wuthnow.
		Kwak, Hyokjin, Zinkhan, George M., Dominick, Joseph R. The moderating role of gender and compulsive buying tendencies in the cultivation effects of TV shows and TV advertising: A cross cultural study between the United States and South Korea.
	www.umass.edu /communication/resources/cultural_indicators/index.shtml (7191 words)

	Virtual Conference: Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gerbner's Diversity Index charts representation in the film and television industries, and his studies on media violence have drawn worldwide attention.
		In 1996, Gerbner was prompted to found the Cultural Environment Movement, an international reform coalition aimed at promoting a more balanced and diverse media.
		George Gebner is the author of the article Acting on the Cultural Environment
	commposite.uqam.ca /videaz/bio/gegeen.html (126 words)

	George Gerbner, The Man
		George Gerbner was originally a Hungarian poet who immigrated to the United States and attended school at Berkley in the field of journalism.
		While working on his PhD at the University of Southern California, Gerbner wrote a paper titled "Toward a General Theory of Communication." From this paper, cultivation theory was born.
		Gerbner served as the Dean of the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania for 25 years until he retired in 1989.
	www.ciadvertising.org /sa/spring_03/382j/kimberly/page2.html (171 words)

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