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Topic: George Spencer Brown

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	George Spencer History
		George Spencer, a son of Moses Roswell Spencer and Alma Flagg, was born 7 October, 1829 in West Hartford, Connecticut.
		George and he and his partner separated; George was left the prairie schooner, a horse and a cow.
		George had a good overcoat, the other man was older and not so warmly dressed so George gave him his coat.
	www.geocities.com /heartland/valley/6368/Smith/GeorgeSpencer.html (624 words)

	Multiplicity in Multiple Form Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		George Spencer Brown in "Laws of Form" had adopted a monotheistic interpretation of Forms: He identified "God the Father" with the First Distinction itself, "God the Son" with the Outer Space which resides outside the First Distinction, and "God the Holy Ghost" with the Inner Space inside the First Distinction.
		the "initials" of Spencer Brown's "Primary Algebra" were not axioms "as such", but were proved as consequences from Spencer Brown's "axioms of the primary arithmetic" (I1 and I2).
		For example, Spencer Brown's "imaginary operator" is now seen as "XOR", and it becomes consistent with conventional work in the construction of counters and pseudo-random sequence generators (etc), all of which are based in Exclusive-OR gates, for their operation.
	multiforms.netfirms.com /multiplicity.html (1513 words)

	GEORGE SPENCER BROWN and his LAWS OF FORM
		Spencer Brown's Laws of Form (1969) outlines a complete and consistent logic based on 'distinctions', which Maturana and Varela identify as the elementary cognitive act.
		Spencer Brown's calculus was therefore an obvious candidate framework for formalizing distinctions and hence providing a formal representational schema for addressing the operations of the observer.
		In this paper, Spencer Brown's Logic of Distinctions is considered in the light of various amendments proposed by the author.
	www.enolagaia.com /GSB.html (2997 words)

	George Brown biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		George Brown (British politician) the British politician and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
		George Brown (musician) the musician in Kool and the Gang
		George Brown (Union official), former president of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes
	george-brown.biography.ms (57 words)

	george brown college - college - College Linx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		George Spencer Brown (Himself A Timeline of Spencer Brown's Life and Career.
		George Brown president of the Washington DC Alumni Chapter of the Morris Brown
		George Mackay Brown OBE was born in Stromness in sixth and youngest child of John
	www.collegelinx.com /georgebrowncollege (211 words)

	Multiple Form Logic: An extension of George Spencer-Brown's LAWS of FORM
		There are many sites in the Net about "Laws of Form", despite the fact that George Spencer Brown does not have a site (or much sympathy for what he thinks as unnecessary publicity about him).
		Spencer Brown’s axioms of the “Primary Arithmetic” do not correspond to “Not” and “Or” (as he suggested) but to “Xor” and “or”, a simple fact which passed unnoticed for over three decades, by most people who have been extending George Spencer Brown:
		Unlike Brown's, such new “pluralistic” forms or boundaries are by nature "multiple" or "coloured", and can be combined into structures of awesome complexity, if we wish.
	multiforms.netfirms.com /multiforms_1.html (4817 words)

	A New Kind of Science: The NKS Forum - Spencer Brown, NOR and NAND
		The Laws of Form presented by George Spencer Brown in 1969 introduce a compact symbolic notation for Nand with any number of arguments and in effect try to develop a way of discussing Nand and reasoning directly in terms of it.
		Spencer Brown's notation is a kind of generalize NOR statement.
		In Spencer Brown's logical space, it is the case that
	forum.wolframscience.com /showthread.php?s=&threadid=46 (753 words)

	BIBLIOGRAPHY: George Spencer Brown
		It appears in a Martin Gardner column where GSB is referred to as the "maverick British mathematician...".
		Kohout, L. and Pinkava, V. The algebraic structure of the Spencer Brown and Varela calculi.
		GSB appears to have been influenced by this book based on a translation from 5th century Greek.
	www.enolagaia.com /GSBBib.html (4019 words)

	The Observer in the Observed: Fractal Dynamics of Reentry
		By focusing on this highly contradictory state of affairs that extends invisibly under the surface, I follow Blake’s lead to explore the paradoxical dynamics embedded in the very fabric of existence.
		This paper traces a line of logic, begun by George Spencer-Brown and continued by Francisco Varela, which puts paradox at the heart and seam of things.
		Although it is commonly believed that George Boole (1958) developed the most basic form of logic, Spencer-Brown disagreed, claiming his own calculus is so primordial as to provide a cradle not only for logic itself, but also for the basic structure of
	goertzel.org /dynapsyc/2002/ObserverObserved.htm (6367 words)

	G Spencer Brown resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Is it Mr Brown, or Mr Spencer Brown, or Mr Spencer-Brown?
		GEORGE SPENCER BROWN, mathematician: The protologic behind logic determines the logic.
		Jeff James on LoF 1994: "A fourth preface was added in which he talks about "triunions" or "triple identities" such as of reality, appearance and awareness, or imaginability, possibility and actuality, or what a thing is, what it isn't and the boundary between them.
	www.robotwisdom.com /jorn/gsb.html (927 words)

	George Spencer Brown and the Laws of Form
		When I told this to GSB, he said that most people don't 'get' that: that it is all Nothing.
		GSB: On the contrary, words have everything to do with the world that appears to be "outside".
		Due to German jurisdiction, we are required to state explicitly that we do not identify with nor carry any responsibility for the contents of any external site that we link to on these pages.
	www.reality-check.de /forum/gsblof.htm (2292 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		"Boundary math" is a broad term that is used to refer generically to the "Laws of Form" invented by George Spencer-Brown as a non-numerical calculus based on the properties of boundaries.
		Spencer Brown's boundary calculus has only one symbol (the "cross" or "call") and two axioms ("to cross and cross again is equivalent to no cross" and "two calls is equivalent to one call").
		Unlike Euclidean geometry, which depends on an "external" point of view, Spencer Brown's calculus is independent of point of view, and in fact is a means of evaluating the role of the point of view.
	art3idea.psu.edu /boundaries/math/boundary.html (175 words)

	Comments on 12260 \| MetaFilter
		The solved conjectures can sometimes fall into the camp that GSB is talking about: after years of withstanding assault, a problem sometimes falls to an argument that a grad student can follow, one that is transparently the "right" proof.
		Fermat's Last Theorem is the poster-child for this; a couple of hundred years, dozens of reductions, three or four whole new fields of mathematics, startling connections painstakingly worked out, and the final proof is still in the thousands of pages.
		I fell for the first round of GSB hype back in the seventies at the hands of the Whole Earth Catalog, and failed then to see (and still fail) how it's different from Boolean algebra, which is itself simply a particularization of some more general mathematical objects.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/12260 (2234 words)

	cracking the urban cheat code
		In 1969 George Spencer-Brown wrote his seminal book 'Laws of Form'(1) in which he states: "...a universe comes into being when a space is severed or taken apart".
		From here on Spencer-Brown develops a calculus not based on numbers but on distinctions.
		Brown's system has gained a small but committed group of followers who have developed his original work, much of which has appeared on the internet.
	www.socialfiction.org /psychogeography/psychogeogram.html (1945 words)

	Some Weird Stuff
		For any person wishing to carry a mapper's strengths into the workplace, the life and work of the physicist Richard Feynman is worth studying.
		The Spencers' Warbler was a bird identified for him by his father.
		The Laws of Form, by George Spencer-Brown is a little book of mathematics and commentary that is described by modern logicians as containing a form of `modal logic', characterised by having the rules of the logical system applying differently in different places, in a manner defined by the rules of the logic itself.
	www.reciprocality.org /Reciprocality/r0/Day7.html (9545 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		And we might get rebirth as a bonus too, at a time in the future when the mysteries of existence would have been solved and we would _know_ the answer to those questions which doctrine tries to solve without scientific explanation.
		For those cryonicists who doubt that the Mind and the Soul are just functions of nerve cells, there is a book worth reading which may open paths to other views: "Laws of Form" by George Spencer Brown.
		There is a site which explaines very well these new principles of Formal Logic through which we realize that Truth and Falsity are reducible to boundaries between the Inner and the Outer World, and that these boundaries can initially be drawn almost anywhere we please.
	keithlynch.net /cryonet/94/04.html (625 words)

	Mailing List complex-science@necsi.org Message 4206
		In this case as to grasp the fundamentals, the discussion is approaching
		George Spencer Brown and used as the key concept by Varela and Luhmann.
		By the way it's interesting to observe the discussion on Spencer Brown.
	necsi.org:8100 /Lists/complex-science/Message/4206.html (464 words)

	George Spencer-Brown's Vita
		Spencer-Brown, G, mathematician, consulting enginecr, psychologist, educational consultant and practitioner, consulting psychotherapist, author, and poet, born Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England, 2nd April 1923, elder son of John Brown, civil engineer, international chess player, writer, and painter in oils, and Margery Featherston.
		Founder of publishing imprints Cat Books (1970), Spencer Brown & Co (1972), and Universal College Press (1982).
		Recreations include shooting, tennis, cricket, soccer, chess, piloting anything that will fly, exploring, photography, maps and map-making, listening to Mozart, cooking in commercial breaks, composing and performing songs and ballads, constructing ingenious machines that actually work, and inventing astonishing games that can actually be played.
	www.lawsofform.org /gsb/vita.html (805 words)

	Acta analytica 10
		Rudolf Matzka; Semiotic Abstractions in the theories of Gotthard Günther and George Spencer Brown
		In substituting such central notions the internal connection between the Tractatus-sentences and the intended systematic character of the Tractatus can be shown.
		Three semiotic innovations, consisting in different abstractions from the standard notion of "string", are extracted from the works of the logicians Gotthard Günther and George Spencer Brown.
	filo3.pfmb.uni-mb.si /~suster/toc10.htm (627 words)

	The trail ends here (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		George Spencer Brown Laws of Form (Calculus of Indications) by Dr. Randall Whitaker
		Brown, G. Spencer: Laws of Form Evolution of Consciousness by Bobby Matherne
		Spencer Brown’s Laws of Form and John Lilly’s Take on It by Saul-Paul Sirag
	www.xenodochy.org /formal/endoftrail.html (128 words)

	Form and Medium: A Mathematical Reconstruction, by Michael Schiltz
		It is an attempt to construct a medium theory that remains true to George Spencer-Brown’s logical calculus on the one hand, and that gives full “credit” to Niklas Luhmann’s considerations on the medium/form distinction on the other hand.
		In one way or another, it would not be an overstatement to say that 'form' has affected virtually all recent studies of the new theory of social systems.
		He wrote Power and Paradox: A Systems Theoretical Sociology of Postwar Japanese Defense Police (forthcoming), on Luhmann’s systems theory (with special emphasis on Spencer Brown’s logical calculus) as applied to international relations in general and Japan’s foreign policy in particular.
	www.imageandnarrative.be /mediumtheory/michaelschiltz.htm (10223 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 99021522 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Sociology has long sought to consider both acting in a situation and observing that situation as a single operation.
		This book is the first to make sociological use of George Spencer-Brown's mathematical calculus of form in order to do so.
		This theory states that any action or communication is always an operation that makes a distinction, indicating what it is interested in, and leaving unmarked what it is not.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam029/99021522.html (200 words)

	optiksupport.com -- - Computers - Companies - Product Support -
		- Page that includes a discourse presented by Brown in 1973, on the distinction between a demonstration and a proof.
		» George Spencer Brown and his Laws of Form
		- Notes taken by a student, from a series of lectures given by Brown in 1963.
	www.optiksupport.com /directory/Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Science/Mathematics/Brown,_George_Spencer (161 words)

	spencer p hurd - ResearchIndex document query (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This technique was rst applied by Frohlich and Spencer [FS83] to the discretisation of the Schrodinger
		Schrodinger operators studied by Frohlich and Spencer [FS] in their work on localization theory.
		3.1 was proved first by Wei and later by Alon and Spencer in a different way from Wei.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /cis?q=Spencer+P.+Hurd (600 words)

	Transcendental Physics - The Science of Consciousness-Matter Interaction
		The book Transcendental Physics, first published in June, 1997, outlines the concepts, empirical evidence, and logic that leads to a new paradigm providing a natural framework for further investigation of a reality composed of matter, energy and consciousness.
		ALCULUS OF ISTINCTIONS, a new non-numerical mathematics that allows the scientist to include consciousness in the equations that describe the basic laws of nature, is a mathematical method adapted from G. Spencer Brown’s calculus of indications published in Laws of Form, 1969.
		The Calculus of Distinctions was first developed by Edward R. Close in 1986 and published in 1990 as Infinite Continuity, A Theory Unifying Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
	www.transcendentalphysics.com (443 words)

	Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		[Spencer] Brown has conducted at least one seminar or workshop or whatever in the U.S., a few years back, and I think it was in or near San Francisco.
		"A Reader" by George Steiner, being his own selections from his various works.
		Not the stuff in the supermarket, I mean real chocolate mousse, like you get in Paris, or in Ranchos de Taos.
	www.zianet.com /ebear/books.html (626 words)

	newbks.htm
		Another book, in some ways the most mind-stretching, from G. Spencer Brown's magic pen is always an event to celebrate.
		In a wildly careening plot that can only be described as crack noir, two pipeheads accidentally steal a photo of George W. Bush's presidential package and decide to flmail the Republican Party.
		Before the crack-crazed thieves can follow through, however, gorgeous, whip-smart Nurse Tina, who's just offed her husband with a bowl of Drano-laced Lucky Charms, absconds with the goods.
	www.dagonproductions.com /newbks.htm (1514 words)

	George Brown/Fannie Winchester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Name: Isabella Brown Born: 1 JUN 1872 at: Married: 8 DEC 1891 at: Died: at: Spouses: James McKenney Merryman
		Name: George Brown, Jr Born: 5 FEB 1880 at: Married: 10 JUN 1910 at: Died: 7 OCT 1956 at: Spouses: Elizabeth Lieper Martin
		Name: Irwin Mannering Brown Born: 25 FEB 1884 at: Married: 6 NOV 1907 at: Died: 27 NOV 1945 at: Spouses: Katherine Murray Spencer
	www.chesapeake.net /~stovy/Brown/fam00143.htm (257 words)

	Heinz von Foerster Festschrift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The sun was burning and made the cool breeze that was blowing from the Ocean and was rustleling in the trees more bearably.
		The recordings on the tapes that I have from this conversation contain long breaks and noises of the wind that are undisturbed by voices—very unusual for the speed with which Heinz thinks and talks.
		It was the end of a long interview about George Spencer Browns book Laws of Form.”; Heinz had discovered this book for philosophy and written a review that had caused a sensation shortly after it was published in spring of 1969.
	www.univie.ac.at /constructivism/HvF/festschrift/poerksen.html (692 words)

	Laws of Form Bibliography (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: Introduction This bibliography lists references relating to the book Laws of Form (1969) and to its author, George Spencer-Brown.
		The first edition of this bibliography was assembled by Dave Keenan from an inquiry posted to the USEnet newsgroups sci.logic and sci.math in November, 1991, and the collated list was first posted to these groups on December 7, 1991.
		1 Spencer Brown's Laws of Form (context) - Banaschewski, On - 1977
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /james97laws.html (896 words)

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